Electron-Ion Collider for Nuclear and Particle Physics. Hugh Montgomery Jefferson Lab

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1 Electron-Ion Collider for Nuclear and Particle Physics Hugh Montgomery Jefferson Lab

2 Input to Talk Abhay Deshpande's EICAC talk to Jefferson Lab Users Zein-Eddine's EICAC talk is at nfid=727 Richard Milner's talk at EIC14 is at 1_TALK.PDF&hcheck=481C104FDF7CBE67F07A BB4B Janwei Qiu EIC talk at Santa Fe QCD Evolution Conference: Rolf Ent, talk at INFN, CSN I Meeting, Elba materialid=slides&confid=7567 H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 2 July

3 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the efforts of many people, the conveners/authors of the White Paper, the authors of the talks cited on the previous pages from whom I took lots of material, the membership of the Electron Ion Collider Advisory Committee and colleagues Rolf Ent, Berndt Mueller, and Bob McKeown. H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 3 July

4 Framework Background Current Program Electron Ion Collider a QCD Laboratory Current status of Projects Political Status Summary H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 4 July

5 Current Program RHIC Spin and Heavy Ion Programs FNAL (JPARC) Drell Yan program Compass Muon scattering Jefferson Lab 12 GeV H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 5 July

6 RHIC II Science Program RHIC-II upgrade complete Luminosity upgrade via 3-D stochastic cooling EBIS, 56MHz cavity, e-lenses, etc. Si vertex detectors in STAR and PHENIX Install low energy e-cooling in 2017 Install sphenix upgrade in 2020 Complete the RHIC Mission in 3 campaigns: 2014/15/16: Heavy flavor probes of the QGP (location unknown) 2018/19: High intensity Beam Energy Scan II 2021/22: Precision jet and quarkonium physics Beam Energy Scan II Heavy Flavor Tracker enables precision measurements of interactions of heavy quarks in the quarkgluon plasma Low-energy e-cooling will improve statistics at s < 20 GeV for high quality measurements of fluctuation properties in search of critical point in QCD phase diagram H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 6 July

7 Jefferson Lab CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade Civil Construction essentially complete Accelerator in commissioning 5 passes this week, 10.5 GeV in May Physics Sub-Project Hall A operational Hall D/GlueX in advanced installation Commissioning starts Fall this year Hall B detector installation, magnet construction Hall C infrastructure installation, detectors ready, magnet construction H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 7 July

8 Jefferson Lab CEBAF 12 GeV Physics The Hadron spectra as probes of QCD (GluEx and heavy baryon and meson spectroscopy) The transverse structure of the hadrons (Elastic and transition Form Factors) The longitudinal structure of the hadrons (Unpolarized and polarized parton distribution functions) The 3D structure of the hadrons (Generalized Parton Distributions and Transverse Momentum Distributions) Hadrons and cold nuclear matter (Medium modification of the nucleons, quark hadronization, N-N correlations, hypernuclear spectroscopy, few-body experiments) Low-energy tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries Valence Region More than 7 years of approved program! H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 8 July

9 Electron Ion Collider: A QCD Laboratory Understanding the 99%, the glue that binds us Tomography of the nucleus Gluon and sea quarks spin orbital angular momentum QCD at high gluon density Quark hadronization in depth H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 9 July

10 Multidimensional Parton Distributions H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 10 July

11 Semi-Inclusive DIS Transverse Momentum Naturally, two scales: high Q localized probe To see quarks and gluons Low p T sensitive to confining scale To see their confined motion Theory QCD TMD factorization Naturally, two planes: l l 1 N N AUT ( h, S ) P N N Collins Sivers A sin( ) A sin( ) A UT Pretzelosity UT h S sin(3 ) h S UT h S H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 11 July

12 Nucleon Tomography Tomographic images of K X /K y of partons as functions of Bjorken-x: u quark distribution for transversely polarized proton. With EIC: low x partonic plots like these are possible! H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 12 July

13 Q 2 = 10 GeV 2 Helicity PDFs at an EIC A Polarized EIC: Tremendous improvement on DG Good improvement in DS Spin Flavor decomposition of the Light Quark Sea current data DG w/ EIC data DS H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 13 July

14 Nuclear Landscape at low x? EMC effect, Shadowing and Saturation: Saturation in R F2 Saturation in F 2 Saturation in F 2 (A) = R F2 decreases until saturation in F 2 (D) Questions: Is nuclear structure function suppressed at small x? Will the suppression continue fall as x decreases? Range of color correlation could impact the center of neutron stars! H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 14 July

15 Gluon Saturation Radiation Recombination Diffractive event H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 15 July

16 Hadronization & Energy Loss in Cold QCD Matter How hadrons emerge from quarks and gluons? Unprecedented n range at EIC: D 0 Control of n and length in the Medium Heavy quark energy loss: - Mass dependence of fragmentation semi-inclusive π DIS pion D 0 H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 16 July

17 Electroweak Physics APV (Cs) (pr 2012) MESA(Mainz) LHeC APV (Cs) H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 17 July

