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1 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning Answers Page 5 (other reasons are possible) 1. A = 50 Angle sum = 180. B = 62 Angle sum = C = 58 Angle sum = 180. D = 122 Adj. angles str. line 180. = 58 Page 6 (other reasons are possible) Vert. opp. angles equal. 3. F = 80 Adj. angles str. line 180. G = 70 Adj. angles str. line = 180 Angle sum = 180. = 12 y = 324 Angle sum of a point = H = 72 Angle sum of a point = 360. I = 72 terior angles poly = 360. J = 54 Base angle isos equal. 6. = 60 quilateral. N = 120 Adj. angles str. line 180. P = 30 Base angle isos equal. 7. Q = 297 Angle sum heagon = 720. R = 63 Angle sum of a point = S = 108 Angle sum pentagon = 540. T = 36 Base angles isos. equal. U = 72 T + U = 108. Int. angle regular pentagon. 9. V = 28 Adj. angles str. line 180 and Angle sum = 180. W = 288 Angle sum of a point = 360 and symmetrical angles. 10. Y = 87 Adj. angles str. line 180 Z = 46.5 Page 7 (other reasons are possible) Base angle isos equal. 11. A = 32 Base angle isos equal. B = 64 C = 52 Angle sum = 180 and Adj. angles str. line 180. Base angle isos equal and Angle sum = y+ 90 = 180 Adj. angles str. line 180. y = R = 117 Adj. angles str. line 180. S = 27 Adj. angles str. line 180. Q = 63 Vert. opp. angles equal. 14. T = 40 terior angles poly = 360. U = 120 Angle sum of a point 360. V = 140 Interior angles 9 sided poly. W = 220 terior angle Page 7 cont = 180 Angle sum = 180. = Y = 42 Angle sum = 180. Z = 318 Angle sum of a point A = 135 Interior angle of a octagon. B = 120 Interior angle of a heagon. C = 105 Angle sum of a point D = 211 Angle of a quad. sum 360. = 149 Angle sum of a point 360. Page 9 (other reasons are possible) 19. A = 41 Alt. angles // lines =. B = 139 Co-int. angles // = P = 46 Co-int. angles // = 180. Q = 134 Corr. angles // lines =. Page 10 (other reasons are possible) 21. B = 34 Corr. angles // lines =. A = 34 Vert. opp. angles equal. 22. C = 23 Alt. angles // lines =. D = 71 Alt. angles // lines =. = 86 Angle sum = 180. F = 94 Adj. angles str. line G = 44 Alt. angles // lines =. H = 99 Angle sum = J = 5 Angle sum = 180. K = 124 Alt. angles // lines =. 25. L = 38 Alt. angles // lines =. = 105 Adj. angles str. line 180. N = 37 Alt. angles // lines =. 26. D = 32 Corr. angles // lines =. XD = 32 Base angle isos equal. DX = 116 Angle sum = R = 112 Vert. opp. angles equal. S = 68 Co-int. angles // = 180. T = 65 Angle sum = U = 109 Corr. angles // lines =. V = 71 Adj. angles str. line 180. W = 61 Angle sum = 180. Page 11 (other reasons are possible) = 180 Co-int. angles // = 180. = 12 7y = 112 Co-int. angles // = 180. y = Z = Co-int. angles // = 180. Z = 293 AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

2 66 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning Page 11 cont A = 5 Co-int. angles // = 180. B = 18 Alt. angles // lines =. C = 157 Angle sum = D = 127 Alt. angles // lines =. = 74 F = 53 Base angle isos equal. and Angle sum = 180. Vert. opp. angles equal. 33. G = 101 Corr. angles // lines =. and Adj. angles str. line H = 123 Alt. angles // lines =. and Adj. angles str. line 180. and Page 14 (other reasons are possible) t. angle of a = 2 opp. int. L s. 35. X = 98 Angle sum of a point 360. Y = 82 Tangent at 90 to radius. and Angle of a quad. sum 360. Page 15 (other reasons are possible) 36. A = 42 B = 21 Angles same arc =. 