Relativistic Dynamics: Testing Relativity and. Determining Properties of the Electron
|
|
|
- Dwayne Townsend
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Relativistic Dynamics: Testing Relativity and Determining Properties of the Electron Jason Gross MIT - Department of Physics Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
2 Goals Test relativity (vs. Newton) Determine m e and e Diagnose systematic errors Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
3 Special Relativity Fast things Length contraction Time dilation Universal speed limit (c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
4 Special Relativity Fast things Length contraction Time dilation Universal speed limit (c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
5 Special Relativity Fast things Length contraction Time dilation Universal speed limit (c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
6 Special Relativity Fast things Length contraction Time dilation Universal speed limit (c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
7 Testing Relativity Q: Why do we care? A: Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
8 Testing Relativity Q: Why do we care? A: Because relativity is awesome! Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
9 Testing Relativity Q: Why do we care? A: Because it s required to understand things moving quickly. Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
10 Relativity Applications GPS (2 km / day) Images from and Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
11 Relativity Applications GPS (2 km / day) Images from and Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
12 Testing Relativity Q: How do we test it? A: Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
13 Testing Relativity Q: How do we test it? A: Move really, really quickly! Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
14 Testing Relativity Q: What moves really, really fast? A: Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
15 Testing Relativity Q: What moves really, really fast? A: Light! Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
16 Testing Relativity Q: What moves really, really fast? A: Light! Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
17 Testing Relativity Q: What moves really, really fast? A: Electrons! e- ( 9 Sr.564 MeV.77c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
18 Testing Relativity Q: What moves really, really fast? A: Electrons! e- ( 9 Sr.564 MeV.77c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
19 Testing Relativity Q: What moves really, really fast? A: Electrons! e- ( 9 Y 2.28 MeV.97c) Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
20 Theory & Experiment Three points of contact: p F = d p/dt K Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
21 Theory & Experiment Three points of contact: p F = d p/dt K Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
22 Theory & Experiment Three points of contact: p F = d p/dt K Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
23 Theory & Experiment Three points of contact: p F = d p/dt K Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
24 The Apparatus I Velocity Selector Plate Separation =.18 ±.3 cm Length = 1 cm Digital Voltmeter Fluke 812A and B VS Vacuum Chamber Torr 4.6 ±.4 cm PIN 9 Sr/ 9 Y Source Preamp Canberra Mo. 23BT Amplifier Ortec 471 Velocity Selector HV Supply: -5 V Canberra Mo. 23BT Bias Voltage Supply: 7 V EG&G Ortec 428 Oscilloscope Multi-Channel Analyzer From FIG. 1: Schematic diagram of the electron trajectory in the Thu the nea dep A reve cord fit b tion of t as t Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
25 Magnetic Force VS PIN B 4.6 ±.4 cm 9 Sr/ 9 Y Source Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
26 Magnetic Force q v B = F = ω p = v ρ ρ 2 p B = p eρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
27 Magnetic Force q v B = F = ω p = v ρ ρ 2 p B = p eρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
28 Electric Force VS PIN B 4.6 ±.4 cm 9 Sr/ 9 Y Source Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
29 Electric Force qe + q v B = F = β = v/c = E cb Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
30 Electric Force qe + q v B = F = β = v/c = E cb Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
31 The Apparatus I Velocity Selector Plate Separation =.18 ±.3 cm Length = 1 cm Digital Voltmeter Fluke 812A and B VS Vacuum Chamber Torr 4.6 ±.4 cm PIN 9 Sr/ 9 Y Source Preamp Canberra Mo. 23BT Amplifier Ortec 471 Velocity Selector HV Supply: -5 V Canberra Mo. 23BT Bias Voltage Supply: 7 V EG&G Ortec 428 Oscilloscope Multi-Channel Analyzer FIG. 1: Schematic diagram of the electron trajectory in the Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34 Thu the nea dep A reve cord fit b tion of t as t
32 Predictions Classical Mechanics: p = m v Relativity: p = γm v with γ = 1/ 1 β 2 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
