NICA Collider Complex at JINR: Challenges and Prospects

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1 XXI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 8-12 December 2014 NICA Collider Complex at JINR: Challenges and Prospects Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility V.Kekelidze, R.Lednitsky, A.Matveev, I.Meshkov, A.Sorin, G.Trubnikov JINR, Dubna 1

2 Outline Introduction: The NICA project at JINR 1. Research program of the NICA project A. Heavy ions: Search for the Mixed Phase of Baryonic Matter B. Spin physics 2. NICA Stage I 3. NICA Stage II 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 5. Booster Synchrotron Construction 6. Nuclotron Upgrade 7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration (Contnd) 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 9. NICA Stage III : Collider of polarized beams 10. NICA Collaboration 11. Civil engineering Status and Plans Summary: The NICA Beams 2

Introduction: The NICA Project at JINR What is the JINR: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research - International Intergovernmental Organization that has at present 18 member-states.

3 Introduction: The NICA Project at JINR What is the JINR: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research - International Intergovernmental Organization that has at present 18 member-states. Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Cuba Czech Republic Georgia Kazakhstan D. P. Republic of Korea Moldova Mongolia Poland Romania Russian Federation Slovakia Ukraine Uzbekistan Vietnam 6 Participation associated of member-states Egypt, Germany, Hungary, - Egypt, the Republic Germany, of South Hungary, Africa and Italy, Serbia in JINR Rep. of activities South is based Africa on and bilateral Serbia agreements perform signed at on JINR the governmental dedicated level research programs based on bilateral governmental agreements. 2 3

4 Introduction: The NICA Project at JINR The NICA project is aimed to develop, construct and commission at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) a modern accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility (NICA) equipped with two detectors MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) & Spin Physics Detector (SPD) and perform experiments on search of the mixed phase of baryonic matter state and nature of nucleon/particle spin 4

Nucleus-Nucleus Interaction Kinetic QGP Quark-gluon plasma Chemical freeze-out, freeze-out, i.e. Deconfinement in heavy ion i.

phase hydrodynamic fragments expansion preequilibrium 4 fm/c 10 fm/c 1 fm/c = 1 10-13 / 3 10 10 = 3.

5 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions: Search for The Mixed Phase of Baryonic Matter Evolution of Collision Region in Nucleus-Nucleus Interaction Kinetic QGP Quark-gluon plasma Chemical freeze-out, freeze-out, i.e. Deconfinement in heavy ion i.e. hadronic phase hadronization & & separation of Start of collisions the collision QGP and hadronic phase hydrodynamic fragments expansion preequilibrium 4 fm/c 10 fm/c 1 fm/c = / = sec Chemical freeze-out finish of inelastic interactions, expansion; Kinetic freeze-out finish of elastic interactions, separation of secondary particles. 5

6 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Baryon density in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 4-11 GeV Theory vs Experiment: J.Randrup & Jean Cleymans Phys. Rev. C74 (2006) QCD phase diagram at hadronic freeze-out ε * = m N n B s NN total collision energy per nucleon in CMS E1+E2: RHIC (collider exper-t) E : SIS-300 FAIR (fixed target, simulation) First indication, i.e. a hint where to explore! Max. n B Net baryon density n B = n_baryon - n_antibaryon [fm -3 ] 6

7 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions The First Proposal of Experiments at JINR: To search A Mixed Phase of Strongly Interacting QCD Matter at The JINR Nuclotron Ø A.N. Sissakian, A.S. Sorin, M.K. Suleymanov, V.D. Toneev, and G.M. Zinovjev arxiv:nucl-ex/ v1 24 Jan 2006 Ø A.N. Sissakian, A. S. Sorin, and V. D. Toneev Proc. of the 33rd Intern. High Energy Physics conference, ( Rochester ) ICHEP 06 Moscow, July 26 August 02, 2006, v.i, p.p An optimal way to reach the highest possible baryon density is heavy ion collision at s NN = 4-11 GeV 7

8 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Expected region of phase transition at max baryonic density We are not alone! NICA (JINR) Booster NICA (JINR) 2017 Nuclotron-M (JINR) SIS-18 (GSI) Accelerators & Colliders Future HI Machines 20?? SIS-100 (FAIR) AGS (BNL) SIS-300 (FAIR) Fixed target: L - limited by detectors SPS (NA-49/61, CERN) Colliders: scale of L, in cm -2 s Existing HI Machines 197 Au Au 79+ RHIC S NN, GeV for Au+Au RHIC (BNL) 8

