Mark Scheme (Result s) Summer 2010

Transcription

1 Scheme (Result s) Summer 2010 GCSE GCSE Physical Educat ion (1827/ 01) Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

2 Edexcel is one of t he leading examining and awarding bodies in t he UK and t hroughout t he world. We provide a wide range of qualificat ions including academic, vocat ional, occupat ional and specific programmes for employers. Through a net work of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel s cent res receive t he support t hey need t o help t hem deliver t heir educat ion and t raining programmes t o learners. For furt her informat ion, please call our GCE line on , our GCSE t eam on , or visit our websit e at If you have any subj ect specific quest ions about t he cont ent of t his Scheme t hat require t he help of a subj ect specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at t he following link: ht t p:/ / About us/ cont act -us/ Summer 2010 All t he mat erial in t his publicat ion is copyright Edexcel Lt d 2010

3 Quest ion 1(a) Q - correct definit ion of fit ness B (The abilit y t o meet t he demands of t he environment ) (b) Q - relat es t o overload t raining A (Making t he body work harder t o increase fit ness) (c) Q - describes an isot onic muscle cont ract ion C (Muscle cont ract ion result ing in movement ) (d) Q - effect ive use of power B (A t ennis player serving an Ace ) (e) Q - At hlet e s foot is C (A fungus) (f) Q - when t he recovery posit ion should be used? C (When a performer is inj ured and unconscious but breat hing) (g) Q - Which of t he following is an accurat e st at ement C (Capillaries are t he smallest of t he blood vessels) (h) Q - What t ype of bones are t he vert ebrae? D (Irregular) (i) Q - Which of t he following is t he t rue st at ement? D (Fast t wit ch muscle fibres are used in anaerobic act ivit ies) (j) Q - Which st at ement gives a descript ion and example of an involunt ary muscle B (This muscle t ype is not consciously cont rolled, for example t he muscles in t he digest ive syst em) Total for Question 1 (10) TOTAL FOR SECTION ONE: 10 MARKS 3

4 Quest ion 2(a) (i) Physical Physical (accept ment al) Do not accept social (iii) (iv) (b) Social Ment al IF TRUE: 1. True At first t hey want ed t o play wit h friends/ ot her benefit 2. but now do it t o keep healt hy/ ot her benefit. (c) IF FALSE: 1. False it doesn t mat t er what age/ will st ill have same reasons, 2. e.g part icipat e t o meet friends/ increase/ maint ain healt h/ relax in relation to image / feeling: 1. losing weight does not necessarily make people look bet t er/ feel bet t er/ might look worse. in relation to physical consequence: 2. could lead t o being underweight / t oo t hin/ lose t oo much weight / anorexic/ ill (2) 3. e.g. Weight should be considered in t erms of being healt hy not how t he individual looks. (2 marks for t his answer if given in full) (2) Total for Question 2 (8) 4

5 Quest ion 3a Performer Weight Lift er holding weight above head (i) Most import ant component (Muscular) St rengt h Why t his is t he most import ant component 1. Use: allows him t o lift t he weight 2. no ot her component s would allow him t o lift weight Rower 8 minut es int o t he race Muscular endurance (Allow CV but can only be used once) 1. Allows muscles / equiv (accept arms) t o cont inue working / use muscles f or a long t ime/ finish t he race. 2. Alt hough st rengt h is import ant t hat alone would be insufficient for an endurance act ivit y. Long dist ance runner 1 hour in t o t he marat hon Cardiovascular endurance (Allow muscular endurance can only be used once) 1. allows t hem t o cont inue t o work for a long period of t ime/ keep running/ finish t he race/ equiv 2. t he ot her component s will be used by t he runner but none allow f or prolonged act ivit y required in t his event. Golfer t aking a short put t Co-ordinat ion 1. so t he ball goes in t he hole / need t o use hand/ eye coordinat ion. 2. Short lived act ion t herefore does not require endurance. Only hit a short dist ance t herefore st rengt h not a fact or. (i) 1 mark for correct ly st at ed component (4) 3(b) (i) (iii) 1 mark for ident ifying use of component 1 mark for explaining why t his component is more import ant t han anot her component. Speed Power Agilit y/ React ion Time (8) Total for Question 3 (15) 5