33 Expectations Β Classical 1..8 Relativistic Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
34 Finding E B 92 G counts 3 s counts 3 s counts 3 s counts 3 s E kv counts 3 s B 96 G counts 3 s B 1 G counts 3 s B 14 G counts 3 s B 18 G E kv E kv E kv E kv B 112 G B 116 G B 12 G counts 3 s E kv counts 3 s E kv counts 3 s E kv Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
35 Results Β Χ Ν 2 Classical Χ Ν 2 Relativistic 9. Classical 1..8 Relativistic.6.4 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
36 Results Β Χ ΝClassical Χ ΝRelativistic 9. Classical Relativity Wins! Relativistic.6.4 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
37 Results There s a systematic error. How far are we off? Are either of these actually good models? Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
38 Results There s a systematic error. How far are we off? Are either of these actually good models? Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
39 Results There s a systematic error. How far are we off? Are either of these actually good models? Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
40 How far? Q: How far are we off? Use e m e as a fit parameter. Fit Value: 1.545(2) 1 11 C kg 1 cf (39) 1 11 C kg 1 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
41 How far? Q: How far are we off? Use e m e as a fit parameter. Fit Value: 1.545(2) 1 11 C kg 1 cf (39) 1 11 C kg 1 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
42 How far? Q: How far are we off? Use e m e as a fit parameter. Fit Value: 1.545(2) 1 11 C kg 1 cf (39) 1 11 C kg 1 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
43 How far? Q: How far are we off? Use e m e as a fit parameter. Fit Value: 1.545(2) 1 11 C kg 1 cf (39) 1 11 C kg 1 Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
44 Good models? Β Std. Residuals Χ Ν Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
45 Good models? Β Std. Residuals Χ Ν Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
46 Systematic Error: ρ? Β Std. Residuals Ρ Χ Ν 2.29 Ρ fit ±.23 cm Ρ 2.3 ±.2 cm Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
47 Systematic Error: d? Β Std. Residuals Χ Ν d fit ±.29 cm d.18 ±.3 cm d fit d.123 ±.29 cm Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
48 Systematic Error: B? Β Std. Residuals Χ Ν 2.7 B fit B B 1 B B.57 ±.35 B 1.7 ± 3.5 G Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
49 Systematic Error: V? Β Χ 2 Ν.1 V fit V V V 1 V.65 ±.33 V.2 ±.12 kv Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
50 Kinetic Energy Classical Mechanics: K = p 2 /2m Relativity: K = p 2 c 2 + m 2 c 4 mc 2 p = Beρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
51 Kinetic Energy Classical Mechanics: K = p 2 /2m Relativity: K = p 2 c 2 + m 2 c 4 mc 2 p = Beρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
52 Kinetic Energy Classical Mechanics: K = p 2 /2m Relativity: K = p 2 c 2 + m 2 c 4 mc 2 p = Beρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
53 Expectations 12 1 K p 2 2 m e K kev 8 6 K c 4 m 2 c 2 p 2 c 2 m Ρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
54 Energy Calibration log Count Ba 133 Calibration kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev kev Channel Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
55 Energy Calibration kev Std. Residuals 2 1 kev channel.4561 ± ±.8 Χ Ν Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
56 Energy Peaks 8 G 84 G 88 G 92 G G G G Jason Gross (8.13) G G G G Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
57 K vs. p 6 K p 2 2 m e K kev K c 4 m 2 c 2 p 2 c 2 m Data Ρ Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
58 e and m e K kev Std. Residuals Χ Ν 2.84 m e 1.3 ± kg e 1.63 ± C Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
59 e and m e : Values Fit m e : (1.3 ±.23) 1 3 kg cf (4) 1 31 kg Fit e: (1.63 ±.14) 1 19 C cf (35) 1 19 C Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
60 e and m e : Values Fit m e : (1.3 ±.23) 1 3 kg cf (4) 1 31 kg Fit e: (1.63 ±.14) 1 19 C cf (35) 1 19 C Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
61 e and m e : Error ρ = (2.3 ±.2) cm: ±.5 Gauss in B: K : Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
62 e and m e : Error ρ = (2.3 ±.2) cm: 65% of the error ±.5 Gauss in B: K : Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
63 e and m e : Error ρ = (2.3 ±.2) cm: 65% of the error ±.5 Gauss in B: K : Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
64 e and m e : Error ρ = (2.3 ±.2) cm: 65% of the error ±.5 Gauss in B: 33% of the error K : Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
65 e and m e : Error ρ = (2.3 ±.2) cm: 65% of the error ±.5 Gauss in B: 33% of the error K : Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
66 e and m e : Error ρ = (2.3 ±.2) cm: 65% of the error ±.5 Gauss in B: 33% of the error K : 2% of the error Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
