PROCESSING QUALITY OF NEW POTATO CULTIVARS FOLLOWING PROLONGED STORAGE

Transcription

1 PRESSIG QUALITY F EW PTAT ULTIVARS FLLWIG PRLGED STRAGE Glenn E. Vogt J.R. Simplot o., aldwell, ID and Ei P. Eldedge and linton. Shok Malheu Expeiment Station egon State Univesity ntaio, R Intodution The mpetitive position of Teasue Valley potato podution and poessing depends on podution effiieny at evey level. The mpetitive position uld be impoved though the identifiation and adoption of potato ultivas with highe yields and bette poessing attibutes than 'Russet Bubank'. Substantial eseah effots ae made eah yea to find bette ultivas, and the best of these ultivas ae enteed into the "Westen Region Ealy- and Late-havest Potato Vaiety Tials". These tials evaluate yield, gade, and poessing quality, but they do not test ultiva poessing quality afte long-tem stoage. Regadless of 'Russet Bubank' shotmings, 'Russet Bubank' tubes ae patiulaly appopiate fo long-tem stoage and poessing out of stoage. These tials wee nduted to evaluate Westen Regional ultiva pefomane fo poessing afte long-tem stoage. Mateials and Methods The details of the Westen Region Ealy- and Late-havest Potato Vaiety Tials in 1999,, and 1 have been epoted peviously (Eldedge et al., ; Shok et al. 1). ultivas wee evaluated fo yield, gade, and poessing quality afte havest. At the time of gading, a sample of tubes fom eah ultiva and eah epliate wee sent to long-tem stoage at 5 F. Tubes wee stoed fo 4-8 months, then they wee evaluated fo solids, dextose, and suose. The tubes fom the ealy-havest tial in 1999 wee stoed fo 4 months, the tubes fom the late-havest tial in wee stoed fo 7 months, and the tubes fom both the ealy- and late-havest tials in 1 wee stoed fo 8 months. Tube solids wee detemined using the weight in ai vs. weight in wate method. Dextose and suose wee detemined using a model 7 YSI Industial Suga Analyze (Yellow Spings Instument o., Yellow Spings, H) using the method of 159

2 Sowokinos and Peston (1988). Fied stips wee evaluated fo USDA fy lo by mpaison against the USDA's lo (USDA 197). Dextose and suose ae epoted in peent fesh weight. "Suga-ends" wee defined as fied tube stips with USDA lo numbe 3 to 4 on two o moe sides, with the lo extending at least 1/4 inh down fom the end of the stip but no moe than one-half the length of the stip. A "suga-end" stip would not have shiveled o shunken tissue at the dak end of the stip. "Dak-ends" wee defined with the same haateistis as suga-ends, but as also having shiveled o shunken tissue at the end of the fied stip, esulting fom llapsed ells. Teatment diffeenes wee mpaed using analysis of vaiane and poteted least signifiant diffeenes at the 5 peent pobability level (LSD (.5)). Diet mpaisons of tube quality at havest with tube quality afte long-tem stoage wee not possible due to the diffeent laboatoy methods used in the two sets of tests. Results and Disussion While all of the ultivas in the Westen Regional Ealy- and Late-poessing Tials ae supposed to be poessing types, 'Russet okotah' is known only as a fesh maket ultiva. In the pesent tials, 'Russet okotah' has been used as a hek vaiety, espeially in mpaison to the okotah lones TXS1' and TXS96 1. 'Russet okotah' and the okotah lones had elatively low solids and high dak-ends and suga-ends mpaed to most of the ultivas tested (Tables 1-5). The elatively poo poessing pefomane of these ultivas was expeted. ultiva type had a signifiant effet on evey potato vaiable epoted fom these tials, exept the peent of USDA numbe 3 fy lo stips. Solids Aveaged ove fou tials, tube solids afte 4-8 months of stoage anged fom 1. peent fo 'Russet okotah' to 6.4 peent fo 'A8779-3' (Table 5). 'Russet Bubank' at.6 peent was among the lowest quate of the ultivas. Tube solids wee stongly influened by yea. This is to be expeted, sine potatoes gown in yeas with substantial heat stess tend to podue lowe solids. Thee wee no signifiant inteation effets of ultiva by yea and no signifiant effets of ealy vs. late havest date on tube solids. Dextose and Suose Aveaged ove fou tials, dextose afte 4-8 months of stoage anged fom.46 peent fo `A914-' to 1.31 peent fo `A 'Russet Bubank' aveaged.85 peent. Dextose vaied geatly between yeas, pobably a efletion of all the envionmental diffeenes expeiened by the tubes duing tube gowth, matuation, havest, and stoage. Thee wee no signifiant inteation effets of ultiva by yea and no signifiant effets of ealy vs. late havest date on dextose. 16

3 Afte 4 to 8 months of stoage, suose anged fom.1 peent fo Russet Bubank to.196 peent fo A ultivas inteated with yea to podue diffeent suose levels, while the effets of yea o ealy o late havest wee not signifiant. Distibution of USDA Fy olo Afte 4-8 months of stoage, the distibution of USDA fy los was vey diffeent between ultivas. The line `A914-' had 9.9 peent fied stips of USDA lo o lighte while `A8893-1' had only.7 peent in the same ategoy. 'Russet Bubank' pefomane was intemediate with 45.5 peent fied stips of USDA lo o lighte. Dak-ends and Suga-ends Aveaged ove fou tials, afte 4-8 months of stoage, 'Russet Bubank' had moe dak-ends than any of the othe ultivas (6.9 peent) and signifiantly moe suga-ends (15.8 peent) than any of the othe ultivas exept 'Russet okotah' (13.5 peent) and `TXS1' (11.5 peent). The poblems of dak-ends and suga-ends in `Russet Bubank' do not appea to be elated to its aveage fy lo, aveage peent suose, o aveage peent dextose. Rathe it is a poblem of the poo distibution of the eduing sugas (measued hee as dextose) and esultant dak fy lo down the length of the fied tube stip. Refeenes Eldedge, E.P., and.. Shok.. Potato vaiety tials at ntaio. egon State Univesity Agiultual Expeiment Station, Speial Repot 115: Eldedge, E.P.,.. Shok, and L.D. Saundes.. Potato Vaiety Tials 1. egon State Univesity Agiultual Expeiment Station, Speial Repot 138: Shok,.., E.P. Eldedge, and L.D. Saundes. 1. Potato vaiety tials. egon State Univesity Agiultual Expeiment Station, Speial Repot 19: Sowokinos, J.R., and D.A. Peston Maintenane of potato poessing quality by hemial matuity monitoing (MM). Minnesota Agiultual Expeiment Station Bulletin USDA USDA's lo standad fo fozen Fenh-fied potatoes. Thid edition. Munsell olo o., Baltimoe, MD. 161

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