Test Case Baseline Results
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1 1 Test Case Baseline Results Ablation Test-Case Series #2 Feb. 28th Mar. 1st 2012, Lexington, Kentucky Tim Risch & Chris Kostyk NASA Dryden Flight Research Center February 28, 2012
2 Objective Present baseline test cases using CMA & FIAT for Mutation generated surface thermochemical (B ) tables using CEA database Problem 2.1 Low heat flux in-depth pyrolysis only case Problem 2.2 Low heat flux surface ablating case Problem 2.3 High heat flux surface ablating case Present results for other, alternative thermochemical models CEA database generated by ACE (25 gas species) JANNAF 88 database generated by ACE (23 gas species) JANNAF 88 database plus Livermore Carbon data generated by ACE (25 gas species) 2
3 Surface Equilibrium/Non-equilibrium Codes Mutation 2011 code Stagnation line formulation Uses CEA data Aerotherm Chemical Equilibrium (ACE) 1990 s version code Versatile multi-species equilibrium/non-equilibrium surface Modified to use both JANNAF and CEA thermodynamic data 3
4 Thermochemistry Models Mutation CEA 25 gas phase species and graphite from CEA database C, H, O, N, CH 4, CN, CO, CO 2, C 2, C 2 H, C 2 H 2, acetylene, C 3, C 4, C 4 H 2, butadiene, C 5, HCN, H 2, H 2 O, N 2, CH 2 OH, CNN, CNC, CNCOCN, C 6 H 6, & HNC, plus graphite C(gr) Note, for FIAT comparison, only a subset of the given table at 100 K increments was used ACE CEA Same 25 gas phase species and graphite from CEA database ACE JANNAF 23 gas phase species (no CNCOCN & CH 2 OH) and solid carbon from JANNAF 88 database ACE JANNAF Livermore 25 gas phase species total: 18 gas phase species from JANNAF 88 database (no C 1 through C 5 ) plus 7 gas phase carbon species (C 1 through C 7 ) and solid carbon from Livermore data. 4
5 In-Depth Material Response Codes Charring Material Ablator (CMA) 87S 1990 s version code Decoupled surface energy balance and in-depth decomposition Modified from original version to include an implicit pyrolysis gas formulation Fully Implicit Ablation and Thermal response (FIAT) 3.0 Modern day successor of CMA Fully implicit algorithm (except for radiation term) Both codes used the same grid, 1 region, 120 mesh points, geometric spacing, 3% growth factor 5
6 B'c Mutation CEA versus ACE CEA - I P = 1 atm ACE CEA Mutation Increasing B g Increasing B g Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = 0.82 B'g = 0.8 B'g = B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.78 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0.01 B'g = B'g = 10 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = 0.82 B'g = 0.8 B'g = B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.78 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0.01 B'g =
7 Enthalpy (cal/g) Mutation CEA versus ACE CEA - II P = 1 atm ACE CEA Mutation Increasing B g Increasing B g Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = 0.82 B'g = 0.8 B'g = B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.78 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0.01 B'g = B'g = 10 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = 0.82 B'g = 0.8 B'g = B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.78 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0.01 B'g =
8 B'c ACE CEA vs. JANNAF Surface Thermochemistry - I P = 1 atm CEA JANNAF Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 8
9 Enthalpy (cal/g) ACE CEA vs. JANNAF Surface Thermochemistry - II P = 1 atm CEA JANNAF Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 9
10 B'c ACE CEA vs. JANNAF Livermore Thermochemistry - I P = 1 atm CEA JANNAF Livermore Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 10
11 Enthalpy (cal/g) ACE CEA vs. JANNAF Livermore Thermochemistry - II P = 1 atm CEA JANNAF Livermore Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 B'g = 10 B'g = 8 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.8 B'g = 1.6 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.4 B'g = 1.3 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1.2 B'g = 1.15 B'g = 1.1 B'g = 1.05 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.95 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.81 B'g = B'g = B'g = 0.8 B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.65 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.55 B'g = 0.5 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.4 B'g = 0.35 B'g = 0.3 B'g = 0.25 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0 11
