SURFACE RELIEF GRATING AND RETARDAGRAPHY: OPTICAL MANIPULATION OF AZOBENZENE POLYMER FILMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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1 Finnish-Japanese Workshop on Functional Materials Espoo and Helsinki, Finland Utsunomiya Univesity Center for Optical Research and Education Toyohiko Yatagai SURFACE RELIEF GRATING AND RETARDAGRAPHY: OPTICAL MANIPULATION OF AZOBENZENE POLYMER FILMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
2 OPTICAL FUNCTIONAL DEVICES USING AZOBENZENE POLYMER FILM Photoisomerization Surface relief grating Retardagraphy: recording of optical polarization and reconstruction of complex amplitude Functional devices based on multilayer polymer thin film
3 PHOTOINDUCED MASS TRANSPORT Nanofabrication, photo-mechanical h devices Two beam interference R N N R' Trans form Light Light or thermal Azobenzene R N N R' Cys form Photoinduced surface relief (PSR) formation P. Rochon et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, 136 (1995)
4 POLARIZATION DEPENDENT 50 μm 10 μm
5 MULTIPLE RECORDING GRATINGS Surface relief grating Orthogonal grating structure Hexagonal structure Blazed grating structure
6 RELEIF DEPTH CONTROL BY ELECTRIC FIELD Homogenious Illumination or heating Heating +electric field applied substrate Heater
7 COMPUTER SIMULATION BASED ON VISCOUS FLUID MODEL Navier-Stokes equation Inertial Pressure Viscous Outer force term term term term Continuity equation u: velocity vector
8 COMPUTER SIMULATION OF MASS TRANSFER Nd:YAG Laser (532 nm) Intensity:50 mw/cm 2 :Electric Field :Wave number 1 μm
9 SUMMARY IN SURFACE RELIEF GRATING Origin of mass transfer: gradient of light intensity gradient of light pressure surface tension SRG generation is mainly due to electric dipole interaction with outer electric field.
10 PHOTOINDUCED BIREFRINGENCE Optical storage media, polarization controllable devices Retardagraphy Optical recording technique for the retardance of a birefringent i object Liquid crystal spatial light modulator Multivalued phase recording with a single laser beam Large amount information recording
11 PHOTOTRIGGERED MOLECULAR REORIENTATION Polarization axis Molecular axis Absorption trans-azobenzene Absorption Relaxation cis-azobenzene Absorption
12 PHOTOINDUCED BIREFRINGENCE Irradiation area Polarization axis Azobenzene-containing material
13 POLARIZATION HOLOGRAPHY: RECORDING F Signal beam (Right-circular pol.) Reference beam (Left-circular pol.) Azobenzene film
14 POLARIZATION HOLOGRAPHY: RECONSTRUCTION F Reference beam (Left-circular pol.) Polarization hologram +1 order diffracted beam (Right-circular pol.) 0 order beam (Left-circular pol.)
15 POLARIZATION HOLOGRAPHY: RECONSTRUCTION F Reference beam (Right-circular pol.) -1 order diffracted beam (Left-circular pol.) Polarization hologram 0 order beam (Right-circular pol.) F
16 JONES CALCULUS
17 PRINCIPLE OF RECONSTRUCTION
18 PRINCIPLE OF RETARDAGRAPHY y x y x z z 45 degree-linear polarization Recording laser x-component y-component
19 PRINCIPLE OF RETARDAGRAPHY y x y x z z Elliptical polarization Phase difference (Polarization retardance) Recording laser x-component y-component p
20 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
21 OPTICAL RECORDING BY RATARDAGRAPHY
22 SUMMARY IN RETARDAGRAPY Explanation E l i of polarization i holographic hi characteristics i in photoinduced birefringent films Complex amplitude of signal beam from an object Amplitude: Retardance of photoinduced birefringence Phase: Principal axis of photoinduced birefringence Application to phase-type optical recording by retardagraphy Features of retardagraphy Recording absolute retardance values using a single laser beam High robustness
23 MULTILAYER STRUCTURE BY SIPN COARTING R. Katouf, T. Yatagai and S. Umegaki: Photonics & Nanostructure, 3, 116(2005).
24 MULTILAYER STRUCTURE BY SIPN COARTING R. Katouf, T. Yatagai and S. Umegaki: Photonics & Nanostructure, 3, 116(2005).
25 SUMMARY & PROPOSALS Functional photo material: Azobenzene polumers Photoisomerization Surface relief grating: hologaphy & functional gratings Photo-induced bifringence: retardagrapy, optical memory & polarization devices ( polarization grating for LS devices) Optical multi-layer structure: functional modulator Collaboration: Joensuu University (Design of functional devices)
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