37. C = 107 D = 73 and angle sum of a point is = 90 Angle in semi circle 90. F = G = 31 Base angles isos are =. H = 59 Angle in semi circle 90. I = 59 Base angles isos are =. 40. J = 18 Angles same arc =. K = 18 Alt. angles // lines =. = 144 Angle sum of a = N = 226 P = 134 Angle sum of a point is Q = 41 Angles same arc =. R = 131 Angle in semi circle 90. and Adj. angles str. line 180. S = 24.5 Base angles isos are =. 43. T = 67 Tangent at Rt. angle to radius. U = 33.5 Page 16 (other reasons are possible) 44. Q = 22 Angle between a tangent and a radius is a Rt. angle. R = 136 S = 68 Base angles isos are = and Angle sum of a = 180. T = 44 Angle sum of a quad. = 360. Page 16 cont U = 90 Angle in semi circle 90. V = 33 Tangent at 90 to radius. W = 33 Angle sum of a = = 32 Angles same arc =. y = 35 Angle sum of a = = 41 Alt. angles // lines =. y = 98 Angles same arc = and Angle sum of a = y = 12 Angles same arc =. = y = 63 Alt. angles // lines =. = 63 Angles same arc =. Page 18 (other reasons are possible) 50. A = 99 B = 62 The et. angle cyclic quad. = Opp. int. angle. 51. C = 90 Tangent at Rt. angle to radius. D = = 67 Base angles isos are =. F = 67 Base angles isos are =. G = 23 H = J = 57 K = 114 = 21 Angle between a tangent and a radius is a Rt. angle. 54. P = 22 Angle between a tangent and a radius is a Rt. angle. Q = 90 Angle in semi circle 90 and Adj. angles str. line 180. R = 68 Angle sum of a = 180. S = 22 Angle sum of a = T = 107 The et. angle of a cyclic U = 73 Adj. angles str. line 180. Page 19 (other reasons are possible) 56. V = 138 W = X = 110 Y = 111 The et. angle of a cyclic quad. = the Opp. angle. AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

3 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning 67 Page 19 cont A = 39 Base angles isos are =. B = 102 Angle sum of a = 180. C = 78 D = 60 Angle sum of a = e = 61 BD = 119 c = 119 b = 96 f = 96 The et. angle of a cyclic The et. angle of a cyclic The et. angle of a cyclic The et. angle of a cyclic 60. m = 68 Adj. angles str. line 180. j = 68 k = 90 Angle in semi circle 90. g = 22 Angle sum of a = u = 71 Page t = 68 v = 62 q = 59 y 15 = y = 10 cm = 30 cm 63. w = 20 m z = 30 m 64. j = 48 mm k = 40.5 mm 65. p = 24 m Page q = m (26.7 m 3 sf) 1160 = = 232 mm y = 2.50 m 67. n = 735 mm m = 360 mm 68. q = 2.67 m p = 1440 mm 69. s = 107 cm r = 27 cm Page QP and NP are similar because QR X = NP X Corr. angles // lines =. RQ W = PN W Corr. angles // lines =. QR Y = NP Y Common q = 30 q = 22 m m = 21 m 71. TUS and TVW are similar because TUS X = TVW X Alt. angles // lines =. TSU V = TWV Z Alt. angles // lines =. STU W = WTV W Vertically opp angles =. w = 28 m t = 52.5 m 72. AXD and BXC are similar because DAX X = CBX W Angles same arc =. ADX X = BCX X Angles same arc =. AXD W = BXC W Vertically opp angles =. Page 25 c = 18 m 73. GHF and DF are similar because HGF X = DF W Given GFH V = FD V Common GHF X = DF X Angle sum of a = 180. e = e = 6 mm f = mm (16.7 mm 3sf) 74. KLG and JHG are similar because GKL X = GJH T Given LGK X = HGJ X Common GLK W = GHJ X Angle sum of a = m g = 8 cm h = 20 cm 1.8 m 15.2 m Triangles are similar as both contain a common angle and a right angle. h = 8.55 m h AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

