Introduction Types General Transmission-Line Equations Wave Characteristics on Finite. Transmission Lines. Waveguides Optical Fiber

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1 Thory and Appicaion of Tranmiion in Topic nroducion Typ Gnra Tranmiion-in Equaion Wav haracriic on Fini Tranmiion in Wavguid Opica Fibr Tranmiion in Ud for guiding cromagnic EM wav Poin-o-poin guidd ranmiion of powr and informaion from ourc o rcivr.g. daa igna. unguidd=annna Tranvr EM TEM wav appid o mo ranmiion in xcp wavguid. TEM wav -> uniform pan wav 3 Typ caifid by maria Maic Tranmiion in onducor Hoow or Dicric-fid Wavguid onducor and dicric Opica Fibr dicric Tranmiion in Two fundamna yp ow Frquncy ud for powr ranmiion High Frquncy ud for F ranmiion wavngh ar horr han or comparab o h ngh of cab Typ of Maic Tranmiion in Para in Twid Pair Shidd & Unhidd oaxia Microrip Srip in 4 5 No - ranmiion in = conducor - bu ony u urfac 6

2 Para Pair Para in aka ibbon ab Twin ad ab Spacr Simp onrucion Ud primariy for powr in rura phon in or T annna cab Baancd 3 76og D r Baun Baancd o unbaanc ranformr Frq up o MH ovr hor dianc ow o dicric High adiaion o moving currn = A nd o b awar of ohr maic conducor Shidd Unhidd prociv dicric Twid Pair ma cadding Twid Pair Twi nd o canc radiaion o Hp rduc croak Si fairy inxpniv Frquncy < MH Gnray hor dianc anaog ~5-6 km digia ~-3 km AT5 ab UTP 4 pair rminaing in J45 MH max frquncy Mbp ranmi ra Aid: Wir Gaug mar i biggr coaing i papr rubbr P can ao hav ing pair ach wrappd individuay No - powr in inrfrnc

3 oaxia ab oaxia ab Gomry cra a hidd ym no EM nrgy ouid h cab an uppor frqunci > MH an uppor daa ra > GH ow f-inducanc aow grar BW Ud for ong-dianc phon runk urban nwork T cab Expniv + mu kp dicric dry Micro Sripin Embddd Sripin opanar Sripin Sripin o Maic Skin dph ocaid currn fow Dicric o angn Tan Surfac roughn Microrip Ud for vry high frqunci in miconducor 7 E & H Fid Microrip a How do h igna mov Signa pah Y from ourc o oad? ino h pag mmbr fid ar up givn an appid forcing funcion. Sourc Th igna i ray h wav propagaing bwn h conducor X Ecric fid Magnic fid Ground rurn pah 8 Tranmiion Thory urrn and oag chang wih im aong h in h igna uprpoiion of wav in boh dircion bu ovr hor dianc < ar conan Enrgy i o ha - rianc or ord magnic - inducanc capaciiv - capacianc v = i v = di d = Anuaion o i = dv d

4 9 Tranmiion in oncp λ P Tranmiion in λ T oppr Trac PB ubra oppr Pan Microrip W ro Scion of Abov PB W ngrad ircui Sripin T ro cion viw akn hr ia F4 Dicric Signa microrip GroundPowr Signa ripin Signa ripin GroundPowr Signa microrip Ky poin abou ranmiion in opraion oag and currn on a ranmiion in i a funcion of boh im and poiion. f f Th maor dviaion from circui hory wih ranmiion in diribud nwork i hi poiiona dpndnc of voag and currn! Mu hink in rm of poiion and im o undrand ranmiion in bhavior Thi poiiona dpndnc i addd whn h aumpion of h i of h circui bing ma compard o h ignaing wavngh Tranmiion in Mod Tranmiion in Mod con d Tranmiion in Mod con d Diribud circui concp -yp Equivan ircui Mod of a diffrnia ngh of a wo-conducor ranmiion in Uing Kirchhoff voag aw on h circui in h figur or ing w g i h rianc in boh conducor pr uni ngh in W m i h inducanc in boh conducor pr uni ngh in Hm G i h conducanc of h dicric mdia pr uni ngh in Sm i h capacianc bwn h conducor pr uni ngh in Fm 3 4

