Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era

Transcription

1 Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era M. Anholm 1, D. Ashery 2, O. Aviv 2, S. Behling 3, J.A. Behr 4, I. Cohen 2, B. Fenker 3, A. Gorelov 4, G. Gwinner 5, K.P. Jackson 4, T. Kong 1, D. Melconian 3, M.R. Pearson 4, R.A. Pitcairn 1, P. Shidling 3, M. Mehlman 3 1. Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 2. School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 3. Department of Physics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA 4. TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 5. Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

2 SM β decay Beyond SM β decay V A interactions S, T interactions Left handed Right handed T ime Reversal Conserving T ime Reversal V iolation Will Discuss: S interactions Right - Handed ν Time Reversal Violation D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

3 β-decay rate (Jackson, Treiman, Wyld 1957): dw = dw o (1 + p β p ν E β E ν a βν + Γm e E β b + J J [ p β E β A β + p ν E ν B ν + p β p ν E β E ν D] +c[ p β p ν ( p β j)( p ν j) ][ J(J + 1) 3 < ( J j) 2 > ]) 3E β E ν E β E ν J(2J 1) Allows for: V - A, Scalar, Tensor Interactions Left, Right-handed currents Time-reversal violation a βν, b, c, A β, B ν, D: values predicted by the Standard Model Recent review: S. Severijins and M. Beck, Rev. Mod. Phys (2006) Measurements feasible using Atom traps and Radioactive Beams. D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

4 ξ = M F 2 ( C S 2 + C V 2 + C S 2 + C V 2 ) + M GT 2 ( C T 2 + C A 2 + C T 2 + C A 2 ) a βν ξ = M F 2 ( C S 2 + C V 2 C S 2 + C V 2 ) + M GT 2 ( C T 2 C A 2 + C T 3 2 C A 2 ) bξ = ±2Re[ M F 2 (C S CV + C SC V ) + M GT 2 (C T CA + C TC A)] cξ = M GT 2 Λ J J( C T 2 C A 2 + C T 2 C A 2 ) A β ξ = 2Re[± M GT 2 λ J J(C T C T C A C A) + δ J J M GT M F J/(J + 1)(C S C T +C SC T CV C A C V CA)] B ν ξ = 2Re{ M GT 2 λ J J[ m e (C T C A E + C T C A ) ± (C TC T + C AC A )] e δ J J M GT M F J/(J + 1) [(C S C T + C S C T + C V C A + C V C A ) ± m E e (C S C A + C S C A + C V C T + C V C T )]} Dξ = 2Im{δ JJ M F M GT λ J J = Λ J J = J J + 1 (C SCT + C SC T C V CA C V C A)} 1, J J = J 1 1 J+1, J J = J J J+1, J J = J + 1 1, J J = J 1 2J 1 J+1, J J = J J(2J 1) (2J+3)(J+1), J J = J + 1 C i : Interaction Amplitudes (complex) D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

5 C V = g V (a LL + a LR + a RR + a RL ) C V = g V (a LL + a LR a RR a RL ) C A = g A (a LL a LR + a RR a RL ) C A = g A (a LL a LR a RR + a RL ) C S = g S (A LL + A LR + A RR + A RL ) C S = g S (A LL + A LR A RR A RL ) C T = 2g T (α LL + α RR ) C T = 2g T (α LL α RR ) g i : Hadronic Form Factors a ij : Chirality coupling constants i : ν j : quark Standard Model: V - A, left handed g V = 1, g A = (n decay) g a LL = V 2 ud 8M = GeV 2 W 2 a ij, A i,j, α i,j = 0 i, j L, L a βν = y2 3 1 b = 0 c = Λ JJ 1+y 2 y 2 +1, y = C V M F C A M GT A β = λ JJ 2δ JJ y J/(J+1) y 2 +1 B ν = ±λ JJ 2δ JJ y J/(J+1) y 2 +1 D, R = 0 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

6 dw = dw o (1 + Limits on Scalar Boson Interaction p β p ν E β E ν a βν + m e E β b + J J [ p β E β A β + p ν E ν B ν + p β p ν E β E ν D] +c[ p β p ν ( p β j)( p ν j) ][ J(J + 1) 3 < ( J j) 2 > ]) 3E β E ν E β E ν J(2J 1) For pure Fermi decay β ν angular correlation: P (θ) = 1 + b m β E β + a βν v β c cos(θ) a βν = 1 4 g2 S g 2 V a S L 2 + a S R 2 b = ± g S g V Re(a LL a S R ) a LL 2 a S L = A LL + A LR a S R = A RR + A RL SM: b = 0, a βν = 1.0. C S + C S in MSSM, Profumo et al., PRD g s = 1.02 ± 0.11 Gonzalez-Alonso and Camalich PRL (2014) D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