67 Conclusion Relativity wins! Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
68 Thank You! Any questions? Jason Gross (8.13) Relativistic Dynamics December 13, / 34
Determination of e/m, mc 2, and the Relations Among Momentum, Velocity, and Energy of Relativistic Electrons
Determination of e/m, mc 2, and the Relations Among Momentum, Velocity, and Energy of Relativistic Electrons Edwin Ng MIT Department of Physics (Dated: November 16, 2011 Using a spherical electromagnet,
Relativistic Behavior Detection through Electron Acceleration
Relativistic Behavior Detection through Electron Acceleration Henry Shackleton MIT Department of Physics (Dated: April 28, 2017) Classical and relativistic mechanics differ in their predictions of how
Relativistic Electrons
Relativistic Electrons Physics 300 1 Introduction In this experiment you will make independent measurements of the momentum and kinetic energy of electrons emitted from a β source. You will use these data
BETA DECAY. Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(revised 4/21/03) BETA DECAY Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract The beta decay spectrum of Cs 137 is measured using a magnetic spectrometer and a
Relativity II. Home Work Solutions
Chapter 2 Relativity II. Home Work Solutions 2.1 Problem 2.4 (In the text book) A charged particle moves along a straight line in a uniform electric field E with a speed v. If the motion and the electric
Beta Spectroscopy. Glenn F. Knoll Radiation Detection and Measurements, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2000
Advanced Laboratory Experiments Universität Siegen Prof. Dr. I. Fleck Beta Spectroscopy Abstract The experiment on beta spectroscopy introduces the student into the field of special relativity and weak
The Kinematics and Electron Cross Sections of Compton Scattering
The Kinematics and Electron Cross Sections of Compton Scattering Edwin Ng MIT Department of Physics (Dated: December 7, 0) We scatter 66.6 kev gamma rays off NaI scintillators and use coincidence techniques
Energy loss of alpha particles - Prelab questions
Energy loss of alpha particles - Prelab questions 1. Write down the decay path from 226 Ra to 206 Pb. Show the intermediate nuclides and the nuclear reactions which cause each transformation (α/β ± decay).
DUNPL Preliminary Energy Calibration for Proton Detection
DUNPL Preliminary Energy Calibration for Proton Detection DUNPL Professor Alexander Komives By: Josh Wyant and Andrew Bever Report Number: TR-PD01 April 28, 2005 Throughout the semester we have been working
RANGE OF ALPHAS. Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(revised 10/20/10) RANGE OF ALPHAS Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract A silicon solid state detector is used to measure the energy of alphas which
BETA DECAY. Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(revised 4/27/01) BETA DECAY Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract The beta decay spectrum of Cs 137 is measured using a magnetic spectrometer and a
Homework 2: Forces on Charged Particles
Homework 2: Forces on Charged Particles 1. In the arrangement shown below, 2 C of positive charge is moved from plate S, which is at a potential of 250 V, to plate T, which is at a potential of 750 V.
EQUIPMENT Beta spectrometer, vacuum pump, Cs-137 source, Geiger-Muller (G-M) tube, scalar
Modern Physics Laboratory Beta Spectroscopy Experiment In this experiment, electrons emitted as a result of the radioactive beta decay of Cs-137 are measured as a function of their momentum by deflecting
Modern Physics Laboratory Beta Spectroscopy Experiment
Modern Physics Laboratory Beta Spectroscopy Experiment Josh Diamond and John Cummings Fall 2009 Abstract In this experiment, electrons emitted as a result of the radioactive beta decay of 137 55 Cs are
Theory English (Official)
Q3-1 Large Hadron Collider (10 points) Please read the general instructions in the separate envelope before you start this problem. In this task, the physics of the particle accelerator LHC (Large Hadron
Detection and measurement of gamma-radiation by gammaspectroscopy
Detection and measurement of gamma-radiation by gammaspectroscopy Gamma-radiation is electromagnetic radiation having speed equal to the light in vacuum. As reaching a matter it interact with the different
Bryn Mawr College Department of Physics Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories Relativistic Beta Spectroscopy in a Magnetic Field
Bryn Mawr College Department of Physics Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories Relativistic Beta Spectroscopy in a Magnetic Field Introduction A radioactive source that emits β (beta) particles (high-energy
Midterm Solutions. 1 1 = 0.999c (0.2)
Midterm Solutions 1. (0) The detected muon is seen km away from the beam dump. It carries a kinetic energy of 4 GeV. Here we neglect the energy loss and angular scattering of the muon for simplicity. a.