4 68 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning Page Using triangles QST and SPT we get QST V = TPS W Angle in semi. O = 90 and angle between tangent and radius = 90 STQ W = PTW S Common TQX S = TV SP Angle sum of a = 180. r s + r = = rs ( + r) 77. Using triangles QPS and QST we get QST V = QPS W Angle in semi. O = 90 and angle between tangent and radius = 90 SQT X = PQS X Common QTS W = QSP V Angle sum of a = 180. s+ r = s = s ( s+ r) 78. a) VXW W = YUW X The et. angle of a cyclic Page 28 b) Similar triangles WVX and WYU as VXW W = YUW X Shown in a) VWX Z = YWU Z Common XVW X = UYW W Angle sum of a = 180. c) XVW X = 90 Angle in semi. O = 90. Therefore the corresponding angle in the second similar triangle must also be a right angle so UYW W = 90. Also means UX is a diameter of the larger circle. 79. h = 83.2 mm 80. j = 5.67 m 81. k = 522 mm 82. m = 1.84 km 83. n = 360 mm 84. p = 7.0 m (2 sf) Page Dist. = 139 km 86. h = 116 mm 87. d = = 3360 mm 89. tra = = 443 m 90. = 105 m Page Base diagonal = 59.4 mm height = = 80.7 mm 92. Base diagonal = 86.0 mm diagonal = 87.5 mm 93. ABC W = 90 Angle in a semi circle = Page 31 AC = r = 12.7 mm OÂT = 90 Tangent at 90 to radius. OT 2 = OA 2 + AT 2 (41 + k) 2 = k = 44.9 mm 95. PCR X = 90 Alt. L s // = twice PR = 20.6 km 96. Two right-angled triangles. Angle in a semi circle = 90 Page 32 XY = 55.6 mm YZ = 94.6 mm XZ = mm 97. OAT is a right-angled triangle. Tangent at 90 to radius. OT 2 = OA 2 + AT 2 (7 + r) 2 = r r = 7.66 mm 98. Angles at T, V, U and W are all right angles as the angle in semi circle 90. Therefore the figure is a rectangle. (2r) 2 = a 2 + b 2 4r 2 = a 2 + b 2 r 2 = 0.25(a 2 + b 2 ) r = 0.25(a 2 + b 2 ) T W r V a b U AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

5 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning 69 Page p = 4.87 m 100. q = 16.7 m 101. r = 55.1 mm 102. s = 8.24 km 103. t = 92.6 mm 104. u = 153 mm (2 sf) 105. v = 73.0 mm 106. w = 6.12 m 107. y = 15.1 m 108. z = 245 cm (2 sf) Page h = 18.4 m 110. h = 8.17 m 111. h = m (4 sf) 112. sh = 4.43 m vh = 1.07 m 113. S = 114 km = 37 km (0 dp) 114. s = 3.45 m Page A = B = C = D = 34.7 Page = 52.1 e = 3.99 m (2 dp) 120. F = 41.5 f = 92 mm (0 dp) 121. G = 33.6 g = 82.9 cm (0.83 m) (3 sf ) 122. H = 50.6 h = 92 mm (0 dp) 123. I = 42.6 J = K = 45.0 L = 45.0 k = 1167 mm (0 dp) 125. = 53.1 m = 7.5 m 126. N = 50.2 P = 39.8 n = 204 cm (0 dp) Page h = = Cable = 93.9 m = Interior angles he. = 120 D = cos 60 D = 40 mm = 2 20 cos 30 = 34.6 mm 129. Adj = 280 cos 24 Adj = cm Above ground h = 45 + ( ) 130. h = 7.16 m Page 39 = 69 cm (0 dp) A 1 = 36 Angle sum of a = 180. Angle h to tail = A 2 A 2 = cos -1 (7.16/7.95) = 25.8 A = ACB = 36 Alt. L s // lines =. = m y = m (4 sf) (4 sf) 132. IHJ = 17 Corr. L s // lines =. a = 1.89 sin 17 = 0.55 m (2 sf) b = 2.45 tan 17 = 0.75 m (2 sf) 133. PQR X = 90 Angle in a semi circle = 90 PQ = 7.02 cm RQ = 6.10 cm 134. TWV Z = 90 Angle in a semi circle = 90 Page 42 TVW X = 11 Angles on same arc = 2r = r = 4.14 m 135. Right angle between two headings. dist. = 358 km (4 sf) Bearing = 40 + tan = Page Right angle between two headings. Dist. = 1778 m Bearing = (0 dp) 137. a) North = 88 km (0 dp) ast = 43 km