7 Measurement of β ν Angular Correlation in 38m K β+ 38 Ar (10)% 6.5(4)% Q( 38m 19 K) = (12) MeV E x = 130.4(3) kev 7.636(18) min β (6) msec 38 38m 19 K β + 19 K (12)% 5.88(3) % (12)% 4.97(2) (10)% 93.5(4)% 100% Ar % P.M. Endt, Nucl. Phys. A633 (1998) 3.49(2) D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

8 Future ( ) 25MeV e-driver New Front End New Target Station BL4N 500MeV Cyclotron Existing Target Stations ISAC Proposal: By 2013: Add a 25MeV electron driver to supply electrons to one new target Add a new ISAC frontend to deliver a second RIB beam to ISAC By 2015: Add a new beam line from the cyclotron to deliver 500MeV protons to the new target 2008 Sep 24 NRC International Peer Review 22 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

9 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

10 TRINAT DOUBLE MOT TRAPPING SYSTEM 15 cm 55 cm 15 cm Ion beam Funnel beams MCP Push beam hoops Neutralizer BC408 DSSSD Trapping beams βdetector Collection chamber Detection chamber 95% 38gs K + (t 1/2 = 7.64 min) + 5% 38m K + (t 1/2 = s) 100% 38m K, t 1/2 = s neutralization of 38 K + retrap from atomic beam vapor cell trap Torr, t trap 1/2 = 30 s 10 8 Torr 0.75 mm FWHM trap size 0.1% of 38m K trapped 2000 atoms in trap 75% of trapped 38m K moved photoionization of 38m K D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

11 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

12 TRINAT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR 38m K DECAY MCP Recoil detector ν Ar + E x z Ar 0 e + Collimator DSSD Low vacuum volume Scintillator Light guige Collar High vacuum volume Elecrtostatic hoops High recoil collection and detection efficiencies due to E-field Coincident detection of e + and recoils back-to-back Position information both from e + and recoil detectors Possibility to measure p e and p recoil and using them to determine p ν. Chamber geometry suppresses recoiling ion detection from decays on walls and electrostatic hoops D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

13 Resulting β ν Angular Correlation D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

14 Results: A. Gorelov et al., PRL 94, (2005) P (θ) = 1 + b m β E β + a βν v β c cos(θ) For b < 0.04, E β =3.3 MeV Define: ã= a βν 1+b m β E β ã = ± In agreement with the Standard Model. M S > 250GeV with g S 1 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

15 Summary of results for a 32 Ar: E. G. Adelberger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1299(1999) 38m K: A. Gorelov et al., PRL 94, (2005) 21 Na: P.A. Vetter et al., Phys. Rev. C77, (2008) D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

16 Limits on Scalar Interaction D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

17 Limits from the LHC: pp e + m T + X CMS Col. JHEP 08 (2012) 023 V. Cirigliano et. al. JHEP 02 (2013) 046 Data accounted for by known procecces (W,Z etc. decays) σ(m T > m T ) = f(σ i, a i,j ), i,j = V, A, S, T, L, R Upper limits from data at m T = 1.2 T ev on a i,j. For Scalar: a S L, a S R < Problem of scale in comparing with β decay. D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

18 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

19 dw = dw o (1 + Observables with Polarized Nuclei p β p ν E β E ν a βν + Γm e E β b + J J [ p β E β A β + p ν E ν B ν + p β p ν E β E ν D] +c[ p β p ν ( p β j)( p ν j) ][ J(J + 1) 3 < ( J j) 2 > ]) 3E β E ν E β E ν J(2J 1) Asymmetry = σ( ) σ( ) σ( )+σ( ) J P β = measure A β (β singles or coin. with recoil) J P β, Pν = P R P β = dw J J B νpr + D ( P β E β P R ) Measure B ν from Recoil Asymmetry in P R J plane Measure D from Recoil Asymmetry in P R J plane D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

20 Right-handed Currents W L >= cosζ W 1 > sinζ W 2 > W R >= sinζ W 1 > +cosζ W 2 > Define: x = (M L /M R ) 2 ζ and y = (M L /M R ) 2 + ζ λ g A M GT /g V M F A β = 2λ 1 + λ 2 B ν = 2λ 1 + λ 2 λ(1 y 2 ) 5(1 + y 2 ) λ(1 y 2 ) 5(1 + y 2 ) (1 xy) + (1 xy) 3(1 + x 2 ) 5(1 + y 2 ) 3(1 + x 2 ) 5(1 + y 2 ) R slow dw ( J p β = 1) dw ( J p β = +1) = 1 a 2c/3 (A + B) 1 a 2c/3 + (A + B) = y2 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

21 Measurement of β ν Angular Correlation in Polarized 37 K β+ 37 Ar Q( 37 K) = (15) MeV (7) 3/ % 1.226(7) s 3/ K β (3) 5/ (11)% 3.79 M GT /M F = (71) Severijns et al., PRC 78 (2008) 3/ (11)% Ar Hagberg et al., PRC 56 (1997) D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

22 Coefficients of β ν Angular Correlation in Polarized 37 K β+ 37 Ar Calculated with the Standard Model assuming λ g A M GT /g V M F = ± Maximal Parity Violation observable a βν A β B ν c value error Due to error in λ b = D = R slow = 0 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

