Fields. Electric Field Strength Section 13.6
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1 Fields Electric Field Strength Section 13.6
2 Outcomes In this lesson you will : define electric field strength and use the definition to express the concept mathematically use Coulomb's Law to write a second expression for electric field strength compare electric field strength with gravitational field strength determine the electric field strength at a particular point due to the presence of one or more charged objects.
3 Gravitational Field Strength What is the gravitational field strength at the earth s surface?? g 9.8 N kg That means every 1 kg of mass experiences 9.8 N of gravitational force AT THE EARTH S SURFACE The gravitational field varies depending on the distance from the centre of the earth. Where would you go to experience a lesser gravitational field of the Earth? Higher than the Earth s surface
4 Introduction to Electric Field Strength You can exert a force on things because you have strength. Since an electric field exerts a force on a charge that is in the field, the field must also have strength. Say that the test charge in the picture is being repelled with an electric force of 10 N. Further, assume that the test charge q t is 2.0 C.
5 Question What is the force per coulomb on the test charge? Answer 10 N on 2.0 C means 5 N per C, or 5 N/C. 5 N/C (or 10 N 2 C) is the Electric Field Strength represented by the symbol in the previous picture. Therefore, electric field strength at a particular point in the field is the force per unit charge at that point, or in mathematical terms: F q e t
6 The units of electric field strength are N/C. If it becomes critical that the direction be maintained in the computations, we will compute the magnitude E from: Fe q t And then add the appropriate direction to the final answer if required. In many textbooks the term electric field strength (or intensity) is shortened to electric field.
7 Examples: 1.A charged rubber balloon has an electric field intensity around it. At a particular point in the field a test charge of 2.5 nc 4 experiences an electric force of N A) What is the electric field strength at that point?
8 B) If a test charge of 4.5 mc was placed at that same point, what force would it experience?
9 C) If the test charge was 20. cm from the centre of the balloon what is the charge on the balloon?
10 D) How many extra electrons does the balloon have?
11 Page 557 #1 Page 584 # 59, 60, 62
12 Different Form of Formula The electric field strength can also be determined from the charge on the object, and the distance from the object. To do this we derive a new form of using Coulomb s Law.
13 Consider Charged Object d Distance from centre of charged object to test charge Q Test charge q Q and q are the respective charges on the charged object and the test charge F e q kqq d q 2 2 kqq 1 d kq q d 2
14 Examples for kq 2 d 1.The ball of a Van der Graff generator has a charge of 7.0 nc on it. What is the electric field at a distance of 200. cm from the centre of the ball?
15 Examples for kq 2 d 2.The electric field is 2.6 x 10 3 N/C at a point 68.4 cm from a charged object. What is the charge on the object? (Express the charge in micro coulombs)
16 Examples for kq 2 d 3.At what distance from a point charge of 6.2 mc is the electric field 4.2 x 10 2 N/C?
17 Examples for kq 2 d 4.The ball of a Van der Graff generator has an excess of 3.0 T electrons. A) What is the electric field acting on a 1.0 pc test charge located 1.0 m from the generator? B) What is the force acting on the test charge?
18 Page 557 # 3 Page 584 # 63, 65
19 Electric Fields around or between Multiple Charges Linear charges Find the electric field at the midpoint between the charges below
20 Find the electric field at the point X X 0.50 m A mc 1.0 m 2.0 m B mc N o AX E N C N o BX S E C N o X N E C
21
22 Public questions from June 2007 exam A negatively charged particle with a mass of kg is at rest between two horizontal parallel charged plates as shown. If there is an excess of 5.0 x 10 2 electrons on the particle, calculate the electric field strength between the parallel plates.
23 Page 557 # 4 Page 584 # 61, 64, 66, 67, 68
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