9 Accelerators & Colliders 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions CERN Accelerator complex (2009) LHC (14 TeV ) & SPS (fixed target program) LHC Tunnel" CMS" Main control room" LHC Ring" SPS" LHC magnet" 3D scheme NA49/61/SHINE" ALICE" NICA Project Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov ATLAS " 9 IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

10 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Accelerators & Colliders Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider maximum energy in ion-ion collisions S NN = 200 GeV RHIC PHENIX" STAR" 10

11 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Accelerators & Colliders s 2,5 AGeV SIS100 s NN 5 GeV SIS300 s NN 8.4 GeV SIS-100/300 Fixed target program at FAIR (CBM exp-t) 11

12 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions What are we looking for? 12

13 1. NICA Nuclei Research Collision Program and Phase A. Heavy Trajectories Ions in T-n B space QCD phase diagram 2010 ( the fork ) Quark-Gluon Plasma Critical point Mixed phase The most intriguing and low-studied area of the QCD phase diagram: high n B at high T! LHC (ALICE) & HE RHIC Tripple point Hadronic phase CERN (NA- 61/SHINE), RHIC (BES),NICA, FAIR n B /n 0 n B = n_baryon - n_antibaryon 13

14 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions The Mixed Phase: Hadrons (nucleons, mesons and hyperons) mixed with leptons and free quarks. Classic analog: boiling water Quark-gluon plasma (QGP): Mixture of free quarks and gluons (Hypothetical) Quarkyonic Phase - - intermediate between nuclear matter and just quarks. It is the state of quarks + baryons. But special particles: Light Light Below critical point At critical point quarkyonic baryons + massless quarks! Impossible to diagnose!? New physics!? 14

and NICA project SPS (CERN), RHIC (BNL), NICA, SIS-100 (FAIR) 20 t ~ 1

nuclei Inflation Era 0-45 -40-35 -30-25 -20-15 -10-5 0 5 10 15 20

037 billion years GUT Strong (Nuclear) Force (Planck Mission data,

15 NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Big Bang => Hot Universe => => => Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and NICA project SPS (CERN), RHIC (BNL), NICA, SIS-100 (FAIR) 20 t ~ 1 µs Log(T) [K] Hadron lepton Era Nucleon Era Formation of light nuclei Inflation Era Log(t) [sec] Gravition force Our era ± billion years GUT Strong (Nuclear) Force (Planck Mission data, 2013) Planck Era force Grand Unification Theory (GUT) Electroweak force Formation of stars and galaxies Electromagnetic Force Weak Force 15

It allows one to reconstruct initial parameters of a collision: Reaction plane Impact parameter ρ + 2v2 cos[2( φ ΨR )] + 2v cos[4( φ

16 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Detection of The Mixed Phase What to look for? 1) Elliptic flow of central fireball matter ρ Reaction plane Result: Anisotropy in momentum space φ = atan p p y x dn dφ p y p x 1 4 It allows one to reconstruct initial parameters of a collision: Reaction plane Impact parameter ρ + 2v2 cos[2( φ ΨR )] + 2v cos[4( φ ΨR )] +... Ψ R is the angle of reaction plane tilting about collider/detector median plane; v 2 is elliptic flow parameter that indicates to a strongly interacting matter at t ~ 0. 16

17 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions What to look for? Detection of The Mixed Phase 2) Measurement of charge asymmetry WRT reaction plane => => a possible signature of strong P violation. + - excess of posi=ve charge excess of nega=ve charge Electric dipole moment of QCD majer! 17

18 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions What to look for? Detection of The Mixed Phase R( s NN ) 3) The Horn - Indication to Onset of Deconfinement? NICA RHIC-BES NA49/61 Pb+Pb, Au+Au p+p NA49 RHIC The Horn AGS (BNL) SPS/NA49 (CERN) RHIC/STAR (BNL) LHC/ALICE (CERN) p+p World data One of the effect measured in experiments is dependence on energy of the multiplicity ratio R = K + / π + at y * 0, i.e. θ π/2 Non-monotonic dependence of the K+/p+ ratio on energy The Horn - is it indication to onset of deconfinement? NICA has to study! *) y= 1/2 ln( E +pc cosθ/e 18