23 Optical Pumping 355 nm photoionization BC408 E CaF 2 ˆx = polarization axis = phoswich detector axis ẑ = MCP β telescope axis push beam CaF 2 30 ŷ ˆx optical pumping beam (σ ± ) can monitor atomic fluorescence via photoions 0.1 mm mirror 355 nm Be foil P 1/2 F = I + J I = 3 2 J = 1 2 B OP = 2.5 G S 1/2 σ ± m F = Searching for Right-Handed Currents in the β-decay of Laser-Cooled, Polarized 37 K TRIUMF AGM Dan Melconian Dec. 8, 2004 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

24 Determination of the Polarization Photoions detected in MCP Trap Cycle D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

25 Measure B ν from Recoil Asymmetry in ˆx ẑ plane Measure D from Recoil Asymmetry in ŷ ẑ plane B ν = ± 0.020(stat) ± 0.013(syst) D. Melconian et al. PL B 649, 370 (2007) D: test only D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

26 NEW DETECTION CHAMBER FOR 37 K Position sensitivity on all beta and recoil detectors Larger beta and recoil detectors will improve statistics AC MOT will speed up switching from MOT cycle to OP cycle Improvement of a weak magnetic field during OP will improve polarization Coincidences with shake off electron MCP will reduce background for competitive measurements of beta asymmetry D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

27 β + AC MOT coil ν 37 Ar ion MCP β + E electrode e MCP I e 01 D1 σ + e + D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

28 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

29 Commissioning experiment (Dec. 12) dw = dw o (1 + p β p ν E β E ν a βν + Γm e E β b + J J [ p β E β A β + p ν E ν B ν + p β p ν E β E ν D +c[ p β p ν ( p β j)( p ν j) ][ J(J + 1) 3 < ( J j) 2 > ]) 3E β E ν E β E ν J(2J 1) Asymmetry = σ( ) σ( ) σ( )+σ( ) A β = ± 0.009, PRELIMINARY Nuclear Polarization (Dec. 12) = 0.99 ± 0.01 R.S. Behling, PhD thesis Texas A&M (2015) Nuclear Polarization (Jun. 14) = ± D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

30 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

31 Projected Limits on Right-Handed Currents D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

32 β-decay rate (Jackson, Treiman, Wyld 1957): dw = dw o ξ(1 + p β p ν E β E ν a βν + Γm e E β b + J J [ p β E β A β + p ν E ν B ν + p β p ν E β E ν D] +c[ p β p ν ( p β j)( p ν j) ][ J(J + 1) 3 < ( J j) 2 > ]) 3E β E ν E β E ν J(2J 1) With β polarization measured: dw = dw o ξ ( 1 + Γm e E e b + p e E e ( J σ e [ J J N + a βν, b, c, A β, B ν, D, R: J A + σ eg) + p e J ( E e + m e J p e J )Q + E e J p e R]) E e values predicted by the Standard Model Review: S. Severijins and M. Beck, Rev. Mod. Phys (2006) Measurements feasible using Atom traps and Radioactive Beams. D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

33 Theoretical Expectations Within SM D, R Beyond SM: Calculations based on EDM limits: D - using left-right symmetric models: Leptoquark exchange models: R - using Scalar Interactions: EM Final State Interaction: D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

34 Experimental Limits from β Decay D - 19 Ne β decay: (4 ± 8)10 4 Cold Neutrons: ( 0.94 ± 1.89 ± 0.97)10 4 Cold Neutrons: ( 2.8 ± 6.4 ± 3)10 4 R - σ e in 8 LI decay: (1.6 ± 2.2)10 4 Cold Neutrons (4 ± 12 ± 5)10 3 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

35 TRV Experimental System Very Large Detection Acceptance Ion MCP: 100% acceptance for all ions, E = 1 KV/cm D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

36 TRV Results for 200M decays D < D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

37 SUMMARY Studies of β decay of trapped radioactive nuclei provide constraints on the Standard Model, complementary to measurements with HE accelerators Next generation experiments will provide tighter constraints D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar

38 F = 3 F = 2 F = 1, 0 2 P 3/2 σ D 2 σ + F = 2 F = 1 2 P 1/2 + σ D 1 σ + F = 2 DARK STATE F = 1 S 2 1/2 24 D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard 2 Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar. 2016

39 Energy J = 3/2 excited state 3/2 1/2 1/2 3/2 m = 3/2 F m = 1/2 F m = 1/2 F m = 3/2 F σ + beam σ beam J = 1/2 ground state magnetic field 1/2 1/2 z < 0, B < 0 ω, λ = 766.5nm L z > 0, B > 0 m = 1/2 F m = 1/2 F Position

40 LHC and β decay limits on Scalar and Tensor interactions T. Bhattacharya et. al., Phys. Rev. D85, (2012) D. Ashery, Physics beyond the Standard Model with trapped atoms in the LHC era La Thuile Mar