b) Dist. = 98 km (0 dp) 138. Right angle between two radar directions. Page Dist. = 18.7 km Bearing 122. A = (tan -1 ) = Dist. = 383 km (0 dp) Bearing = 345 (0 dp) 141. Dist. = 755 km (0 dp) Bearing = 181 (0 dp) 142. PN = (126, 150) (0 dp) 143. Dist. = 574 km (0 dp) Page 45 Bearing = 263 (0 dp) 144. BAC = = 27 cos 27 = AX 12 and cos 48 = XC 8.2 AX = , XC = AC = AX + XC = = 16 cm (2 sf) 145. Let ABC = and BC = y ADC =, Angles on same arc =. CAD = 90 Angle in a semi circle = y = 180 Angle sum of a = y = 48 In CB = y + 34 t. angle of a = the two opp. int. angles. y + y + 34 = 48 so y = 7 and = 41. AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

6 70 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning Page 45 cont YVW and YXZ are similar triangles a 30 = a = 660 a = 17.1 cm b + 15 b = b = 14b b = 210 b = 26.3 cm Page cos34 = 5.2 = sin 34 = y 5.2 y = tan 40 = km 34 z z = Dist. = = 7.8 km 148. tending F and labelling angles v and w. A C v F z = v + w t. angle of a = the two opp. int. angles. = v Corr. angles =, // lines. y = w Vert. opp. angles =. z = + y Substitution y = 360 Angle sum of a point = 360. DAB = 1 2 DCB = 1 2 y DAB + DCB = y z w z 40 y 106 y G 320 B D Page OQ = 5 2 OQ 2 = 9 OQ = 3 tan R = 3 4 R = 36.9 PR 2 = PR = 50 PRO = PRO = 81.9 sin 81.9 = height 50 height = 7.0 m 151. a) 15 = = 120 = 10 2y y + 8 = y + 64 = 24y 16y = 64 y = 4 b) OP is parallel to N LOP is isoceles LN is isoceles Page h 2 = 2 ( ) 2 + ( + 4 ) 2 h 2 = h 2 = h = ( ) 2 + ( ) = = = = 32 = a) Bearing from Y to X is 238. b) Bearing from Z to Y is 136. Distance from Z to Y is (splitting into two right-angled triangles): + y where cos 78 = y and cos 78 = = 27 cos 78 = y = 27 cos 78 = y = 11.2 km c) Bearing from Z to X is 214. = 1 ( + y) 2 = 1 2 (360 ) = 180 AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

7 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning 71 Pages Practice ternal Assessment Task 1 Question One Geometric Reasoning 1.6 a) i) CB = 1184 A ii) CAB = 46.2 A ii) XCB = 43.8 (A) As ABC = 43.8 Angle sum of a = 180. XCB = 43.8 Alt. angles // lines = b) BK = sin584. c = 14.6 cm c) From start North = 625 cos cos 35 = 1000 km (0 dp) (A) West = 475 sin sin 12 = 143 km (0 dp) () North 1000 km, West 143 km Bearing 352 d) Interior angles of a pentagon = 108 Height = cos cos 54 = m (3 dp) Question Two a) DF = 102 (A) As DF = 39 Base angles Isos. =. DF = 102 Angle sum of a = 180. b) TB 1 B 2 = 46 Alt. angles // lines =. TB 2 B 1 = 46 Base angles Isos. =. B 1 TB 2 = 88 Angle sum of a = 180. Bearing = 134 c) VWY = 75 (A) as ZYW + TYU = 210 Angle sum point = 360. ZYW = TYU Given. ZYW = 105 VWY = 75 Co-int. angles // = 180. d) i) PSQ = PTR Corr. angles // lines =. Sin 41 = y 6 y = 3.94 m (2 sf) ii) Triangles PQS and PRT are similar. Note no right-angled triangle. Therefore = 6 = 3.05 m e) LQR = 36 t. angles = 360. = JQP JQL = 144 Adj. angles / lines = 180. () PJQ = 108 Angles Isos. =. KJQ = 72 Adj. angles / lines =180. = KLQ (symmetry) JKL = 72 Angle sum of a quad. = 360. Question Three a) i) AOB = 136 (A) AOB (refle) = 224 AOB (obtuse) = 136 Angle sum of a point = 360. ii) ODF = f Base angles Isos. =. DOF = 180 2f Angle sum of a = 180. OD = 2f Angle sum of a = 180. () DO = 90 Angle Tang. and radius = 90. DO = 90 2f Angle sum of a = 180. b) DCB = 