19 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions What to look for? Detection of The Mixed Phase 4) Registration of leptons Leptons? Where from? => decaying mesons: u,d QGP: s, c g nucleons chemical freeze-out mesons (π, ρ, ω, φ, J/Ψ, ) nuclei e + e -, µ + µ -, ν e, ν µ 4 fm/c 10 fm/c Thus, Leptons bring information about QGP-phase structure! 5) Registration of photons Photons give us temperature of QGP (!) [I.Tseruya, November 2014] 19

20 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions What to look for? Detection of The Mixed Phase Much convincing: 6) Fluctuations! They are a sign of the mixed phase: system becomes unstable at the two-phases stage! Let s remember classic analogy: boiling water - a flow of bubbles fluctuates tremendously. Which fluctuations should one look for? The idea: to locate the critical point using correlation / fluctuation of experimental data, e.g. dispersion and higher momenta of R = K + / π + ): D R = (R - R ) 2 M 3R = (R - R ) 3. And fluctuations of other parameters of collision reactions Experiment at RHIC at s ~ 200 GeV/u has given zero result: D R = M 3R = = M 6R = 0. At low energy (Beam Energy Scan BES) STAR/RHIC could not study 20 correlation due to lack of statistics (low luminosity, see below).

Draft v. 10.01 January 24, 2014 1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Theoretical Basis - NICA White Paper Editorial board: D.Blaschke V.Matveev E.Bratkovskaya D.

21 Draft v January 24, NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions Theoretical Basis - NICA White Paper Editorial board: D.Blaschke V.Matveev E.Bratkovskaya D.Kharzeev A.Sorin H.Stöcker O.Teryaev I.Tserruya N.Xu 111 contributions: 188 authors from 70 centers in 24 countries 21

22 Motivation: Experiments with spin have killed more theories than any other single physical parameter. James Daniel Bjorken [Quoted by the book of Elliot Leader, Spin in Particle Physics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001] 1. NICA Research Program B. Spin Physics Another version: Polarization data has often been the graveyard of fashionable theories. If theorists had their way they might well ban such measurements altogether out of self-protection. J.D. Bjorken (From O.Teryaev ) 22

23 Accelerators & Colliders 1. NICA Research Program B. Spin Physics CEBAF (JLab) e p Future Machines with Polarized Beams p p 2020 NICA (JINR) d d p p Nuclotron-M (JINR) Existing Machines with Polarized Beams p p dd d d CEBAF (JLab) e p COSY (FZJ) Nuclotron-M (JINR) p p AGS (BNL) RHIC (BNL) p p S NN, GeV NICA Project Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

24 1. NICA Research Program At SPIN 2012 Conference in Dubna B. Spin Physics (September 17 22, 2012) the Working Group has started preparation of the spin physics program to operate with polarized pp, pd & dd beams at NICA, continued at Prague Workshop Spin 2013 (July 2013). 95% polarization of opinions! Conf. participants at Vladimir Veksler monument inauguration NICA Project Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov 24 IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

25 2. NICA Stage I Booster 4.0 m 2.5 m SPI & ЛУ-20 ( Od linac) KRION-6T & «New» linac Synchrophasotron yoke Bldg #1 Bldg #205 Nuclotron Fixed target experiments 2014 MPD Nuclotron facility today 2017 Tomorrow NICA Stage I Spin Physics Detector (SPD) 25

26 NICA Stage I Nuclotron Beams Parameter Project (2017) Achieved Magnetic field, T 2.0 (Bρ = 42.8 T m) 2.0 Field ramp, T/s Repetition period, s Energy, GeV/u Ions/ cycle Energy, GeV/u Ions/ cycle Light ions d Heavy ions With KRION-6T & Booster Without KRION-2 40 Ar Fe Xe 48/ Au Polarized beams With SPI & Siberian snake With POLARIS p d

27 NICA Stage I Project Baryonic Nuclotron (BM@N) TS Target Station FH Forward Hodoscopes ST Straw Tube tracker DC Drift Chambers RPC Resistive Plate Chamber ZDC Zero Degree Calorimeter BM@N will study the same physics as NICA/MPD (see below) and CBM/FAIR, but at extremely low energy s = GeV/u. (CBM => Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR, Germany) BM@N collaboration: 19 scientific centers: INR, SINP MSU, IHEP (Russia); GSI, Frankfurt U., Gissen U. (Germany); CBM-MPD IT-Consortium 27

