ISSN Key words: Magnetic force, axial force, Bitter s solenoid, calculating function, circular coils

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1 ISSN 7- Copyight Institute lb-shkenca KTET Jounal of Institute lb-shkenca evistë Shkencoe e Institutit lb-shkenca NJË POCEUË E SHPEJTË HE E THJESHTË PË LLOGITJEN E FOCËS KSILE QË VEPON NË EHT E SOLENOIIT TË BITEIT NEW FST N SIMPLE POCEUE FO CLCULTION OF THE XIL FOCE CTING ON THE SPIES OF BITTE S SOLENOI MYTEZ BNESHI, STIT BHI Univesiteti Politeknik i Tianës, Fakulteti i Inxhinieisë Elektike, Sheshi Nënë Teeza, N., Tianë mbaneshi@gmail.com PËMBLEHJE Në këtë punim kemi paaqitu një poceduë të thjeshtë dhe të shpejtë pë llogaitjen e focave aksiale që vepojnë në dedhat e solenoidit të Biteit, d.m.th. solenoidit densiteti i ymës i të cilit ndyshon në mënyë të zhdejtë me ezen. Pocedua bazohet në pëdoimin e funksionit llogaitës të focës aksiale. Këtu kemi sjellë shpehjen gjysmanalitike të funksionit llogaitës e cila pëmban një tem analitik që shpehet me anën e integalit eliptik të plotë të llojit të dytë dhe një integal, me funksion nënintegal të vazhdueshëm, i cili duhet të llogaitet numeikisht. ezultatet e maa me poceduën e paaqitu i kemi ballafaqua me ato të pëftuaa nga një metodë altenative. ezultatet e maa nga të dy metodat janë në pëputhje mjaft të mië me njëa-tjetën. Fjalët çelës: Foca magnetike, foca aksiale, solenoidi i Biteit, funksioni llogaitës, bobinat ethoe. BSTCT The aim of this pape is to pesent a simple and quick pocedue fo the calculation of axial foces acting on the spies of Bitte s solenoid, e.g. the solenoid in which cuent density in its spies vaies invesely with the adius. The pocedue is based on the use of calculating function of the axial foce. We have bought a semi-analytical expession of the calculating function which involves a analytical tem that is expessed by the complete elliptic integal of second kind and an integal, with continuous integand, that have to be evaluated numeically. The esults obtained by the poposed pocedue ae compaed with ones obtained by an altenative method. Obtained esults by these methods ae in vey good ageement with each othe. Key wods: Magnetic foce, axial foce, Bitte s solenoid, calculating function, cicula coils 1. Hyje Vleësimi i focave të bashkëvepimit në sistemet magnetike pëbën një detyë mjaft të ëndësishme pë analizën dhe pojektimin e tye. Zakonisht, pë llogaitjen e focave magnetike, në hapin e paë pëcaktohet shpëndaja e fushës magnetike. Më tej, njehsimi i focave bëhet ose me ndihmën e focës së Loencit, ose të tensoit të sfocimeve të Maksuellit, ose nëpëmjet deivimit të enegjisë së fushës magnetike në lidhje me koodinatat e pëgjithësuaa të sistemit. Saktësia e llogaitjes së focave në këto aste, vaet nga saktësia e llogaitjes së fushës magnetike. Metodat numeike të bazuaa në elementet e fundme dhe në elementet kufitae, ndonëse pëdoen gjeësisht pë zgjidhjen e poblemeve elektomagnetike, shfaqin pobleme të saktësisë në afësi të thyejeve të kufijve të zonave, pavaësisht nga numi i elementeve të pëdoua [1]. Pë itjen e saktësisë, disa autoë u dejtohen metodave analitike si ajo e ndajes së vaiablave [], apo metodës së pasqyimeve konfome []. Një dejtim tjetë pë itjen e saktësisë është llogaitja e dejtpëdejtë e focave, duke eliminua, në këtë mënyë, hapin e llogaitjes së fushës magnetike. Pë sistemin e ymave në hapësiën ajoe llogaitja e focave sipas këtij dejtimi sillet në llogaitjen e integaleve të caktuaa. Pë shpëndajet e ymave më të pëdoshme në paktikë, siç janë ymat dejtvizoe dhe ethoe, në disa punime sillen pocedua dhe shpehje llogaitëse pë vleësimin e focave. Kështu, në [] jepen disa tabela dhe fomula pë llogaitjen e focës aksiale ndëmjet bobinave ethoe koaksiale të tipave të