6 Quest ion 4 1. Specificit y is relat ing t he t raining t o act ivit y/ sport / equiv 2. Individual Needs relat ing t raining t o person. e.g. st rengt hs/ weaknesses/ level of fit ness/ experience/ age/ weight / height equiv 3. Therefore t he difference is t hat specificit y is linked t o t he act ivit y, whereas individual needs considers t he individual. E.g. you could complet e Fart lek t raining as appropriat e t o games players, but wit hin it you would design a different programme for different individuals based on current fit ness/ equiv. 1 mark for each correct st at ement (3) Quest ion 5 1. Threshold is a range/ zone/ t raining zone 2. There should be a lower and upper limit 3. Working wit hin t he t hreshold should give safe t raining effect 4. Normally 60% - 80% (of max HR) (allow range bet ween 60 85% / allow HR range if age st at ed and correct ) Max 2 marks for point s This is because it mat ches t he int ensit y/ equiv of t he act ivit y/ working anaerobically compared t o aerobically (3) 6

7 Quest ion 6 Body Syst em (i) Immediat e effect Regular t raining effect Respirat ory Increased rat e/ dept h of breat hing Drop in rest ing respirat ory rat e/ Increased ef ficiency of gas exchange at alveoli/ Slight increase in vit al capacit y/ Slight increase in t idal volume/ Increased Vo2 max Increased surface area of alveoli Circulat ory Increased HR/ SV/ Blood Flow/ cardiac out put. Drop in rest ing HR/ Increased SV Increased maximum cardiac out put / Cardiac hypert rophy/ Increased capillarisat ion/ Increased red blood cell count Skelet al St ronger bones/ increased bone densit y. Muscular Fat igue/ equiv Bigger muscles/ more muscular Increased st rengt h/ Muscle hypert rophy/ Increased muscular endurance/ Increased mit ochondria/ Increased myoglobin (3 + 4) Total for Question 6 (7) 7

8 Quest ion 7(a) 1. being at t he right / best weight / not being t oo heavy/ equiv 2. based on your st at ure/ height / build/ equiv 3. for t he act ivit ies t hey are involved in/ long dist ance runner light er t han sumo wrest ler/ equiv 1 mark from each row, max 2 marks (2) (b) 1. Sex/ gender 2. Height / equiv 3. Bone st ruct ure/ densit y 4. Muscle size/ girt h Allow body composit ion as alt ernat ive t o 3. or 4. but only once. Any t wo, maximum of 2 marks (2) Total for Question 7 (4) Quest ion 8 Group 1 safet y/ prevent inj ury / equiv Group 2 see who t he winner is/ get a result or equiv/ fair Group 3 fun/ excit ement (maint ain a fast pace)/ ent ert ainment / enj oyable/ not -boring/ st op t ime wast ing/ keep game flowing/ equiv (3) 8

9 Quest ion 9 It em of safet y equipment Shin guards (a) Act ivit y where used Any appropriat e game act ivit y (foot ball; rugby; hockey) (b) Why it is needed for act ivit y Might get kicked in shins by opponent / equiv Prot ect against cut s/ bruises/ blows/ (grazes) / equiv/ Gum shield Padding around post s Any appropriat e act ivit y (boxing; rugby; hockey) Any appropriat e game act ivit y (accept boxing if not previously used) Might get hit in t he mout h by opponent / equiv Prot ect against punches/ clash of heads/ broken t eet h/ equiv Might run int o post s during play, prevent s bruising/ concussion Landing mat s Any appropriat e act ivit y (t rampolining; gymnast ics, high j ump, pole vault ) Breaks fall (during movement if carried out incorrect ly)/ st op from falling on hard surface/ Reduces chance of (neck) inj ury due t o bad landing/ falling off/ landing funny and breaking somet hing/ equiv Buoyancy aids Any appropriat e act ivit y (sailing/ canoeing/ wat er sport s/ swimming) Reduces risk of drowning/ keeps t hem afloat / equiv ing guidance credit specific link t o act ivit y or specific inj ury associat ed wit h act ivit y (provided links t o prot ect ive it em) (5 + 5) Total for Question 9 (10) 9