28 NICA Stage I Project BM@N, Preparation in Bld. 205 counting rooms Modernized magnet СП-41 Area ready for detector allocation 28

29 3. NICA Stage II Booster 4.0 m 2.5 m SPI & ЛУ-20 ( Od linac) KRION-6T & «New» linac Synchrophasotron yoke Bldg #1 Bldg #205 Nuclotron Fixed target experiments MPD Collider C = 503 m 2019 NICA Stage II Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Stage III 29

30 3. NICA Stage II (Heavy Ion Mode) Key Parameters of The NICA Collider Ring circumference, m 503,04 Number of bunches 22 Collider lattice: FODO, 12 cells x 90 0 each arc, R.m.s. bunch length, m 0.6 Ring acceptance, π mm mrad 40.0 Long. Acceptance, Δp/p 0.01 γ transition (E transition, GeV/u) (5.72) β*, m 0.35 Ion Energy, GeV/u Ion number/bunch, 1e R.m.s. emittance, h/v π mm mrad 1.1/ / /0.76 R.m.s. Δp/p, 1e IBS growth time, s Peak luminosity, cm -2 s e25 1e27 1e27 30

31 3. NICA Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode) Facility operation scenario Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of (2 4) 10 9 ions, acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 600 MeV/u Stripping (80%) 197 Au 31+ => 197 Au 79+ Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of ions, acceleration up to GeV/u max. Linac HILac Linac LU-20 Fixed Target Area ~ 2 x 22 injection cycles 22 bunches per ring IP-2 Two SC collider rings KRION Ion sources That is why we need a Booster: to accelerate => to strip => to accelerate up to as high as possible (for Nuclotron) energy! IP-1 31

32 3. NICA Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode) Facility operation scenario Three Steps of Beam Formation in NICA Collider 1. Ion storage with barrier bucket method and electron cooling, acceleration up to experiment energy RF-1 acceleration station of barrier voltage 2. Adiabatic capture and preliminary bunch compression with harmonic RF voltage on 22-th harmonics of revolution frequency, formation of the beam of 22 bunches, RF-2 acceleration station of harmonic voltage 3. Adiabatic capture and final compression of 22 bunches with harmonic RF voltage of 66-th harmonics of revolution frequency, formation of the beam consisting of 22 bunches of 0.6 m r.m.s. length, RF-3 acceleration station of harmonic voltage Final beam structure: bunch empty bucket empty bucket bunch Why 22 bunches? To avoid parasitic collisions in common parts of the beam trajectories! 32

33 3. NICA Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode) Two operation regimes L(E i ) 10 1e27 cm -2 s -1 ( ) ( ) L.ε E.i 1.01 N opt Ion/bunch, 10 1E N.ε ( E.i ) L Equilibrium beam.opt E.i N N.opt E.i 0.1 max emittance vs E ion, L opt π mm mrad L max ε(e i ) ε 1 Ion energy, E GeV/u.A 0.8.i ε ε.opt ( E.i ) opt Space charge IBS 0.4 ε max dominated dominated 0.2 regimes Ion energy, E.i GeV/u 4.5 ( ) Electron and stochastic cooling application! Emittance reduction with energy: 33

3. NICA Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode) Intriguing question: Why RHIC has low luminosity at the energy where luminosity of NICA is relatively high?

62, L NICA / L RHIC = (C RHIC /C NICA ) 2 58.1 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Parameter RHIC NICA C Ring, m 3834 503 Bunch length, m 1.0 0.6 Beam emijance, π mm mrad 1.0 1.0 Number of intersec=ons 6 2 β *, m 1.