2 Baneshi & Badhi ndyshëm, kuse në [5, ] jepen shpehjet analitike dhe gjysmanalitike të focës, pë nxjejen e të cilave shfytëzohet fakti që foca është popocionale me deivatin e induktivitetit ecipok. Theksojmë që numi i punimeve pë llogaitjen e focave ndëmjet bobinave është mjaft i vogël, i kahasua me numin e punimeve pë llogaitjen e induktiviteteve ecipoke [7-9]. Në këtë punim kemi paaqitu një poceduë të shpejtë dhe efikase pë llogaitjen e focave aksiale që vepojnë në dedhat e solenoidit të Biteit. I pojektua pë kijimin e fushave magnetike të fuqishme dhe, pë jedhojë, pë të pëballua foca të mëdha, dedhat e këtij solenoidi pëfaqësojnë disqe unazoe ethoe në të cilat densiteti i ymës ndyshon në mënyë të zhdejtë me ezen [1, 11]. Pocedua e llogaitjes, në themelin e së cilës qëndon llogaitja e integalit të focës, bazohet në pëdoimin e kuptimit të funksionit llogaitës [1, 1] të ndëtua pë astin e analizua. Kemi sjellë shpehjen gjysmanalitike të funksionit llogaitës e cila pëbëhet nga një tem analitik dhe një tem i cili duhet të llogaitet numeikisht. Temi analitik shpehet me anën e integalit eliptik të plotë të llojit të dytë, kuse temi tjetë pëfaqëson një integal të njëfishtë. Funksioni nënintegal i këtij integali është i vazhdueshëm, pandaj pë llogaitjen e tij mund të pëdoet një poceduë standade e integimit numeik. ezultatet e maa me poceduën e paaqitu i kemi ballafaqua me ato të maa me një metodë altenative, e cila bazohet në modelimin e solenoidit me anën e bashkësisë së disqeve unazoe ethoe me të njëjtën ymë. ezultatet e maa pëputhen mjaft mië me njëa-tjetën.. Shpehja e focës aksiale Në figuën 1(a) janë dhënë pëmasat e solenoidit të Biteit me N S dedha, nëpë të cilin jedh yma I S. uke panua hapin e pështjellës p mjaft të vogël, thujen spiale të solenoidit mund ta modelojmë me saktësi të panueshme me anën e dedhave ethoe, ku secilën pej tye mund ta konsideojmë një disk unazo etho i cili shtihet në planin e mesit të dedhës. Pëveç kësaj, vepimin e solenoidit në tëësi mund ta baasvleësojmë me vepimin e pëcjellësit masiv unazo etho me të njëjtat pëmasa nëpë të cilin jedh yma N S I S. Pë jedhojë, llogaitja e focës aksiale që vepon mbi çdo dedhë të solenoidit mund të sillet në llogaitjen e focës aksiale që ushton pëcjellësi masiv mbi diskun unazo etho koaksial me të dhe nëpë të cilin jedh yma I = I S, siç është tegua në figuën 1(b). FIGU 1. () SOLENOII I BITEIT, HE (B) MOELI I PËOU. Në sistemin cilindik të koodinatave të tegua në figuën 1(b) ymat e të dy bobinave kanë vetëm komponenten azimutale, kuse shpëndajet e densiteteve të ymës të pëcjellësit masiv j S dhe të diskut unazo j janë pëkatësisht JS js (S,z S ), 1 S L z S L, (1a) S J j(,z), 1 (1b) ku konstantet J S dhe J lidhen me paametat e pëcjellësit masiv dhe të diskut unazo si më poshtë J S NSIS Lln 1 J I IS () ln 1 Si pasojë e simetisë së sistemit të bobinave, foca e bashkëvepimit pëmban vetëm komponenten aksiale. Pë llogaitjen e kësaj foce pikënisje është foca e bashkëvepimit ndëmjet dy kontueve ethoe koaksiale KTET, Vol. III, N