18 The Reach of EIC High Luminosity cm -2 s -1 Low x regime x Luminosity cm. -2 sec E E E E E E E E E+30 EIC HERA (no p pol.) COMPASS EMC JLab 12 HERMES x High Polarization 70% Discovery Potential! H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 18 July

19 Electron Ion Colliders Past Possible Future Europe US China Europe EIC CEIC E CM (GeV) proton x min 1 x x x x x10-3 3x x 10-3 ion p p to Pb p to U p to Pb p to U p to ~ 40 Ca polarization - - p, 3 He p, d, 3 He ( 6 Li) p, d, 3 He p,d L [cm -2 s -1 ] 2 x IP Year Post-12 GeV upgrade to FAIR Followed by FCC-he? Figure-8 Figure-8 Dormant High-Energy Physics Hadron Physics Note: x min ~ Q 2 = 1 GeV 2 H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 19 July

20 Luminosity (10 30 cm -2 s -1 ) The CM Energy vs Luminosity Landscape Lepton-Proton Scattering Facilities CEIC1 = Chinese version of Electron-Ion Collider ( A dilution-free mini-compass ) MEIC1 = EIC@Jlab erhic = EIC@BNL LHeC = ep/ea CERN CEIC2 MEIC2 HL-eRHIC FCC-he } future extensions cms Energy (GeV) H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 20 July

21 Accelerator/Detector R&D & Collaboration Accelerator R&D: Significant level of activity since 2008 Detector designs ideas being BNL ALD asked to evaluate the feasibilities with ephenix and estar Studies of MEIC detector & IR lay out ongoing at Jefferson Lab Since 2010: Detector R&D supported by DOE through BNL An external committee evaluates: new proposals and progress on funded ones every ~6 months. [Next review July 2014] Collaborative groups formed across the US Universities and some European & Asian institutions: Tracking, PID, Calorimetry R&D proposals EIC Users Meeting at Stony Brook University, June 23-27, H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 21 July

22 BNL s EIC Concept erhic ERL + FFAG ring /cm 2 s 15.9 GeV e GeV p or 100 GeV/u Au. ephenix and estar Letters of Intent erhic When completed, erhic will be the most advanced and energy efficient accelerator in the world H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 22 July

23 erhic Interaction Region with b* = 5 cm B. Parker Forward detector components 10 mrad crab-crossing angle 90 degree lattice and beta-beat in adjacent arcs to reach b* of 5 cm and provide effective chromatic corrections p e Crab-cavities Large enough aperture IR SC magnets for forward collision products and with field-free passage for electron beam Recent IR design improvements on the magnet design with electron passage and integration of detector components Electron passage is arranged between SC coils of hadron magnet in this field-free region H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 23 July

24 Jefferson Lab Design 12 GeV CEBAF is electron injector Figure 8 high polarization Crab crossing high luminosity EIC at Jefferson Lab Initial configuration (MEIC): 3-12 GeV on GeV ep/ea collider Upgradable to higher energies 250 GeV protons + 20 GeV electrons Present Activities Site evaluation Design optimization Accelerator, detector R&D Cost estimation H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 24 July

25 EIC: Integrated Interaction Region (IR) & Detector Ions 2 nd ion spectrometer dipole 1 st ion spectrometer dipole Electron downstream CCB Electron spectrometer dipole Electrons 2m separation Vertical dogleg Ion upstream CCB MEIC ring layout Accelerator view of IR Layout Ion downstream CCB Vertical dogleg Ions 2 m separation Electrons Electron upstream CCB IP (50 mrad crossing angle) Nuclear Physics view of IR Layout low-q 2 electron detection large aperture electron quads central detector with endcaps small angle hadron detection ion quads 60 mrad bend ultra forward hadron detection n,γ p p e 50 mrad beam (crab) crossing angle small diameter electron quads Thin exit windows Fixed trackers in vacuum? e Roman pots H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 25 July

26 Electron Ion Collider Energy 20 ~100 GeV High Luminosity cm 2 s -1 Low x regime x High polarizations 70% Ion beams up to U or PB H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 26 July

27 Electron Ion Collider NSAC 2007 Long-Range Plan: An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with polarized beams has been embraced by the U.S. nuclear science community as embodying the vision for reaching the next QCD frontier. EIC would provide unique capabilities for the study of QCD well beyond those available at existing facilities worldwide and complementary to those planned for the next generation of accelerators in Europe and Asia. H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 27 July

28 Electron Ion Collider H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 28 July

29 EIC Developments NSAC Facilities Report (Redwine) EIC absolutely central to future Nuclear Physics EICAC meeting (2/28-3/1, BNL) EIC14 Accelerator workshop at Jefferson Lab (Mar 17-21) EIC Users Meeting SUNY Stony Brook, June 24-27, NSAC Long Range Plan (April 2014 start, due October 2015) H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 29 July

30 Conclusions An Electron Ion Collider is a natural next step in the exploration of the structure of matter and its theory, QCD There is a broad consensus with respect to the essential physics parameters: High Polarization High Luminosity Moderate energy This physics goals are accessible An appropriate machine is buildable The US Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan process will surely consider the issue International participation in the plan for the physics and the construction of the machine and detectors would be welcome. H.E. Montgomery IUPAP WG9 GSI 30 July