Postulates of Special Relativity
Relativity Relativity - Seen as an intricate theory that is necessary when dealing with really high speeds - Two charged initially stationary particles: Electrostatic force - In another, moving reference
DESIGN OF A WIEN FILTER AND MEASUREMENT OF LONGITUDINAL POLARIZATION OF BETA PARTICLES BY S. S. ABHYANKAR AND M. R. BHIDAY
DESIGN OF A WIEN FILTER AND MEASUREMENT OF LONGITUDINAL POLARIZATION OF BETA PARTICLES BY S. S. ABHYANKAR AND M. R. BHIDAY (Department of Physics, University of Poona, Poona-7, India) Received January
Scintillation Detector
Scintillation Detector Introduction The detection of ionizing radiation by the scintillation light produced in certain materials is one of the oldest techniques on record. In Geiger and Marsden s famous
Accelerators Ideal Case
Accelerators Ideal Case Goal of an accelerator: increase energy of CHARGED par:cles Increase energy ΔE = r 2 F dr = q ( E + v B)d r The par:cle trajectory direc:on dr parallel to v ΔE = increase of energy
Neutron Induced Nuclear Counter Effect in Hamamatsu Silicon APDs and PIN Diodes
Neutron Induced Nuclear Counter Effect in Hamamatsu Silicon APDs and PIN Diodes Rihua Mao, Liyuan Zhang, Ren-yuan Zhu California Institute of Technology Introduction Because of its immunity to magnetic
BEGe Detector studies update
BEGe Detector studies update Performance and analysis Dušan Budjáš Stefan Schönert Mikael Hult* MPI für Kernphysik Heidelberg * IRMM Geel MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUTNSTITUT FÜR KERNPHYSIK Outline 1. BEGe publication
β-spectroscopy Fig. 1: Experimental set-up for determining inductance from the resonant frequency of an oscillatory circuit.
Related Topics -decay, -decay, electron capture, neutrino, positron, decay diagram, decay energy, resting energy, relativistic Lorentz equation. Principle The radiation of β-unstable atomic nuclei is selected
High Purity Germanium Detector Calibration at ISOLDE
High Purity Germanium Detector Calibration at ISOLDE Guðmundur Kári Stefánsson Summer Student of Maria Borge September 5, 2013 Abstract: This Summer Student Project involved the test and calibration of
Beta Spectroscopy. Wolfgang Pauli Nobel Prize Enrico Fermi Nobel Prize 1938
Beta Spectroscopy Wolfgang Pauli Nobel Prize 1945 Enrico Fermi Nobel Prize 1938 Beta Spectroscopy The double focusing magnetic ß-spectrometer is a classical instrument for the measurement of continuous
X-ray ionization yields and energy spectra in liquid argon
E-print arxiv:1505.02296 X-ray ionization yields and energy spectra in liquid argon A. Bondar, a,b A. Buzulutskov, a,b,* A. Dolgov, b L. Shekhtman, a,b A. Sokolov a,b a Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzers
Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzers Jonathan Karty C613 lecture 1 March 6, 8 (Section 4. in Gross, pages 115-18) TOF Overview Time-of-flight (TOF) is the least complex mass analyzer in terms of its theory Ions
PH 253 Exam I Solutions
PH 253 Exam I Solutions. An electron and a proton are each accelerated starting from rest through a potential difference of 0.0 million volts (0 7 V). Find the momentum (in MeV/c) and kinetic energy (in
Parallel Resistors (32.6)
Parallel Resistors (32.6) Resistors connected at both ends are called parallel resistors Neil Alberding (SFU Physics) Physics 121: Optics, Electricity & Magnetism Spring 2010 1 / 1 Parallel Resistors (32.6)
(revised 3/11/2014) BETA DECAY. Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(revised 3/11/2014) BETA DECAY Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract The beta decay spectrum of Cs 137 is measured using a magnetic spectrometer and
XENON Dark Matter Search. Juliette Alimena Columbia University REU August 2 nd 2007
XENON Dark Matter Search Juliette Alimena Columbia University REU August 2 nd 2007 Evidence of Dark Matter Missing mass in Coma galaxy cluster (Fritz Zwicky) Flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies (Vera
object objective lens eyepiece lens
Advancing Physics G495 June 2015 SET #1 ANSWERS Field and Particle Pictures Seeing with electrons The compound optical microscope Q1. Before attempting this question it may be helpful to review ray diagram
Parallel Resistors (32.6)
Parallel Resistors (32.6) Resistors connected at both ends are called parallel resistors The important thing to note is that: the two left ends of the resistors are at the same potential. Also, the two
Simulation of a simple electron gun. David Moore 1 San Diego Miramar College
Simulation of a simple electron gun David Moore 1 San Diego Miramar College (Dated: 3 December 2013) In this paper the properties of a cylindrically symmetric five component electron gun are calculated
Physics 280 Lecture 2
