Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(3): Research Article

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1 Available olie Joural of Chemical ad Pharmaceuical Researc 05, 7(3):0-0 Research Aricle ISSN : CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Research o iceive ad cosrai model of miliar erus o eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li* Dearme of Logisical Iformaio & Logisics Egieerig, Logisical Egieerig Uiversi, Chogqig, Chia Dearme of Peroleum Sul Egieerig, Logisical Egieerig Uiversi, Chogqig, Chia ABSTRACT Miliar erus o eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials is a imora wa for imrovig reserve beefi ad reducig reserve coss. Aimig a he roblem of asmmeric iformaio i he rocess of eerrise age reserve, his aer use eerrise i he ursui of maximize heir ow uili while meeig he miliar uili maximizaio as he goal, use he ricial-age heor o esablish a log-erm ad shor-erm iceive ad cosrai model of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, ad aalze he model i deail, he us forward some suggesios for esablishig iceive ad cosrai mechaism of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials. Ke words: war geeral maerials, eerrise age reserve, iceive ad cosrai model INTRODUCTION Eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, refers o a behavior of he miliar erus o eerrise age reserve, for he urose of reducig he coss of war geeral maerials reserve ad imrovig he usig efficiec of reserve fuds. Amog hem, he owershi of war geeral maerials belogs o he eerrise, he eerrise resosible for reserve; The righ of use belog o he miliar, eerrise ca use age reserve mee a war wihou miliar aroval; A ordiar imes he miliar will give eerrise cerai subsid, o romoe eerrise ake good care of war geeral maerials, ad esure he quali ad quai of war geeral maerials iac; Whe miliar use war geeral maerials i case of emergec, miliar will be seled wih eerrise accordig o he use of war geeral maerials umbers ad is marke rices. Therefore, he miliar ad he eerrise siged he followig corac i essece: he miliar erus eerrise ake care of war geeral maerials, eerrise ake good care of war geeral maerials accordig o he reques of he miliar, he miliar will give eerrise cerai subsid accordig o he reserve saus of war geeral maerials. I ca clearl be see, bewee he miliar ad he eerrise is a kid of ricial -- age relaio. I his case, he miliar ad he eerrise goals are icosise, he miliar s goal is o esure he quali ad quai of war geeral maerials iac, ad give he subsid as lile as ossible; Bu eerrise ake o maximize heir ow ieress as he goal, uder a fixed subsid case, eerrise ma reduce he maower ad geeral maerials resources, edager he safe of war geeral maerials. I addiio, he miliar ad he eerrise iformaio is asmmeric, he eerrise has more iformaio ha he miliar, ad he miliar is o ossible o do eire regulaio o eerrise reserve rocess due o he high cos of regulaio. This iformaio asmmer will geerae ricial-age roblem, ha is, he eerrise ma be ursue he maximizaio of heir ow ieress a sacrifice he exese of he ieress of he miliar. So he miliar mus desig a iceive ad cosrai mechaism, ecourage ad guide eerrise o ake acio o maximize heir ow ieress, bu also full i lie wih he miliar s ieress. Therefore, his aer will use he ricial-age heor o esablish a log-erm ad shor-erm 0