34 3. NICA Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode) Intriguing question: Why RHIC has low luminosity at the energy where luminosity of NICA is relatively high?? The reason is the beam space charge: N bunch 1/C ring, L (N bunch ) 2 1/(C ring ) 2! L NICA (E ion ) L RHIC (E ion ) 1e25 cm -2 s -1 C RHIC /C NICA = 7.62, L NICA / L RHIC = (C RHIC /C NICA ) Parameter RHIC NICA C Ring, m Bunch length, m Beam emijance, π mm mrad Number of intersec=ons 6 2 β *, m Hour- glass factor Luminosity vs ion energy E ion, GeV/u N NICA (E ion ) N RHIC (E ion ) Ion number per bunch vs ion energy, 1e E ion, GeV/u 34

35 3. NICA Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode) SPD Pick-Ups of Stoch. Cooler Disposition of the Collider elements in heavy ion mode MPD Kickers of Stoch. Cooler E-Cooler [ ] - element length ( ) - distance between elements 35

KRION-6T/ESIS has been assembled and being tested (March 2014) Test results (April 2014) : B= 5.

36 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.1. Heavy Ion Source KRION-6T/ESIS (Electron String Ion Source modification) 6T solenoid fabrication (2012) KRION-6T/ESIS has been assembled and being tested (March 2014) Test results (April 2014) : B= 5.4T magnetic field reached in a working regime. Test of gold ion beams has been produced: Au 30+ Au32 32+, , T ioniz = 20 ms for Au 32+ -> repetition rate 50 Hz. ion beams Au 51+ Au 54+ are produced. 36

37 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.3. SC Magnets for Booster, Collider & SIS-100 (FAIR) 1 st pre-production SC Magnet magnet Plant prototype at VBLHEP of the Booster (Bdg dipole 217) has passed successfully magnetic field measurements in SC state October 2014; Co-investments from JINR and BMBF (GSI, Germany) 1 st production magnet ( serial Booster dipole) is planned to be Design (2012) delivered in January Construction (2013) March 2014 SC cable Workshop production for SC machine coil production June

38 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.2. Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAc, 3 MeV/u) is under construction at BEVATECH C o (Frankfurt): - first section was ready for delivery (October 2014); - final delivery - June Resonator # 1 of RFQ section Assembled 2 nd resonator of RFQ DTL section Drift tubes and gaps along 3 rd resonator of RFQ DTL section 38 38

39 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.3. SC Magnets for Booster, Collider & SIS-100 (FAIR) The Booster Magnets Booster dipole and quadrupole lens UH vacuum beam chamber (curved) The Collider twin dipole HTSC current leads 17 ka 39

40 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.3. SC Magnets for Booster, Collider & SIS-100 (FAIR) The SIS 100 & NICA Magnets Dipole & quadrupole prototypes for SIS100 (FAIR) The Collider quadrupole lens Sextupole corrector prototype for SIS100 and NICA Booster and its assembly 40

4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.4 & 4.5. Budker INP (Novosibirsk) - design and fabrication 4.4. RF acceleration systems for Booster RF for Booster (June 2013) has been delivered to JINR in September 2014 4.

JINR, November 2014 Electron cooler for Booster (Made for IMP Lanzhou, China and operated there, used as prototype

41 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration 4.4 & 4.5. Budker INP (Novosibirsk) - design and fabrication 4.4. RF acceleration systems for Booster RF for Booster (June 2013) has been delivered to JINR in September Electron cooler for Booster (stage of working design) BINP-JINR team at 1 st RF station: test at test-bench at JINR, November 2014 Electron cooler for Booster (Made for IMP Lanzhou, China and operated there, used as prototype for NICA Booster) 41

5. Booster Synchrotron Construction Particles p

measure phase space size Maximum energy, GeV/u

Circumference,2012 m 197Au31+ 3 6.4 0.58 1.55 25.

2 2012 Satellite refrigerator, Measurement

from HILac to Nuclotron Technical design is

42 5. Booster Synchrotron Construction Particles p Injection energy, MeV/u 2007 The best method to measure phase space size Maximum energy, GeV/u RF 2017 Magnetic rigidity,2011 T m Circumference,2012 m 197Au Satellite refrigerator, Measurement period, Energy evacuation Injection Extraction from HILac to Nuclotron Technical design is completed Electron cooling LU20 HILac 42 NICA Project I.Meshkov XXI DAE-BRNS HEP Symposium IIT Guwahati 8-12 December 2014!