Physics 280 Lecture 2 Summer 2016 Dr. Jones 1 1 Department of Physics Drexel University June 29, 2016 Objectives Review Lorentz Coordinate Transforms and principles of relativity Objectives Review Lorentz
Quality Assurance. Purity control. Polycrystalline Ingots
Quality Assurance Purity control Polycrystalline Ingots 1 Gamma Spectrometry Nuclide Identification Detection of Impurity Traces 1.1 Nuclides Notation: Atomic Mass Atomic Number Element Neutron Atomic
Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Four-vectors Four-vector transformation under z boost Lorentz Transformation v ' v v v v 0 0 3 ' 1 1 ' v v 2 2 v ' v v 3
print first name print last name print student id grade
print first name print last name print student id grade Experiment 2 X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be used to determine the constituent elements and the crystalline
A New Precise Measurement of the Stark Shift in the 6P 1/2 ->7S 1/2 378 nm Transition in Thallium
A New Precise Measurement of the Stark Shift in the 6P 1/2 ->7S 1/2 378 nm Transition in Thallium Apker Award Finalist Talk September 4, 2002 S. Charles Doret Earlier work by Andrew Speck Williams 00,
Test setup, APDs,, preamps Calibration procedure Gain monitoring with LED Beam test results Future R&D options
Test setup, APDs,, preamps Calibration procedure Gain monitoring with LED Beam test results Future R&D options Introduction The analog HCAL group of the Calice collaboration built a small scintillator
Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(revised 4/27/01) MÖSSBAUER EFFECT Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract This experiment allows one to measure the Mössbauer Effect for the 14.37 kev
Modern Physics Part 2: Special Relativity
Modern Physics Part 2: Special Relativity Last modified: 23/08/2018 Links Relative Velocity Fluffy and the Tennis Ball Fluffy and the Car Headlights Special Relativity Relative Velocity Example 1 Example
Part IB Electromagnetism
Part IB Electromagnetism Theorems Based on lectures by D. Tong Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2015 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly) after lectures.
Particle physics experiments
Particle physics experiments Particle physics experiments: collide particles to produce new particles reveal their internal structure and laws of their interactions by observing regularities, measuring
Chapter 26. Special Relativity
Chapter 26 Special Relativity The Postulates of Special Relativity THE POSTULATES OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY 1. The Relativity Postulate. The laws of physics are the same in every inertial reference frame.
Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity
Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Atom Atomic number A Number of protons Z Number of neutrons A-Z Number of electrons Z Charge of electron = charge of proton ~1.6 10-19 C Size of the atom ~10-10
Experiment objectives: measure the ratio of Planck s constant to the electron charge h/e using the photoelectric effect.
Chapter 1 Photoelectric Effect Experiment objectives: measure the ratio of Planck s constant to the electron charge h/e using the photoelectric effect. History The photoelectric effect and its understanding
Near detector tracker concepts. D. Karlen / U. Vic. & TRIUMF T2K ND280m meeting August 22, 2004
Near detector tracker concepts D. Karlen / U. Vic. & TRIUMF T2K ND280m meeting August 22, 2004 Longitudinal extent of tracker modules Consensus has developed that the near detector should consist of a
On the Calibration of Alpha Sciences Proportional Counters
IBM Research On the Calibration of Alpha Sciences Proportional Counters Michael Gordon (gordonm@us.ibm.com) Ken Rodbell IBM Research 1101 Kitchawan Road Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 10/26/2011 2011 IBM Corporation
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department. Problem Set 5 Solutions
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Physics 8.033 October, 003 Problem Set 5 Solutions Problem A Flying Brick, Resnick & Halliday, #, page 7. (a) The length contraction factor along
Measuring the Muon Lifetime
WJP, PHY38 (200) Wabash Journal of Physics v4.0, p. Measuring the Muon Lifetime L.W. Lupinski, R. Paudel, and M.J. Madsen Department of Physics, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 (Dated: March,
BETA-RAY SPECTROMETER
14 Sep 07 β-ray.1 BETA-RAY SPECTROMETER In this experiment, a 180, constant-radius magnetic spectrometer consisting of an electromagnet with a Geiger-Muller detector, will be used to detect and analyze
X-Ray Physics. that N [the atomic number] is the same as the number of the place occupied by the element in the periodic system.