2 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 iceive ad cosrai model of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, ad aalze he model i de rovide a heoreical basis for esablish effecive eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials iceive ad cosrai mechaism. MODEL PREMISE, VARIABLE AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC Model remise () Iformaio asmmer bewee he wo sides of he game. I he rocess of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, he miliar is he ricial, he eerrise is he age, eerrise have ieral iformaio advaage, he miliar is uable o full observe ad udersad he exe of he effors of eerrise, a a iformaio disadvaage, bu he miliar ca observed he effor resul of eerrise, amel he quai ad quali of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials. () Uder he cosrai of objecive codiios, he miliar ad he eerrise are able o make oimal raioal choice o achieve heir ow decisio goals. (3) War geeral maerials reserve saus exce direcl relaed wih he eerrise s ow effors, reserve faciliies codiio ad oher facors, bu also iflueced b some beod eerrise s ow corol objecive codiios ad radom eves, herefore, he fial reserve saus of war geeral maerials ma be ucerai, he miliar ad he eerrise decisio-makig cosequeces exis some ucerai. (4) The sequeial of decisio-makig is as follows: Miliar sig a age reserve corac wih eerrise, he corac secif he wa ad sadard o eerrise subsid. Uder ormal circumsaces, he eerrise subsid icludes wo ars, oe ar is a fixed subsid, ha is a ecessar exese of eerrise durig reserve rocess of war geeral maerials; The oher ar is he iceive subsid, such as bous, direcl liked wih he achieveme of eerrise reserve war geeral maerials. The eerrise accordig o corac ad heir ow reserve faciliies codiio, selec he aroriae acio o make heir beefi maximum. I he rocess of eerrise reserve war geeral maerials, some objecive eves ma occur ha beod he eerrise corol, herefore, he eerrise s ow effors, reserve faciliies codiio ad some radom eves ogeher deermie he quali ad quai of war geeral maerials. 3Because of he asmmeries of iformaio, miliar uable o deermie he reserve saus of war geeral maerials is how much exe aroused b he eerrise s effor, bu miliar ca observe he quali ad quai of war geeral maerials, ad give eerrise corresodig subsid accordig o he corac siged before. Model variable () Eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials acual iveor value is geeral maerials is a ime ); () Eerrise s effor for he reserve of war geeral maerials is ( he acual iveor value of war ( he effor degree of eerrise is a ime ); (3) Eerrise reserve faciliies codiio for he reserve of war geeral maerials is q (eerrise reserve faciliies codiio is a ime, is relaed o he revious eriod eerrise effor degree, ha is q q ), i q should be oed ha, whe q 0, q 0 he eerrise reserve behavior, is a cosa); ( is he corac iiial eerrise reserve faciliies codiio, i is o affeced b (4) I he rocess of reserve war geeral maerials, he ifluece ha eerrise affeced b ouside ucorolled radom eves is. Model variable characerisic () I he rocess of eerrise reserve war geeral maerials, miliar is uable o gras he eerrise effor degree, bu he miliar ca hrough he isecio, observed he i kid war geeral maerial s (assumig kee a oal ofl kids war geeral maerials) quali grade quai x m i m ( assumig a oal of k quali grade) ad war geeral maerials i i his quali grade, he accordig o observaio calculae war geeral maerials acual iveor value. I is calculaed as: he miliar deermies he rice of war geeral maerials s m ) grade reasoabl i advace, ( i, l; mi, k ( i ), he hrough he formula for differe quali l k i mi s( m ) x, i mi 03

3 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 calculae acual iveor value of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials. () The eerrise effor degree ca be regarded as he siuaio ha eerrise execues warehouse maageme ssem, icludig warehouse isecio, regular maieace, moisure, emeraure corol ec. Obviousl, he eerrise effor degree is direcl affec he war geeral maerials quali grade, quai m i ad iveor value. I addiio, he eerrise reserve faciliies codiio q ca be regarded as eerrise owed various kids of hardware faciliies ad equime for war geeral maerials reserve, such as hree-dimesioal warehouse, a varie of sorage devices ad moiorig ework. Similarl, he eerrise reserve faciliies codiio q will m i direcl affec he war geeral maerials quali grade, quai ad iveor