43 6. Nuclotron Upgrade Nuclotron is SC synchrotron accelerating ions and delivering presently ion beams: deuterons E max = 4.8 GeV/u (B = 1.7 T) 124 Xe 42+ E max = 3.0 GeV/u (B = 1.7 T). The Nuclotron upgrade tasks for collider mode: Acceleration of 197 Au 79+ up to 4.5 GeV/u Injection system for 197 Au 79+ at 600 MeV/u Upgrade of RF system Extraction system for 197 Au 79+ at GeV/u Upgrade of control system (synchronization!) The work is in steady progress 43

44 7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration (Contnd) JINR + BINP 7.1. Beam transfer channel Nuclotron - Collider (stage of working design) Nuclotron Channel lattice: pulsed magnets, 35 dipoles, 56 quadrupoles, P average ~ 200 kw 44

5 MeV, electron beam current 0.1 1 A NbTi cable φ 0.5 мм L = 275 km $ 250,000 SC solenoids (JINR version) HTSC band 12 х 0.

45 JINR + BINP + 7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration + AREI + Fermilab + NEC + Geliymash (Moscow) (Contnd) 7.2. Electron Cooler for NICA Collider Two Versions JINR version 9 m 10 m BINP version 7.0 m 6 m 1.5 m Electron energy MeV, electron beam current A NbTi cable φ 0.5 мм L = 275 km $ 250,000 SC solenoids (JINR version) HTSC band 12 х 0.5 мм 2 L = 11.5 km $ 350,000 Maximum electron energy, MeV 2.5 Electron beam current, A Solenoids magnetic field, T

Stochastic Cooling for NICA Collider Pick-Up/Kicker

(yellow) cooling Deuterons, 3 GeV/u, h = 3500, N ion

ion = 5e8 Coasting beam τ cool = 27 sec (h = 2500)

46 7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration (Contnd) JINR + FZ Jülich 7.3. Stochastic Cooling for NICA Collider Pick-Up/Kicker Station (FZJ) 2 4 GHz structure Stochastic Cooling Test experiment at Nuclotron March 2013 Schottky-signal spectrum Before (blue) and after (yellow) cooling Deuterons, 3 GeV/u, h = 3500, N ion = 2e9 December 2013 Carbon ions 12 C 6+ 3 GeV/u, N ion = 5e8 Coasting beam τ cool = 27 sec (h = 2500) Bunched beam τ cool = 50 sec (h =2000) 20 марта 2013 г. После 8 минут охлаждения Δp/p~ До охлаждения 46

47 Solenoid of 0.66 T Cryostat & Barrel MPD advantages: FFD 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) Subdetectors & probes identification: Particle Tracking: *Time projection chamber (TPC) * Inner tracker (IT) * End Cap Tracker (ECT) Particle identification: * Time-of-flight detector (TOF) * Electromagnetic calorimeter (Ecal) * Time projection chamber (TPC) Triggering (T0) * Fast Forward Detector (FFD) Identification of centrality and event plane: * Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) Disadvantage: weight 860 tons ü maximum and homogeneous detection efficiency (2π symmetry), ü high transparency for particles (small amount of matter); ü high quality of trajectories reconstruction and particle identification ü high detection rate (~ 7 khz) 47

48 1-st stage (2019) Solenoid of 0.66T Barrel ECal, TPC, ZDC, FFD 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 3 stages of MPD commissioning Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status 3-d stage Forwardspectrometers (optional?) Forward spectrometer-b Toroid 2-nd stage Inner Tracker, EndCap ( Straw ) Tracker, Endcap ECal NICA Project Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov 48 IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

49 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 8.1. MPD Subdetectors Development Time Projection Chamber - prototype 1 HV electrode Preparation for test with UV laser. Field Cage prototype The general view of the TPC Prototype-1 Cylinder C3 (Dec. 2013) (carbon-filled plastic) 49

Detector (FFD) Beam adjustment and collision

prototypes (JINR) JINR (VBLHEP) + Radium

) Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL Shashlyk )

Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) INR (Troisk) + JINR

50 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 8.1. MPD Subdetectors Development Fast Forward Detector (FFD) Beam adjustment and collision trigger (30 ps) FFD prototype module ZDC prototypes (JINR) JINR (VBLHEP) + Radium Institute (St.Petersburg).) Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL Shashlyk ) JINR (VBLHEP & DLNP) + ISM (Kharkov) Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) INR (Troisk) + JINR (VBLHEP) Pb + scintillator sampling (51) Read-out: fibers+ Avalanche PDs ZDC coverage: 2.2< h <4.8 50