5 Tranmiion in Mod con d Tranmiion in Mod con d To g anohr quaion raing G and w appy Kirchhoff currn aw on h circui and g: G G or 5 ing in hi quaion ao w g: : Gnra Tranmiion-in Equaion G G Tranmiion in Mod con d Tranmiion in Mod con d Th quaion can b impifid if h voag and h currn ar im-harmonic coin funcion ] [ ] [ 6 h gnra ranmiion in quaion bcom: 3 4 d d Y G d d Wav quaion & ouion Wav quaion & ouion By combining 3 and 4: whr γ i h propagaion conan: 5 6 d d d d Y G α: anuaion conan β: pha conan 7 Th gnra ouion of 5 6 haracriic mpdanc 7 8 Y G G Y β: pha conan Spcia a Spcia a u p o in =G= Diorion in G 8 Diorion in G u p n an infiniy ong in hr ar ony forward raving wav and no rfcd wav. Th cond rm in 7 and 8 wi b ro. Thi i howvr ao ru for a in rminad wih i characriic impdanc. A in i cad a machd in whn h oad impdanc i qua o h characriic impdanc. f w conidr a in wih h characriic impdanc a propagaion conan γ and wih h ngh rminad wih a oad impdanc conncd o Fini Tranmiion in Fini Tranmiion in 9 h ngh rminad wih a oad impdanc conncd o a inuoida voag ourc and hn h voag and currn diribuion on h in can b cacuad a: Fini Tranmiion in Fini Tranmiion in 3

6 Fini Tranmiion in Fini Tranmiion in 3 3 Fini Tranmiion in Fini Tranmiion in 4 3 coh inh inh coh Fini Tranmiion in Fini Tranmiion in 5 anh anh anh npu mpdanc: 33 in anh anh npu mpdanc: Machd oad if = o ca: in an an fcion officin fcion officin 34 min max S fcion officin Sanding Wav aio SW fcion and Tranmiion fcion and Tranmiion +Γ 35 Γ Spcia a o mmbr Spcia a o mmbr = + = o o o o ρ = = o ρ o o A: Trminad in o o B: Shor ircui 36 = + = o o ρ = + = o ρ o o : Opn ircui

7 Wavguid aka pumbing widh i ~ wavngh Wavguid U a diffrn ranmiion mhod Ducing no conducing >GH Expniv May nd o b fid anno urn harp cornr Any dfc wi cau ignifican anuaion parking Opica Fibr an b conidrd circuar wavguid Hiory of Fibr Opic John Tynda dmonraion in 87 Hiory of Fibr opic During 93 ohr ida wr dvopd wih hi fibr opic uch a ranmiing imag hrough a fibr. During h 96 ar wr inroducd a fficin igh ourc n 97 A ga fibr xprincd xciv opica o h o of h igh igna a i ravd h fibr imiing ranmiion dianc. Thi moivad h cini o dvop ga fibr ha incud a paraing ga coaing. Th innrmo rgion wa ud o ranmi h igh whi h ga coaing prvnd h igh from aking ou of h cor by rfcing h igh wihin h boundari of h cor. Today you can find fibr opic ud in variy of appicaion uch a mdica nvironmn o h broadcaing indury. i ud o ranmi voic viion imag and daa igna hrough ma fxib hrad of ga or paic. Opica fibr ranmi igh. Bu wha prvn h igh from caping from h fibr? 4 Toa nrna rfcion i h baic ida of fibr opic 4 4

8 How Do fibr opic ranmi igh? Sourc and ranmir A baic fibr opic communicaion ym coni of hr baic mn: Fibr mdia igh ourc igh dcor Dcor Dcor i h rciving nd of a fibr opic ink. Thr ar wo kind of Dcor. PN Poiiv nrinic Ngaiv. APD Avaanch phoo diod D incion ar diod ED igh miing diod 45 APD PN Th advanag of fibr opic ovr wir cab Thinnr Highr carrying capaciy igna dgradaion igh igna ow powr Fxib Non-fammab ighwigh Diadvanag of fibr opic ovr coppr wir cab Opica fibr i mor xpniv pr mr han coppr Opica fibr can no b oin oghr a aiy a coppr cab. rquir raining and xpniv picing and maurmn quipmn. Fibr Tchnoogy

9 Fibr Tchnoogy Toa inrna fcion Fibr mdia Opica fibr ar h acua mdia ha guid h igh Thr ar hr yp of fibr opic cab commony ud Sp-indx Muimod fibr Sing Mod Paic opic fibr Fibr Typ Fibr Typ Th o of fibr opic Maria aborpion Maria Scaring Wavguid caring Fibr bnding Fibr couping o

10 Fibr Anuaion Fibr Bandwidh Fibr Bandwidh Pu Propagaion hrough Fibr Fibr Anuaion and hromaic Diprion Four Wav Mixing FWM pon of a mui-mod fibr o a ing hor pu nuaion dbkm A Anuaion a Fibr yp TruWav Fibr Diprionunhifd Fibr Diprionhifd EDFA band Fibr Wavngh nm npu Pu Oupu Pu rion pnm km Dip TruWav Fibr 5 km D.5 pnm-km nm nm.5 nm Wavngh nmdiviion dbdiviion Diprion-Shifd Fibr 5 km D pnm-km nm nm.5 nm λ Wavngh nmdiviion Broadning of a hor pu afr ranmiion hrough diffrn yp of fibr + Diprion Opica aunch Powr = 3 dbmchann 58 Fundamna of Phoonic - Sah and Tich 59 Sid oury of San umih 6 Sid oury of San umih