value. For he coveiece of calculaio, assumig eerrise effor degree ad reserve faciliies codiio q are direc liear correlae wih acual iveor value, is q. (3) is a radom variable, ad mee he ormal disribuio, ad,. There are ma facors imac war geeral maerials acual iveor value, such as climae, evirome, war geeral maerials ihere quali ad social securi ec, hese facors are ideede of each oher, ad he geeraed imac of each facor is o grea, ad heir combied effec ca be aroximael regarded as a ormal radom variable. The variace x mi E( ) 0 m i V ( ) value is greaer illusrae he radom variable o eerrise war geeral maerials reserve ierferece is bigger, war geeral maerials acual iveor value ma occur greaer volaili i differe eriods. MODEL FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS War geeral maerials acual iveor value fucio The war geeral maerials acual iveor value is q of eerrise effor degree ad reserve faciliies codiio q o so also mee he ormal disribuio,, E( ) q, V ( ). ad resecivel are he imac facor. Because mee he ormal disribuio, Eerrise subsid fucio The miliar siged a corac wih he eerrise, siulaig if eerrise reaches war geeral maerials reserve requiremes, he miliar will give eerrise subsid as a ecourageme. Assumig subsid fucio is liear fucio; uses w rerese he subsid ha eerrise obaied, w h. Amog hem: rerese he fixed subsid of miliar give eerrise, he chage of fixed subsid h will o cause he chage of eerrise effor degree ; rerese he ifluece coefficie, he chage of will cause he chage of eerrise subsid, ad he cause eerrise choose he differe effor degree. I he case of oher facors remai uchaged, he rise of ifluece coefficie will cause he icrease of eerrise subsid w, hus make he eerrise work harder ( go u), so he eerrise effor degree is he moooicall icreasig fucio abou he ifluece coefficie, amel () ad ( ) 0. Therefore, durig he corac eriod, he miliar ca hrough deermie reasoable fixed subsid h ad ifluece coefficie for he eerrise o ecourage eerrise o selec he oimal acio. Miliar ad eerrise earigs fucio () Miliar earigs fucio The war geeral maerials acual iveor value of miliar erus eerrise reserve is aid o eerrise is w, uses rerese miliar s earigs, so: h x, he subsid of miliar w h ( ) h ( )( q ) () () Eerrise earigs fucio Eerrise eed aid effor cos while obaied subsid, so he eerrise s earigs is he subsid mius he effor cos. Assumig he eerrise s effor cos fucio is c ( ), uses x rerese eerrise s earigs, so: () h ( q ) ) x w ) Due o he eerrise s effor cos ) is deermied for hemselves, herefore, afer he corac is siged, 04

4 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 accordig o he chage degree of differe effor effor * make hemselves earigs x maximum. ) brough o cos ), eerrise will selec he oimal The eerrise s effor cos fucio is icreasig fucio of he eerrise s effor degree, ad wih he effor degree icrease, he margial cos icrease. Tha is, he eerrise s effor cos fucio has he followig roeries:,. I addiio, if he eerrise does work,, he effor cos. ) 0 c ( ) 0 0 For he coveiece of calculaio, his aer assumig he eerrise s effor cos fucio is ( ) c. 0) 0 Miliar ad eerrise uili fucio Ecoomic ages have differe aiudes oward risk deermie each have differe uili fucio, while i differe uili fucio codiios, various cosrai codiios siulaed i he corac will guide aricias ake differe acios. Now follow he usuall assumio of he iformaio ecoomics, regard he ricial (miliar) as risk eural, he age (eerrise) as a risk aversio. () Miliar uili fucio The miliar is risk eural, is execaio of earigs uili is equal o he uili of execaio earigs, amel E( u( )) u( E( )). Amog hem, rerese miliar s earigs, u rerese uili fucio, ad is a moooicall icreasig liear fucio [3-4].Therefore, if miliar wa o realize he maximize execed uili, i ca be achieved hrough maximize execed reveue. Because follow ormal disribuio, ad h ( )( q ), so also follow ormal disribuio. Tha E( u( )) E( ) h ( )( q) E( ) E( u( )) is. Therefore, he miliar s execed uili maximize ca be rasformed io: max E( u( )) (3) max E( ) max h ( )( q ) ()Eerrise uili fucio Eerrise is risk aversio, ad is ursui is earigs brough he uili maximizaio, which is eerrise will choose he aroriae acio uder he exisig cosrai codiios o make is execed uili maximizaio. x Assumig he uili fucio of eerrise has cosa absolue risk aversio characerisics, u( x) e, amog hem, is he measure of absolue risk aversio of eerrise, x is cororae eerrise earigs. The calculaio formula for is u ( x), if 0, rerese eerrise is risk aversio; If 0 u( x), rerese eerrise is risk referece. This aer assumig eerrise is risk aversio, so 0 eural; If 0 Accordig o he defiiio of execaio: ( xe( V ( X ) [ E( x) V ( x)], rerese eerrise is risk x E( u( e e dx e V ( x) (4). Accordig o he defiiio of cerai equivale(ce for shor),uder ucerai codiios,he eerrise obaied earigs brough execed uili is equal o he eerrise obaied full deermie earig CE brough x uili, E( u( u( CE). Therefore, accordig o he formula (4) ad u( x) e, ca rove ha he eerrise uder he ucerai codiios obaied full deermie earigs are: CE E( x) V ( x) (5) This idicae uder he siuaio of assume he uili fucio is u x ( x) e ad he risk aversio is 0 eerrise s cerai earigs is lower ha execed earigs, his ga is V ( x), his is he rice eerrise voluar aid for o avoid he risk, also kow as he risk remium., he 05

5 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 Because disribuio, ha is, are: x h ( q ) follow ormal disribuio, ad ) h ( q ) ), V ( x) E(x) ( ) h ( q ) ), so x also follow ormal. So he eerrise s cerai earigs CE (6) Sice E( u( u( CE), o realize eerrise execed uili realize x u( x) e u(ce) maximizaio, hrough0 moooicall icreasig, So i order o realize E( u( maximizaio is equal o, we ca kow he eerrise s uili fucio is u(ce) maximizaio, eerrise ol eed o ake aroriae acio o make heir cerai equivale CE maximum. I addiio, eerrise obaied execed uili hrough war geeral maerials reserve cao be lower ha egage i oher busiess, is meaig is he eerrise s execed uili ca lower ha he oorui cos, oherwise, he eerrise is uwillig o uderake he work of age reserve war geeral maerials. THE INCENTIVE AND CONSTRAINT MODEL OF WAR GENERAL MATERIALS ENTERPRISE AGENT RESERVE Usuall, he ricial will be subjec o wo cosrais from he age while realizig heir ow uili maximizaio. Oe is he age s iceive comaibili cosrai (IC for shor), because of asmmeric iformaio, he ricial ca observe he age s acio, ad he desired oimal acio maximizig he uili of he age behavior, oherwise, he age will ake measures o realize heir ow uili maximizaio; Aoher is he idividual raioali cosrai (IR for shor), he execed uili of he age from he corac ca be lower ha egage i oher busiess [7-8]. As a resul of he eerrise ca achieve he execed value of subsid i he corac is clearl, accordig his, eerrise will comare i wih he earigs ad coss of he acio of heir ow able o choose. Therefore, for he miliar, he roblem of eerrise war geeral maerials eerrise age reserve iceive ad cosrai mechaism ca be exressed as uder he cosrai of eerrise iceive comaible cosrai ad ersoal ariciaio cosrai, how ca he miliar realize heir ow execed uili maximizaio. * of ricial ca ol be achieved b The shor-erm iceive ad cosrai model of war geeral maerials eerrise age reserve I he shor-erm model, he ricial -age model basic srucure ca be exressed as: max h ( )( * q ) (7) s. max h ( q ) ) h ( q ) ) CE * (9) Formula (7) show ha he miliar should deermie a reasoable fixed subsid h (8) ad iceive coefficie, make * accordig o h is earigs execaio maximizaio ( assumig eerrise will ake he oimal acio ad ); Formula (8) is he iceive comaible cosrai, accordig o he corac which eerrise siged wih he miliar( h o make he execed uili maximum, ad have bee clear ), eerrise selec he oimal acio * accordig o he defiiio of cerai equivale, i is equivale o make he cerai equivale CE maximum; Formula (9) is he idividual raioali cosrai, he eerrise s cerai equivale ca be less ha he oorui cos CE *. s. max acio of eerrise is: * (A his ime, is cosa) (0) B he formula (8) ake he ecessar codiio of maximum value is 0, we ca obai he oimal I order o obai he oimal iceive coefficie of miliar, esablish Lagrage fucio for formula (7) ad (9): 06