3 IK1I KK1 KHcosd F K () / K 1 K H K1 K cos është konstantja magnetike e hapësiës ajoe, I K1 dhe I K janë ymat e kontueve pëkatësisht me eze K1 dhe K, kuse H është lagësia ndëmjet planeve të kontueve. Foca aksiale ndëmjet bobinave të analizuaa meet nga integimi i shpehjes () sipas pejeve tëthoe të bobinave, ku kontui 1 zëvendësohet me kontuin elementa me ymë j S ( S, z S )d S dz S dhe koodinata ( S, z S ), kuse kontui zëvendësohet me kontuin elementa me ymë j (, z )d dhe koodinata (, z ). Shpehja e focës, në tajtë integale, duke pasu paasysh (1) dhe (), ezulton NSIS F Lln Baneshi & Badhi llogaitës (5) në tajtë gjysmanalitike ezulton 1 F(,z) 1 E(k) E(k 1) E(k ) L (z zs)cosd k k1 k (7) dz S ds d L 1 1 / 1 S (z zs) S cos z f(,z, ) f( 1,z, ) f1,, d () ku E(k) është integali eliptik i plotë i llojit të dytë / E( k) 1k sin d (8) pëkatësisht me modulet k, k 1 dhe k k, k 1, k (9). Pocedua e popozua Njohja e një pimitive të integalit () do ta sillte poblemin thjesht në zëvendësimin e kufijve të integalit. Në pëgjithësi, integalet e këtij tipi nuk mund të integohen në tajtë të fundme dhe i vetmi ast i njohu pej nesh, ku foca ndëmjet bobinave ethoe shpehet në mënyë analitike, është ai ndëmjet dy solenoidëve koaksialë. Pë astet e tjea jepen shpehje gjysmanalitike të focës të cilat pëbëhen nga dy tema, njëi analitik dhe tjeti një integal, i cili llogaitet në mënyë numeike [5, 1, 1]. Pocedua e popozua qëndon në ndëtimin dhe pëdoimin e funksionit llogaitës pë astin e analizua, i cili është një pimitivë e nomua e integalit (). Si funksion plotësisht i pëcaktua, funksioni llogaitës mund të studiohet duke e sjellë në tajtë të pështatshme pë llogaitje. Gjithashtu pë zona të caktuaa të ndyshimit të vaiablave mund të pëcaktohen shpehje të pëafëta... Shpehja e funksionit llogaitës Funksioni llogaitës i focës (5) nuk mund të integohet në tajtë të fundme pë të gjitha vleat e agumenteve të tij. Në tajtë analitike ai mund të shpehet vetëm pë vlea të veçanta të tye. Funksioni llogaitës mund të sillet në tajtën e dy temave, ku njëi tem shpehet analitikisht me anën e integalit eliptik të plotë të llojit të dytë, kuse temi i dytë pëfaqëson një integal të njëfishtë, me funksion nënintegal të vazhdueshëm, pë integimin e të cilit mund të pëdoet një poceduë e zakonshme e integimit numeik. Mbas integimit sipa ( 1 ) z z Në (7) me f është shënua funksioni cos 1 sin z cos f(,z, ) z tan tan sin zsiny (1) ku Y 1 z cos 1 z sin z cos zsiny (11) Funksioni nënintegal në shpehjen (7) është i.1. Pëcaktimi i funksionit llogaitës uke panua si madhësi bazë të gjatësisë, në bashkësinë e pimitivave të nomuaa të integalit (), si funksion llogaitës zgjedhim funksionin e mëposhtëm 1 1 cosd F (,z) d d d z cos Foca aksiale që vepon mbi dedhë shpehet me anën e funksionit llogaitës të mësipëm si më poshtë N I z L z L F Lln S S 1 1 F, F, () 1 paë të zbëthimit vlea e funksionit nënintegal ezulton (1) Pë z = funksioni llogaitës (5) shpehet në mënyë analitike e cila nga (7) ezulton (5) F(, ) 1 1 E(k ) 1 (1) f(,z, ) z z z ( 1) z ( 1) z ku moduli k meet nga moduli k duke zëvendësua në të z = KTET, Vol. III, N 1

4 Baneshi & Badhi k (1) ( 1 ) Pë = dhe z = maim vleën e mëposhtme të funksionit F F(, ) 8 ( ) (15).. Shpehje të pëafëta Pë llogaitjen e funksionit llogaitës, pë zona të caktuaa të vaiablave dhe z, mund të shfytëzohen shpehje të pëafëta. Më poshtë do të sjellim vetëm një shpehje të pëafët e cila është e vlefshme pë 1. jo meet nga zbëthimi në sei sipas 1/z të funksionit llogaitës (5) 5 5 F(,z) (1) z z 8 z z ku konstantet,, dhe janë ( 1 ) (17) Shpehja (1) jep një gabim jo më të madh se 1.5% në llogaitjen e funksionit F pë z, gabim i cili zvogëlohet dei në.% pë z 5, që do të thotë një pëputhje në shifa me vleë. Pë z 1 pëputhja midis vleës së saktë dhe asaj të pëafët ain në shifa, ndësa pë z në 8 shifa.. Shembull numeik Si shembull ilustativ kemi analizua solenoidin e Biteit me eze pëkatësisht 1 = 15 mm, = mm, hap të pështjellës p = 1 mm dhe numë dedhash N S = 1. o të llogaitim focën aksiale që vepon në dedhën n = 1, në qoftë se yma e solenoidit është I S = 1 k. Gjatësia e solenoidit është L NSp 7mm kuse koodinatat e dedhës së analizua, pë sistemin koodinativ të tegua në figuën 1(b) ezulton z 91mm Në bazë të këkesave të shpehjes (), llogaitim Lln N S I S ( / ) 1 1 z L. 5, z1. 