(mrpc) JINR (VBLHEP) + Hefei, Beijing (China)) A full-scale

51 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 8.1. MPD Subdetectors Development MultiResistive Plate Counter (mrpc) JINR (VBLHEP) + Hefei, Beijing (China)) A full-scale double-stack mrpc prototype Experimental setup for mrpc tests at Nuclotron (March 2013)) 51

Petersburg) Correction coil (warm) The design close to completion; Survey for contractors

52 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 8.2. MPD SC solenoid, B 0 =0.66 T Design: Scientific Prodctn Association Neva - Magnet (St.Petersburg) Correction coil (warm) The design close to completion; Survey for contractors negotiations with EU companies (ASG, Genova, Germany) & Toshiba (Japan) Possible subcontractors: Russian & Ukrainian companies ΔB/B 1e-4 TPC position Simulated map of magnetic field 52

53 9. NICA Stage III : Collider of polarized beams 1 st concept of the collider beams has been developed It assumes acceleration of polarized protons (!) and deuterons in Nuclotron avoiding the Booster. Concept of polarized protons in Nuclotron has been developed, but its realization requires significant upgrade of Nuclotron. New concept with polarized particles acceleration in the Booster and storage in the Collider rings is under preliminary consideration. Analysis of depolarization effects in the Collider is in progress. 53

54 9. NICA Stage III : Collider of polarized beams 9.1. Source of Polarized p & d Ions SPI Collaboration of INR (Troitsk) & JINR SPI test at Nuclotron with d is planned for winter It will be beginning of new stage of experiments with polarized beams at Nuclotron. SPI at JINR, May

55 9. NICA Stage III : Collider of polarized beams 9.2. Scheme of The Collider of polarized beams Disposition of collider elements in polarized beams mode

Cherenkov counter (for PID and trigger) -

56 9. NICA Stage III : Collider of polarized beams 9.3. Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Very First Concept Main elements of the detector: - Silicon or MicroMega (inner tracking) - Drift chambers or straw (for tracking) - Cherenkov counter (for PID and trigger) - EM calorimeter - Trigger counters - EndCap detectors Toroidal magnet First proposal of SPD concept is expected at the end of 2015 Subdetector for muon pairs 56

57 10. NICA Collaboration 57

equipment description and The Collider tunnel disposition) has been

58 11. Civil engineering Status and Plans Transfer MPD SPD Artistic view of the NICA facility The technical project of NICA (civil engineering, equipment description and The Collider tunnel disposition) has been completed in and has passed State Expertise (Sept. 2013)

59 11. Civil engineering Status and Plans Contract for the 1 st phase of the Collider building construction has been signed with the building company Strabag, Austria (the winner of the tender). The 1 st phase assumes preparatory work on NICA site analysis and infrastructure for construction work preparation. Then the 2 nd phase the building construction works begin. Civil construction duration is estimated by Strabag C o as 36 months! Beginning of Collider mounting is planned for September 2018 Start up version of NICA commissioning is scheduled for

60 11. Civil engineering Status and Plans Phase 1 of Civil construction has been started On-line 21 November web-camera (Feb.2014) The cutting of the trees for clearance On- line web- camera 24 June (02014 Dec. 2014) the NICA collider site: On-line The web-camera NICA site prepara=on (Apr.2014) (taking soil samples, hammering of test piles, etc.) NICA Project Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov 60 IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

61 Summary: The NICA Beams Heavy ion colliding beams up to 197 Au Au 79+ at s NN = 4 11 GeV, L average = 1x10 27 cm -2 s -1 Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same s NN and the same or higher L average Polarized beams of protons and deuterons in collider mode: p p s pp = GeV L max 1x10 32 cm -2 s -1 d d s NN = GeV Extracted beams of light ions and polarized protons and deuterons for fixed target experiments: Li Au = GeV /u ion kinetic energy p, p = GeV kinetic energy d, d = GeV/u ion kinetic energy The set of NICA beams provides unique possibility both for basic and applied researches in the forthcoming decades. Applied research on ion beams at kinetic energy above 3 MeV/u 61

62 NICA at VBLHEP of JINR experiment area Collider New Linac LU-20 Booster Nuclotron Thank you for your attention! 62

NICA Project at JINR Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility I.Meshkov for NICA team

Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics COOL 11 NICA Project at JINR Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility I.Meshkov for NICA team, Ukraine hosted by JINR, Dubna 1 Contents Introduction: The goal of