6 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 L h ( From L 0 h L ( * Make )( * q ) h ( * q ) *) CE * (), we ca obai q ) *) CE *, brig io formula (), we ca obaied: () L 0 coefficie of miliar is: *, ad kow he eerrise s oimal acio * ad ( *) * c, so he oimal iceive (3) A his ime, he war geeral maerials acual iveor value is: * (4) q * q The log-erm iceive ad cosrai model of war geeral maerials eerrise age reserve I he log-erm model, he followig marked idicae he value of each variable a eriod, so he cerai equivale of eerrise seleced he oimal acio is: ( ) h * q ( *) q *) CE (5) eriod, Assumig rereses he discou facor of he 0 ake from he eriod zero o eriod. Sice he age reserve rojec ha miliar siged wih eerrise are geerall sable, as log as he value is relaivel large, i ma rerese a log-erm effec. I he log-erm model, he ricial -age model basic srucure ca be exressed as: max 0 h ( ) * q ( *) h q ( ) s. max 0 ) h q ( ) CE * 0 ) 0, he ime variable (6) (7) (8) The sigificace of he above hree formulas are similar o he shor-erm model. Amog hem, b0 is a q k cosa; 0,,, so ; s. max ). B he formula (8) ake he ecessar codiio of maximum value is: 0 ( 0,, ), we ca obai he eerrise oimal acio i each eriod is: * ( k ),( 0,, ) (9) *,( ) (0) Similar as he shor-erm model, i order o obai he oimal iceive coefficie of miliar i log-erm, 07

7 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 esablish Lagrage fucio for formula (6) ad (8): L 0 As a resul of h ( ) * q ( *) L 0 h, we ca obaied * q ( *) L 0 *) * CE L h * q ( *) 0 *) CE * (), ad brig i io formula (), we ca obaied: () * Make 0, ad brig ( k ), *, *) * ad q k io his formula, we ca ge he miliar give he oimal iceive coefficie o eerrise i log-erm cooeraio is : ( k ) 0 * ( k ) 0 0 (3) The, he war geeral maerials acual iveor value i each eriod is: ( k ) q,( 0 ) (4) * 0 0 *( k ( k ) * q ),(,, ) (5) *( k q ),( * ) (6) ANALYSIS OF INCENTIVE AND CONSTRAINT MODEL OF WAR GENERAL MATERIALS ENTERPRISE AGENT RESERVE Through aalsis of he log-erm ad shor-erm iceive ad cosrai model of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, we ca ge some reasoable suggesios ad measures o esablish a effecive iceive ad cosrai mechaism. () Reduce he roorio of fixed subsid, imrove he iceive subsid roorio. From formula (4), (4), (5), (6) ca be see ha he war geeral maerials acual iveor value is osiivel relaed o he eerrise effor degree i each eriod. Also from formula (0), (9), (0) ca be see ha he eerrise effor degree is osiivel relaed o he ifluece coefficie, bu ohig o do wih he fixed subsid h.therefore, he miliar should make he eerrise cos subsid egged o is reserve achieveme(war geeral maerials acual iveor value), reduce he roorio of fixed subsid, imrove he iceive subsid roorio, i order o mobilize he ehusiasm of eerrise reserve war geeral maerials. ()Ecourage eerrise raise he caaci o uderake risk. From formula (3), (3) ca be see ha he iceive coefficie is egaivel relaed o he eerrise risk aversio degree i equilibrium sae. So he oimal iceive coefficie ca be see as a combiaio of iceive ad risk exressio. As a resul of eerrise is risk aversio, so 0, his ime, if, idicaig ha he eerrise do o have he caaci o uderake risk, war geeral maerials reserve risk ca ol be uderake b he miliar(i would be difficul o esure he quali ad quai of war geeral maerials iac i his case), he he iceive coefficie is zero, eerrise ca ol ge fixed subsid h ; if, from formula (5) ca be see ha he eerrise risk remium is, Whe 08

