2018 AP PHYSICS 1 FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS. PHYSICS 1 Section II 1 Questions Time 25 minutes
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1 2018 AP FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Time 25 minutes Directions: Question 1 is a long free-response question that requires about 25 minutes to answer and is worth 12 points. Show your work for each part in the space provided after that part. 1. (12 points, suggested time 25 minutes) A toy truck is launched horizontally from a table. In Case A the toy truck hits the floor a horizontal distance 2x from the edge of the table, and in Case B the toy truck hits the floor a horizontal distance x from the table. A student comparing the time the trucks are in the air in these cases states: The farther you go, the longer it takes to get there. The truck in Case A will be in the air longer than the truck in Case B a) Which aspects of the student s statement, if any, are incorrect? b) On the axes below sketch and label a graph of the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity of Truck B as a function of time.
2 c) On the axes below sketch and label a graph of the magnitude of the horizontal component of the velocity of Truck B as a function of time. d) Explain how to use the quantities from the graph in part (b) to determine the time that Truck B is in the air. e) Using the information from the graph in part (b) derive an expression for the time that Truck B is in the air in terms of the given quantities and g. f) Determine the initial speed of Truck B in terms of the given quantities and g.
3 2018 AP FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Directions: Question 1 is a short free-response question that requires about 13 minutes to answer and is worth 2. (7 points, suggested time 13 minutes) Two identical rocks are thrown horizontally by a student from the top of a cliff at time t = 0 as shown above. Rock A is thrown with initial speed of v0. Rock B is with initial speed of 2v0. Air resistance is negligible. The student writes the following equation in a lab notebook: v 2 x = v 2 x0 + 2a x (x x 0 ). The student then predicts, since speeds are squared in the equation, and distances are not, Rock B is going to hit the ocean four times farther away from the base of the cliff than Rock A, since I threw it twice as fast. a) Which aspects of the student s prediction, if any, are incorrect? The student next writes the following equation in the lab notebook: x = x 0 + v x0 t a xt. The student predicts, since speed is multiplied by time in the equation, Rock B will take twice as much time to hit the ocean as Rock A, since I threw it twice as fast. b) Which aspects of the student s prediction, if any, are incorrect?
4 c) On the axes below sketch and label a graph of the magnitude of the horizontal component of the acceleration of Rock A and Rock B as a function of time. d) On the axes below sketch and label a graph of the magnitude of the vertical component of the acceleration of Rock A and Rock B as a function of time AP FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Directions: Question 1 is a short free-response question that requires about 13 minutes to answer and is worth 3. (7 points, suggested time 13 minutes)
5 Two identical rocks are released by a student from the top of a cliff at time t = 0 as shown above. Rock A has no initial velocity and falls straight down. Rock B is given an initial horizontal velocity of magnitude v0 and travels a horizontal distance before it reaches the ocean. The rocks reach the ocean at the same time tf, even though rock B has more distance to cover before splashing into the water. Air resistance is negligible. The student draws the following graphs to describe part of the motion of the rocks, using a coordinate system in which the positive vertical direction is up, the positive horizontal direction is away from the cliff, and the origin of the coordinate system is the point from which the rocks were released. a) Which of the two graphs for horizontal velocity as a function of time, if any, are drawn correctly? Rock A v(horizontal) Rock B v(horizontal) b) Which of the two graphs for vertical velocity as a function of time, if any, are drawn correctly? Rock A v(vertical) Rock B v(vertical) c) Explain how the student can use the correctly drawn graphs to estimate both the height of the cliff AND the horizontal distance Rock B travels before it reaches the ocean. Be sure to reference specific graphs and quantities used from those graphs.
6 2018 AP FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Directions: Question 1 is a short free-response question that requires about 13 minutes to answer and is worth 4. (7 points, suggested time 13 minutes) A student throws a ball straight upward. A friend times how long it takes the ball to reach its maximum height. The student predicts: Faster things take less time. If I throw the ball faster, it will reach its highest point in less time. a) In a clear coherent paragraph-length response explain why the student s prediction is not completely correct. b) Derive an expression for the amount of time it takes the ball to reach its maximum height AP FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
7 Directions: Question 1 is a short free-response question that requires about 13 minutes to answer and is worth 5. (7 points, suggested time 13 minutes) A student throws a ball straight upward in the positive direction and catches it 4 seconds later at the same height. The student makes this graph of the speed of the ball as a function of time. a) What, if anything, is wrong with the student s graph? Briefly explain your answer. b) On the grid below sketch and label a graph of the velocity of the ball as a function of time for the time period 0 to 4 seconds. c) Explain how the student could use the graph in part b) to determine the initial speed of the ball. d) Determine the initial speed of the ball.
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