![X-Ray Physics. that N [the atomic number] is the same as the number of the place occupied by the element in the periodic system.](/thumbs/83/88602722.jpg "X-Ray Physics. that N [the atomic number] is the same as the number of the place occupied by the element in the periodic system.")
X-Ray Physics Evan Berkowitz Junior, MIT Department of Physics (Dated: October 25, 2006) We measure a variety of phenomena related to X-Ray absorption and production. We present data which conforms within
The Standard Auger Electron Spectra in The AIST DIO-DB(111); Ge(111)
Paper The Standard Auger Electron Spectra in The AIST DIO-DB(111); Ge(111) K. Goto, a,* Adel Alkafri, b Y. Ichikawa, b A.Kurokawa, c and Y. Yamauchi a a AIST-Chubu Center, Anagahora 2266, Moriyama-ku,
THE COMPTON EFFECT Last Revised: January 5, 2007
B2-1 THE COMPTON EFFECT Last Revised: January 5, 2007 QUESTION TO BE INVESTIGATED: How does the energy of a scattered photon change after an interaction with an electron? INTRODUCTION: When a photon is
Yasuhiro Iwamura, Takehiko Itoh, Nobuaki Gotoh and Ichiro Toyoda
Iwamura, Y., et al. Correlation between behavior of deuterium in palladium and occurance of nuclear reactions observed by simultaneous measurement of excess heat and nuclear products. in Sixth International
Determining the Charge to Mass Ratio (e/m) for an Electron
Determining the Charge to Mass Ratio (e/m) for an Electron Introduction In order to determine the charge to mass ratio (e/m) for an electron we create a beam of electrons by heating a metal filament in
hν' Φ e - Gamma spectroscopy - Prelab questions 1. What characteristics distinguish x-rays from gamma rays? Is either more intrinsically dangerous?
Gamma spectroscopy - Prelab questions 1. What characteristics distinguish x-rays from gamma rays? Is either more intrinsically dangerous? 2. Briefly discuss dead time in a detector. What factors are important
EXPERIMENT NO. 2. Electrostatic and Magnetic Deflection of Electrons in a Cathode Ray Tube
EXPERIMENT NO. Electrostatic and Magnetic Deflection of Electrons in a Cathode Ray Tube Part A. Motion of electrons in an electric field: Introduction The heart of an oscilloscope is the cathode-ray tube
Mass of the electron m 0
Mass of the electron m 0 1 Objective To determine the rest mass of the electron, m e, via γ-ray interactions (mainly Compton scattering and photoeffect) in a NaI scintillation detector. Based on the enclosed
The Wave Structure of the Electric Field Michael Harney
The Wave Structure of the Electric Field Michael Harney Maxwell's equations describe the interactions of the electromagnetic field at a macroscopic level. In the 1920s, Louis DeBroglie demonstrated that
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. University Center LABORATORY WORK
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions University Center LABORATORY WORK TOF measurement of the charged particles using the MCP detector Supervisor: Dauren Aznabayev
2 Electric Field Mapping Rev1/05
2 Electric Field Mapping Rev1/05 Theory: An electric field is a vector field that is produced by an electric charge. The source of the field may be a single charge or many charges. To visualize an electric
GeV. Which graph best represents Y when it is the kinetic energy of an electron and X is its momentum?