12 Pyrolysis Gas Enthalpy 12
13 B'c CMA Mutation CEA Surface State Trajectory - I secs 1 secs Problem 2.2 Problem secs secs secs secs B'g 13
14 B'c CMA Mutation CEA Surface State Trajectory - II P = 1 atm Mutation 1 secs 60 secs 0.0 secs 0.1 secs Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = 0.82 B'g = 0.8 B'g = B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.78 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0.01 B'g = Problem 2.2 Problem
15 Enthalpy (cal/g) CMA Mutation CEA Surface State Trajectory - III P = 1 atm Mutation 60 secs 0 secs Temperature (K) B'g = 10 B'g = 5 B'g = 3 B'g = 2 B'g = 1.5 B'g = 1.25 B'g = 1 B'g = 0.9 B'g = 0.85 B'g = 0.82 B'g = 0.8 B'g = B'g = 0.79 B'g = 0.78 B'g = 0.75 B'g = 0.7 B'g = 0.6 B'g = 0.45 B'g = 0.2 B'g = 0.15 B'g = B'g = 0.1 B'g = 0.05 B'g = 0.01 B'g = Problem 2.2 Problem
16 Observations Significant difference between Mutation CEA and ACE CEA B c, B g and temperature profiles similar Enthalpies exhibit significant difference in regions of low B gs and high enthalpies Differences between CEA and JANNAF models occur mainly in the vaporization regime Sample problems traverse a limited range of thermochemical conditions Problems do not traverse the vaporization regime where there are significant differences between CEA and JANNAF models Problems do not traverse into the high enthalpy(temperature) regime where significant differences between Mutation CEA and ACE CEA occur No significant differences in pyrolysis gas enthalpy between all models Do not expect significant differences between thermochemical models for these test problems 16
17 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - I 17
18 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - II 18
19 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - I CMA Overshoot 19
20 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - II 20
21 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - I 21
22 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - II 22
23 Problem CMA Mutation CEA Subset vs. FIAT Mutation CEA Subset - III 23
24 Problem 2.3 CMA ACE CEA vs. Mutation CEA - I T = 45 K 24
25 Problem 2.3 CMA ACE CEA vs. Mutation CEA - II s = -2.7% 25
26 Problem CMA ACE CEA vs. ACE JANNAF - I 26
27 Problem CMA ACE CEA vs. ACE JANNAF - II s = 2.7% 27
28 Problem CMA ACE CEA vs. ACE JANNAF Livermore - I 28
29 Problem CMA ACE CEA vs. ACE JANNAF Livermore - II s = 4.7% 29
30 Final Observations CMA and FIAT exhibit excellent temperature agreement for Problems 2.1 and 2.3 Small temperature overshoot observed by CMA compared to FIAT at early times for Problem 2.2 Excellent recession history agreement between CMA & FIAT for Problems 2.2 & 2.3 Small differences in temperature and recession observed between all thermochemistry models Largest difference occurs between CEA and JANNAF Livermore where JANNAF Livermore recession is approximately 5% higher 30
31 References 1. Gordon, S. and B. J. McBride, Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications I. Analysis, NASA RP-1311, October Gordon, S. and B. J. McBride, Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications II. User's Manual and Program Description, NASA RP P2, June Chase, M.W., NIST JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3 rd Edition. April H.R Leider, O.H Krikorian, D.A Young, Thermodynamic properties of carbon up to the critical point, Carbon, Volume 11, Issue 5, October 1973, Pages Lee, E.L. Sanborn, R.H., Extended and Improved Thermal Functions for the Gaseous Carbon Species C(1)-C(7) from 298 to 10,000 K, High Temperature Science, Volume 5, 1973, Pages Moyer, C. B. and R. Rindal, An Analysis of the Coupled Chemically Reacting Boundary Layer and Charring Ablator, NASA CR-1061, Kendal R., A General Approach to the Thermochemical Solution of Mixed Equilibrium- Nonequilibrium, Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Systems, NASA CR-1064, De Mûelenaere, J. et al., Stagnation line approximation for ablation thermochemistry, AIAA , 42nd AIAA Thermophysics Conference, June 2011, Honolulu, Hawaii 9. Chen, Y.K. and Milos, Frank S., Ablation and Thermal Response Program for Spacecraft Heatshield Analysis, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 36, No. 3, May-June pgs
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