8 He Dig-ag ad Zhag Pei-li J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 05, 7(3):0-0 he iceive coefficie is fixed, wih he icreases of, degree will offse some of he iceive effec of he iceive coefficie will icrease, which meas he risk aversio, eerrise will lose heir moivaio o work hard. Therefore, esablishig he iceive ad cosrai mechaism of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, he miliar should o ol make he eerrise cos subsid egged o is reserve achieveme, bu also ecourage eerrise o raise he caaci o uderake risk. (3) Overcome shor-erm effec; esablish log-erm iceive ad cosrai mechaism. From formula (0), (9), (0) ca be see ha he eerrise effor degree is osiivel relaed o he ifluece coefficie, ad ohig o do wih he fixed subsid. Noabl, I log-erm coracs, he eerrise effor degree i he fial sage is less ha he oher sages effor degree ( k ). As a resul of he war geeral * maerials acual iveor value q codiio q, ad from formula k 0 * is direcl relaed o he eerrise effor degree ad reserve faciliies ca be see ha he eerrise reserve faciliies codiio is osiivel relaed o he eerrise ro-hase effor degree. Therefore, i order o esure he quali ad quai of war geeral maerials iac for a log ime, he miliar should esablish log-erm effecive iceive ad cosrai mechaism, make he eerrise cos subsid egged o is log-erm reserve achieveme, overcome he shor-erm effec, ecourage eerrise o ursue heir ow log-erm ieress, hereb workig hard for he log-erm ieress of miliar. (4) Ecourage eerrise o imrove reserve faciliies codiio. From formula (4), (4), (5), (6) ca be see ha he war geeral maerials acual iveor value is osiivel relaed o he reserve faciliies codiio q ad ifluece coefficie,(he ifluece coefficie is deermied b reserve faciliies quali, equime quai ad oher facors. he greaer ifluece coefficie, he more ifluece o he war geeral maerials acual iveor value). As a resul of he iceive coefficie will affec he eerrise effor degree, ad he eerrise reserve faciliies codiio is osiivel relaed o he eerrise ro-hase effor degree, so icreasig he iceive coefficie will imrove he reserve faciliies codiio q, hus icrease he ifluece coefficie. Therefore, he miliar should be argeed ecourage eerrise o imrove reserve faciliies codiio, his ca o ol icrease he eerrise effor degree, bu also ca icrease he ifluece coefficie, so as o imrove he war geeral maerials acual iveor value. (5) Esablish reasoable warehouse maageme regulaio. From formula (4), (4), (5), (6) ca be see ha he war geeral maerials acual iveor value is osiivel relaed o he ifluece coefficie, also from formula (0), (9), (0) ca be see ha he eerrise effor degree is osiivel relaed o he ifluece coefficie. The greaer ifluece coefficie idicaes ha he effec of eerrise effor degree o he war geeral maerials acual iveor value is greaer. The ifluece coefficie is deermied b eerrise warehouse maageme regulaio ad oher facors. Therefore, eerrise should esablish reasoable warehouse maageme regulaio accordig o he ask of age reserve, i order o icrease he ifluece coefficie, so as o imrove he war geeral maerials acual iveor value. CONCLUSION Effecive iceive ad cosrai mechaism is a imora ar of miliar erus o eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials. Through aalsis of he log-erm ad shor-erm iceive ad cosrai model of eerrise age reserve war geeral maerials, we ca ge o some coclusios, he miliar should esablish a log-erm effecive iceive ad cosrai mechaism, reduce he fixed subsid, icrease iceive iesi, romoe eerrise o imrove reserve faciliies codiio ad raise he caaci o uderake risks b he wa of iceive as far as ossible, ad ecourage eerrise o esablish a reasoable warehouse maageme regulaio, so ha make he eerrise o maximize heir ow uili while meeig he miliar uili maximizaio. Ackowledgemes This work is suored b he Naural Sciece Foudaio Projec of CQ CSTC (Gra# csc0bb0045), ad he Naural Sciece Foudaio Projec of CQ CSTC (Gra# csc00bb900), hak for he hel. 09

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