758, z z L si dhe vleat e funksionit llogaitës pë vleat e mësipëme të vaiablave dhe z, të cilat në bazë të shpehjes (7) janë F(,z1 ) dhe F(,z ) tëheë, madhësia e focës që vepon në dedhën e shqytua ezulton F N (18) Pë të testua poceduën e popozua, dedhat e solenoidit i kemi modelua me disqe unazoe ethoe. Foca që vepon në diskun n llogaitet si shumë e focave që ushtojnë disqet e tjea N F S F n (19) n1 nn ku F n është foca që ushton disku me indeksin n mbi diskun me indeksin n. uke pëdou poceduën e dhënë në [1] pë F n, nga (19) maim ezultatin e mëposhtëm të focës që ushtohet në dedhën me n = 1 F N e cila ndyshon nga vlea e dhënë në (18) vetëm me.8%. PËFUNIME Në këtë punim paaqitëm një poceduë të thjeshtë dhe efikase pë llogaitjen e focës aksiale që vepon në dedhat e solenoidit të Biteit, d.m.th. solenoidit densiteti i ymës në dedhat e të cilit ndyshon në pëpjesëtim të zhdejtë me ezen. jo konsiston në pëdoimin e funksionit llogaitës të focës aksiale të ndëtua pë këtë qëllim. Funksioni llogaitës është sjellë në tajtën e dy temave ku njëi është shpehu analitikisht me anën e integalit eliptik të plotë të llojit të dytë, kuse tjeti është një integal i cili mund të integohet me anën e një pocedue të zakonshme të integimit numeik. Pë vlea të veçanta të vaiablave, pë funksionin llogaitës është sjellë shpehja analitike e tij, si dhe një shpehje e pëafët. ezultatet e maa me anën e poceduës së paaqitu pëputhen mjaft mië me ezultatet e maa me një metodë altenative tjetë. BIBLIOGFI 1. Conway J.T., Tigonometic Integals fo the Magnetic Field of the Coil of ectangula Coss Section, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol.,, Kuma P., Baue P., Impoved nalytical Model of a Pemanent-Magnet Bushless C Moto, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., 8, KTET, Vol. III, N

5 Baneshi & Badhi. Makovic M., Jufe M., Peiad Y., nalytical Foce etemination in an Electomagnetic ctuato, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., 8, Gove F.W., Inductance Calculations. Woking Fomuas and Tables, New Yok, ove Publications, Babic S., kyel C., Magnetic Foce Calculation Between Thin Coaxial Cicula Coil in i, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., 8, Shii., Shoulaie., New Methodology fo Magnetic Foce Calculations Between Plana Spial Coils, Pogess in Electomagnetic eseach, 95, 9, Babic S., kyel C., New analytic-numeical solutions fo the mutual inductance of two coaxial cicula coils with ectangula coss section in ai, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., No.,, Babic S., kyel C., Calculating Mutual Inductance Between Cicula Coils with Inclined xes in i, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., No. 7, 8, Conway J.T., Noncoaxial Inductance Calculations Without the Vecto Potential fo xisymmetic Coils and Plana Coils, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., No., 8, Eyssa Y.M., Makiewicz W.., Wise P.P., Plastic Stess nalysis of Pulse and esistive Magnets, IEEE Tans. on Magnetics, Vol., No., 199, Montgomey. Buce, Solenoid Magnet esign, New Yok, Willey-Intescience, Baneshi M., Cipo P., hma L., Hamiti E., Calculation of foce between two coaxial diskconductos by calculating functions, J. of pplied Electomagnetism, Vol., No.,, 1-, Geece. 1. Baneshi M., Zavalani O., Pjeti., The use of calculating function fo the evaluation of axial foce between two coaxial disk coils, Intenational Ph- Semina Computational Electomagnetics and Technical pplications, Banja Luka,, 1-. KTET, Vol. III, N

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