Unit 4: Physics on the Move 1 Which of the following is the same unit as the farad? C 1 An emf will only be induced across the wing tips of an aircraft if it is flying horizontally in D 1 3 A top quark
arxiv:physics/ v1 3 Aug 2006
Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with Scintillation Light in Liquid Xenon arxiv:physics/6834 v1 3 Aug 26 K. Ni, E. Aprile, K.L. Giboni, P. Majewski, M. Yamashita Physics Department and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory
X: The Hall Effect in Metals
X: The all Effect in Metals I. References C. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics, pp. 148-151. Ashcroft and Mermin: Solid state Physics, pp. 6-15. Dekker: Solid State Physics, pp. 301-302. Yarwood:
BEAM PROFILE MONITORS FOR THE HERA PROTON ACCELERATORS
BEAM PROFILE MONITORS FOR THE HERA PROTON ACCELERATORS V, Hain, F. Hornstra, A. Lazos, G. Miat, G. Samulat, K. Wittenburg DESY, Notkestr. 85, 2000 Hamburg 52, Germany Abstract: Residual gas ionization
The CUTE Facility. Ryan Underwood Queen s University, TRIUMF WNPPC 2019
The CUTE Facility Ryan Underwood Queen s University, TRIUMF WNPPC 2019 Dark Matter Strong evidence for a nonluminous, gravitationally interacting kind of matter; Dark Matter Interaction with normal matter
Potentials and Fields
Potentials and Fields Review: Definition of Potential Potential is defined as potential energy per unit charge. Since change in potential energy is work done, this means V E x dx and E x dv dx etc. The
The Cyclotron: Exploration
The Cyclotron: Exploration The purpose of this exploration is to become familiar with how a cyclotron accelerates particles, and in particular to understand the roles of the electric and magnetic fields.
Experiment 2 Deflection of Electrons
Name Partner(s): Experiment 2 Deflection of Electrons Objectives Equipment Preparation Pre-Lab To study the effects of electric fields on beams of fast moving electrons. Cathode-ray tube (CRT), voltage
and another with a peak frequency ω 2
Physics Qualifying Examination Part I 7-Minute Questions September 13, 2014 1. A sealed container is divided into two volumes by a moveable piston. There are N A molecules on one side and N B molecules
Chapter 20 Electric Circuits
Chapter 0 Electric Circuits Chevy olt --- Electric vehicle of the future Goals for Chapter 9 To understand the concept of current. To study resistance and Ohm s Law. To observe examples of electromotive
τ lepton mass measurement at BESIII
τ lepton mass measurement at BESIII J. Y. Zhang 1* on behalf of BESIII collaboration 1 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * jyzhang@ihep.ac.cn November
Accelerators. There are some accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000)
Accelerators There are some 30 000 accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000) Scientific research community (~ 100) Synchrotron light sources Ion beam
PH 102 Exam II. 1. Solve 8 problems out of the 12 below. All problems have equal weight.
PH 02 Exam II 20Mar07 LeClair INSTRUCTIONS. Solve 8 problems out of the 2 below. All problems have equal weight. 2. Clearly mark the problems you choose by filling in the adjacent circle. 3. Show as much
PHYS 3324 Lab Millikan Oil Drop Experiment: Demonstration of the Quantization of Charge
PHYS 3324 Lab Millikan Oil Drop Experiment: Demonstration of the Quantization of Charge Background reading Read the introduction below before answering the Prelab Questions Prelab Questions 1. A typical
Physics 2D Lecture Slides Jan 15. Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics
Physics D Lecture Slides Jan 15 Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics Relativistic Momentum and Revised Newton s Laws and the Special theory of relativity: Example : p= mu Need to generalize the laws of Mechanics
General Physics I. Lecture 21: Relativistic Energy and Momentum. Prof. WAN, Xin ( 万歆 )
General Physics I Lecture 21: Relativistic Energy and Momentum Prof. WAN, Xin ( 万歆 ) xinwan@zju.edu.cn http://zimp.zju.edu.cn/~xinwan/ Outline Relativistic velocity, momentum, and energy The mass-energy
Langmuir Probes as a Diagnostic to Study Plasma Parameter Dependancies, and Ion Acoustic Wave Propogation
Langmuir Probes as a Diagnostic to Study Plasma Parameter Dependancies, and Ion Acoustic Wave Propogation Kent Lee, Dean Henze, Patrick Smith, and Janet Chao University of San Diego (Dated: May 1, 2013)
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Introduction The electronic charge, or electrical charge carried by an electron, is a fundamental constant in physics. During the years 1909 to 1913, R.A. Millikan used the