10 Quest ion 10(a) (i) (iii) (b) Heart rat e Tidal volume St roke volume 1 SV/ HR 2 St roke volume and heart rat e 3 (i) and (iii) Accept any from point s 1-3 Total for Question 10 (4) Quest ion 11(a)(i) B 1. Arrow shows air flow inwards 2. Lungs inflat ed/ bigger/ expand / equiv 3. More space for lungs/ equiv 4. (Arrow indicat es) diaphragm has moved down/ flat t ened/ cont ract s/ equiv 5. (Arrows indicat e) ribs moved up and/ or out / increased t horacic cavit y/ expand Point per correct response t o max 3 (3) (b)(i) Higher concent rat ion/ increased (percent age)/ equiv (of oxygen in t he lungs during inspirat ion t han expirat ion.) 1. Some oxygen is used by t he body/ muscles / goes t o t he muscles 2. t o release energy/ produce energy/ for respirat ion (2) (c)(i) Carbon dioxide/ CO2/ Nit rogen Expect ed response relat es t o CO2, but must credit Nit rogen if st at ed There is less Accept increase ONLY if linked t o expirat ion remain const ant / equiv Total for Question 11 (9) 10

11 Quest ion 12 Ossificat ion Compact Epiphysis Joint (4) Total for Question 12 (4) Quest ion 13(a)(i) Pivot Rot at ion Flexion & ext ension (2) (b)(i) Hip Ball & Socket Abduct ion & adduct ion Total for Question 13 (5) Quest ion 14 (a) Biceps/ bicep brachii (b) Quadriceps (c) Gast rocnemius (d) Delt oid/ lat issimus dorsi (e) Abdominals Also accept int ernal/ (ext ernal obliques) Total for Question 14 (5) TOTAL FOR SECTION TWO: 80 MARKS 11

12 Quest ion 15(a) (i) 1. Improve healt h t hrough exercise/ equiv. 2. Relevant example/ e.g. drop in rest ing blood pressure/ lower rest ing heart rat e/ less chance of CHD/ equiv/ accept reference t o ment al/ social healt h 1 mark for each point. (2) 1. If fit ness increased performance increases (or fit ness decreases performance decreases) 2. as bet t er able t o meet t he demands/ performance decreases due t o overt raining/ equiv 3. Accept any relevant example. Second point for explaining link (expect ing +ve but accept eit her provided argument, i.e. not j ust goes up/ down). (2) (b) (i) 1. pulse raise/ j ogging/ increasing HR/ cardiovascular/ aerobic 2. st ret ching (muscles)/ mobilising (j oint s) 3. act ivit y specific drills/ increased act ivit y/ skill-relat ed act ivit y / small sided games 1 mark/ correct it em must be st at ed in t his order. (3) 1. (Physical example) - increase heart rat e/ blood flow/ oxygen delivery/ t emperat ure/ increase flexibilit y/ accept ot her relevant examples. 2. Credit second physical example (2 nd mark for 2 nd example from list in point 1) / prepares you physically (only credit if not already credit ed prepares you ment ally) 3. (Ment al example) - allows performer t o focus on t ask / in t he zone/ bet t er concent rat ion / reduce anxiet y 4. Credit second ment al example (2 nd mark f or 2 nd example from list in point 3)/ prepares you ment ally (only credit if not already credit ed prepares you physically) 5. Pract ise t ask 6. Leads t o improved performance (only credit if achieved or 5) (3) (c) (i) Soft t issue/ sprain/ st rain/ t orn muscle/ pulled muscle/ t orn (Achilles) t endon RICE/ rest, ice, compression, elevat ion (d) (i) Reversibilit y Performer C (iii) 1. heart rat e increases / decreases and t hen increases/ equiv 2. Demonst rat es a drop in fit ness/ lack of abilit y t o t rain (2) 12