92 (A) DB = 46 Co-int. angles // = 180. DC = 90 Symmetry. BDC = 44 DBC = 44 Symmetry DCB = 92 Angle sum of a = 180. c) HGX = KJX Alt. angles // lines =. GHX = JKX Alt. angles // lines =. GXH = JXK Vertically opposite angles =. Therefore triangles GHX and JKX are similar 10 = 12 8 = 15 cm Correct answer without proving similar triangles is d) QN = 23 Angles same arc =. Judgement Q = 84 mm Diameter (A) NQ = 90 Angle in semi circle 90. () N = 84 sin 23 = 32.8 mm The grade in brackets is an alternative if the full grade is not earned. In each question you would need at least 2 A for an Achievement, 2 for a erit and 1 for an cellence. The final grade is found by combining the results of the three questions. Achievement Requires two question Achievements or better. erit Requires two question erits or better. cellence Requires two question cellences. AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

8 72 AS 1.6 Geometric Reasoning Pages Practice ternal Assessment Task 2 Question One Geometric Reasoning 1.6 a) i) BXC = 44 (A) ii) XBC = 68 Adj. angles / lines =180. BCX = 68 Base angles Isos. =. BXC = 44 Angle sum of a = 180. XBC = 68 Adj. angles / lines = B = tan68 c = 48.5 BC = 97 cm b) Let HG and GF = = = mm Perim. = 4115 mm (0 dp) c) i) N 2 BA = 58 Alt. angles // lines =. Bearing = = 234 A ii) CX = 243 sin 68 CX = m AX = tan58c = m () BX = 243 cos 68 = 91.0 AB = 232 m (0 dp) d) TVO = 34 (A) Question Two OTU = 90 Tangent at 90 to radius. TOU = 68 Angle sum of a = 180. TVO = 34 a) i) DAB = 127 (A) CBA = 53 Angle sum pt. = 360 DAB = 127 Co-int. angles // = 180. ii) B = 21.1 mm () AB = 35.1 mm Pythagoras Perim. = 252 mm (0 dp) b) i) KLR = 78 (A) LRQ = 78 Base angles Isos. =. KLR = 78 Alt. angles // lines =. ii) Form Rt. angled triangle by adding altitude. 70 RL = cos78 c = 337 mm c) SRT = TPQ Alt. angles // lines =. RTS = PTQ Vertically opp. angles =. Similar triangles RTS and PTQ. y = 52 mm Question Three a) i) PQR = 54 (A) JKQ = 72 t angles of polygon = 360. KJQ = 72 t angles of polygon = 360. KQJ = 36 Angle sum of a = 180. KQR = 90 Angle in semi circle 90. PQR = 54 ii) OAB = OBA Base angles Isos. =. OAB = BDC t. angle cyclic quad = Opp. Int. OBA = ACD t. angle cyclic quad = Opp. Int. As OAB = ACD and OBA = BDC and they are corresponding angles them the lines AB and CD are parallel. b) HGK = 113 (A) HOK = 134 Vertically Opp. angles =. HIO = 67 HGK = 113 Opp. angles cyclic quad. = 180. c) DB = 68 (A) DB = 48 Adj. angles / lines =180. DB = 68 Angle sum of a = 180. d) ABC = 120 Int. angles heagon. Judgement y 1 = 30 Base angles Isos. =. y 4 = 30 Symmetry () ACD = 90 As BCA = 30 and BCD = 120 ADC = 60 As half CD and CD = 120 y 2 = 30 Angle sum of a = 180. y 3 = 30 Symmetry The grade in brackets is an alternative if the full grade is not earned. In each question you would need at least 2 A for an Achievement, 2 for a erit and 1 for and cellence. The final grade is found by combining the results of the three questions. Achievement Requires two question Achievements or better. erit Requires two question erits or better. cellence Requires two question cellences. AS 1.6 Year 11 athematics and Statistics Published by NuLake Ltd New Zealand Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent

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