Introduction to Error Analysis
Introduction to Error Analysis Part 1: the Basics Andrei Gritsan based on lectures by Petar Maksimović February 1, 2010 Overview Definitions Reporting results and rounding Accuracy vs precision systematic
Non-radioactive radiation sources. Lesson FYSKJM4710 Eirik Malinen
Non-radioactive radiation sources Lesson FYSKJM4710 Eirik Malinen X-ray tube Electrons are released from the cathode (negative electrode) by thermionic emission accelerated in an evacuated tube hit the
Investigation of a Cs137 and Ba133 runs. Michael Dugger and Robert Lee
Investigation of a Cs137 and Ba133 runs Michael Dugger and Robert Lee 1 Cs137 Using run 149 One million triggers Doing a quick analysis with fits: Not using Kei s noise corrections at the moment 2 ADC
The Mössbauer Effect
Experimental Physics V85.0112/G85.2075 The Mössbauer Effect Spring, 2005 Tycho Sleator, David Windt, and Burton Budick Goals The main goal of this experiment is to exploit the Mössbauer effect to measure
MEASURING THE LIFETIME OF THE MUON
B6-1 MEASURING THE LIFETIME OF THE MUON Last Revised September 19, 2006 QUESTION TO BE INVESTIGATED What is the lifetime τ of a muon? INTRODUCTION AND THEORY Muons are a member of a group of particles
Final on December Physics 106 R. Schad. 3e 4e 5c 6d 7c 8d 9b 10e 11d 12e 13d 14d 15b 16d 17b 18b 19c 20a
Final on December11. 2007 - Physics 106 R. Schad YOUR NAME STUDENT NUMBER 3e 4e 5c 6d 7c 8d 9b 10e 11d 12e 13d 14d 15b 16d 17b 18b 19c 20a 1. 2. 3. 4. This is to identify the exam version you have IMPORTANT
Progress in April December 2007 Schedule in Jan. March 2008
A Report to the Advisory Committee of CNS The Accelerator Group Outline Upgrade of AVF Cyclotron Progress in April December 2007 Schedule in Jan. March 2008 Shigeru Kubono, Yukimitsu Ohshiro, Shin-ichi
Mechanics Physics 151
Mechanics Physics 151 Lecture 15 Special Relativity (Chapter 7) What We Did Last Time Defined Lorentz transformation Linear transformation of 4-vectors that conserve the length in Minkowski space Derived
General Physics Exam 4. Spring NAME: SECTION: Write your answers and working on the exam paper.
General Physics 95.104. Exam 4. Spring 2011 1 Final Exam REQUIRED: Scientific Calculator Pen (Blue or Black) Formula Sheet (provided) OPTIONAL: Pencil (and eraser) Ruler NOT PERMITTED: Cellphone Smartphone
Fast Neutron Induced Nuclear Counter Effect in Hamamatsu Silicon PIN Diodes and APDs
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Fast Neutron Induced Nuclear er Effect in Hamamatsu Silicon PIN Diodes and APDs This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please
FYS 3120: Classical Mechanics and Electrodynamics
FYS 3120: Classical Mechanics and Electrodynamics Formula Collection Spring semester 2014 1 Analytical Mechanics The Lagrangian L = L(q, q, t), (1) is a function of the generalized coordinates q = {q i
Ch 17 Problem Set 31. A toaster is rated at 600 W when connected to a 120-V source. What current does the toaster carry, and what is its resistance?
Ch 17 Problem Set 31. A toaster is rated at 600 W when connected to a 120-V source. What current does the toaster carry, and what is its resistance? 33. How many 100-W lightbulbs can you use in a 120-V
Pulse-shape shape analysis with a Broad-energy. Ge-detector. Marik Schönert. MPI für f r Kernphysik Heidelberg
Pulse-shape shape analysis with a Broad-energy Ge-detector Marik Barnabé é Heider Dušan Budjáš Oleg Chkvorets Stefan Schönert MPI für f r Kernphysik Heidelberg Outline 1. Motivation and goals 2. BEGe detector
Chapter 4: Magnetic Field
Chapter 4: Magnetic Field 4.1 Magnetic Field 4.1.1 Define magnetic field Magnetic field is defined as the region around a magnet where a magnetic force can be experienced. Magnetic field has two poles,
Calibration of a 1.7 MV Pelletron Accelerator at the University of Florida. Ralph Kelly. Department of Physics, University of Florida
Calibration of a 1.7 MV Pelletron Accelerator at the University of Florida Ralph Kelly Department of Physics, University of Florida The University of Florida has acquired a 1.7MV 5SDH Pelletron tandem
KE = 1 2 mv2 = ev. (1)
The e/m ratio Objective To measure the electronic charge-to-mass ratio e/m, by injecting electrons into a magnetic field and examining their trajectories. We also estimate the magnitude of the earth s
THE CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO OF THE ELECTRON (e/m)
THE CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO OF THE ELECTRON (e/m) INTRODUCTION In this experiment you will be measuring the charge to mass ratio, e/m, of the electron. The h/e apparatus consists of an electron gun, a helium