13 (e) (f) 1. reduce calorie int ake/ reduce amount eat en/ eat fewer fat s/ equiv 2. as t hey will be expending less energy/ not burning as many calories / do not want t o gain weight / not doing as much act ivit y/ equiv (2) 1. Moderat ion 2. Progression 3. Individual needs Any t wo, Any order (2) Total for Question 15 (20) Quest ion 16(a)(i) 1. Oxygen t ransport / equiv 2. Regulat ing t emperat ure 3. Removing Co2/ lact ic acid/ t ransport nut rient s/ wast e mat erials. Any point 1. More efficient t ransf er/ more oxygen 2. improved energy product ion/ more aerobic energy/ can work for longer Point 2 is ext ension mark (2) (iii) Used in recovery/ t o allow performer t o sprint again/ equiv (b)(i) 1. Amount of oxygen consumed/ used/ needed/ paying back/ required 2. above t hat which would normally be used 3. at rest / pre-exercise st at e. (3) Anaerobically (iii) (c)(i) 1. reference t o need f or recovery/ rest / equiv 2. reference t o varying int ensit ies/ aerobically t o prevent / reduce oxygen debt / equiv 3. credit reference t o an appropriat e select ion of t raining met hod accept any t wo, any order NB Different ial quest ion (2) 1. Different exercises/ st at ions/ separat e act ivit ies/ range of st at ions 2. Flexible met hod/ work everyt hing or can be t ailored t o specific muscles/ skills/ act ivit ies. 3. set t ime/ number of reps/ equiv 4. move from st at ion t o st at ion/ equiv 5. allowing t ime for muscle recovery/ work for period t hen rest / alt ernat ing muscle groups worked. 6. Credit responses relat ing t o advant ages i.e. large numbers in a small space/ no specialist equipment required/ low cost (3) 13

14 Hope/ sprint er (d)(i) Jade/ long dist ance - Cont inuous/ Fart lek Hope/ sprint er - Int erval/ Weight (e)(i) Ect omorph Jade/ Long distance running advantage 1. Less weight (t o carry)/ equiv 2. Longer st ride lengt h (due t o relat ively long limbs) Accept appropriat e advant age even if body t ype is incorrect ly st at ed. Mesomorph Hope/ Sprinting advantage 1. (More muscle t herefore) more power/ speed/ equiv Accept appropriat e advant age even if body t ype is incorrect ly st at ed. Total for Question 16 (20) 14

15 Quest io n 17(a) Bone (i) Bone Type Function of bone type Carpals Short Weight bearing/ support / shock absorbing (iii) Performer Gymnast / C Tennis/ B (iv) Explanation/ use Is able t o support body weight t o hold balance. Absorbs shock of ball hit t ing racket Cranium Flat Prot ect ion Foot baller / A Prevent s inj ury t o brain / (Prot ect s) when heading ball. Muscle at t achment To allow Movement / Force/ equiv. Humerus Long Act as levers Tennis/ B Gymnast / C Lever - Can hit t he ball (harder) / reaching t he ball. blood product ion NB (iii) Advant age/ use MUST relat e t o image Tennis player/ Gymnast B/ C alt ernat ive Blood product ion oxygen t ransport (RBC) ( ) (12) Only accept each performer once 15

16 (b) Component A Name (i) Muscle/ Quadricep Function Movement / Ext end leg at knee How it is used by the badminton player (iii) Move t o play shot s/ equiv B Tendon At t ach muscle t o bone C Ligament Join bone t o bone/ st abilise t he j oint can change direct ion t o reach shut t le/ make sharp movement s on court prevent s dislocat ion when reaching for shut t le ( ) (8) Total for Question 17 (20) TOTAL FOR SECTION THREE: 60 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER: 150 MARKS 16

17 17

18 Furt her copies of t his publicat ion are available from Edexcel Publicat ions, Adamsway, Mansfield, Not t s, NG18 4FN Telephone Fax publicat ions@linneydirect.com Summer 2010 For more informat ion on Edexcel qualificat ions, please visit quals Edexcel Limit ed. Regist ered in England and Wales no Regist ered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH 18