in photon-photon interactions at L3 production Jet and hadron Jet cross-sections Conclusions Inclusive π 0 production Inclusive h ± production
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1 Jet and hadron production in photon-photon interactions at L3 Maria Novella Kienzle-Focacci Université degenève e + e e + e hadrons event selection Inclusive π 0 production Inclusive h ± production Jet cross-sections Conclusions M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page ) Frascati 8/4/2003
2 Event selection e + e e + e hadrons number of events cut L3 89 GeV data PHOJET PYTHIA e + e e + e hadrons background E tot 40% s # particles 6 Anti-tag : reject if E Lumi >30 GeV W 2 vis =( i E i) 2 ( i p i) 2 W vis < W γγ W vis > 5GeV Calorimeters Energy / (2E beam ) M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 2) Frascati 8/4/2003
3 e + e e + e hadrons Events /4 GeV L3 data GeV PHOJET PYTHIA background W vis < s>= 94 GeV L = 44pb 2 million events Main backgr. ( 5%): e + e e + e τ + τ e + e hadrons Monte Carlo : PYTHIA 5.722, PHOJET.05c Phase space defined by MC: Wγγ 2 < 5GeV,Q 2 < 8GeV 2 M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 3) Frascati 8/4/2003
4 Inclusive single hadron production π 0 and KS 0 published in PLB524 (200)44. π ± and K ± published in PLB554 (2003)5. π 0 and K 0 S reconstruction Mγγ γγ combinations / 5 MeV 0.2 < pt < 0.4 GeV η < M(γγ) γγ combinations / 5 MeV < pt <.5 GeV η < M(π + π - ) Events / MeV 0.2 < pt < 0.4 GeV η < M(π + π - ) Events / MeV 0.8 < pt < GeV η <.5 M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 4) Frascati 8/4/2003
5 π 0 :ComparisonwithNLOQCD dσ / d L3 η < 0.5 Data π 0 NLO QCD Scale dependence Direct Direct gamma dσ / d η [pb] > GeV Data π 0 NLO QCD Scale dependence Direct η Measurements exceed QCD predictions (B.A.Kniehl) at high No anomaly in η distribution M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 5) Frascati 8/4/2003
6 h ± selection dn / d [tracks / GeV] Data h ± MC e + e e + e τ + τ MC e + e qq MC e + e W + W MC e + e τ + τ Track selection: > 400 MeV, DCA < 4 mm, > 80% expected hits. η < σ pt / (0.05 GeV ) Efficiency 60 80% Systematics : MC models: 5-25% Selection efficiency: -% Background subtraction: 0.-5% M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 6) Frascati 8/4/2003
7 π ± and K ± Separation by Monte Carlo ratios (JETSET 7.409). dσ / d Data π ± Data π 0 dσ / d 5 3 Data K ± Data K S p t Good agreement with π 0 and K 0 s data M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 7) Frascati 8/4/2003
8 Comparison with OPAL dσ / d L3 h ± OPAL h ± ( η <, W γγ > GeV) dσ / d K. Ackerstaff et al. Eur. Phys. J. C 6 (999) 253. < s> 65 GeV, η < L3 K S 0 OPAL K S 0 ( η <.5, W γγ > GeV) M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 8) Frascati 8/4/2003
9 Fits to the data dσ / d charged hadrons exponential power-law For <.5 GeV Exponential Ae /< > < > 230 MeV for π ±,π MeV for K ±,K 0 S Soft interactions For >.5 GeV power law Ap B t.5 < 5. GeV B = 4.2 ± 0.2 χ 2 /d.o.f. =4.7/2 5.0 < 20. GeV B = 2.6 ± 0.3 χ 2 /d.o.f. =0.7/2 Direct and resolved (QCD) M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 9) Frascati 8/4/2003
10 Diagrams contributing to γγ interactions Monte Carlo models : VDM, LO QCD (DGLAP), e + e + pdf in the photon γ SOFT: ρ, ω, Φ ρ, ω, Φ γ e - e - HARD: e + e + γ VDM q e + e + γ q e + e + γ g spectator jet g e - γ e - q e - γ g e - q spectator jet e - γ g e - g spectator jet Direct Single Resolved Double Resolved M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page ) Frascati 8/4/2003
11 Comparison with Theory dσ / d Data π ± NLO QCD Scale depend. Direct dσ (direct) / dσ (total) L3 NLO QCD PYTHIA Data Measurements exceed QCD predictions (B.A.Kniehl) at high The data are largely beyond the direct contribution M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page ) Frascati 8/4/2003
12 Comparison with Monte Carlo dσ / d charged hadrons PYTHIA PHOJET dσ /d [pb/gev] L3 and full Pythia π 0 v v p t PHOJET is too low (similar to NLO calculations) PYTHIA has changed! Becomes consistent with PHOJET M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 2) Frascati 8/4/2003
13 Compare Pythia versions.4.2 direct 2 gγ qq v.5.722/v v / v Striking difference, pointing to QCD diagrams! 0 20 p T M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 3) Frascati 8/4/2003
14 Jet analysis Generated jets : γ, π ±, p, n, k ± Reconstructed jets : tracks 0.4 0GeV e.m. clusters E>0.GeV Kinematical range : > 3GeV η < Algorithms DURHAM : y ij =2min(Ei 2,E2 j )( cos θ ij)/evis 2 y cut =0. KTCLUS : d ij = min(p 2 ti,p2 tj )((η i η j ) 2 +(Φ i Φ j ) 2 )/D 2 D = M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 4) Frascati 8/4/2003
15 Durham Jet definition 7 6 cut jet 5 cut selected jet Number of events jets 2 jets Number of events selected jets 3 selected jets Ycut Ycut y cut =0. maximise 2-jet events Number of jets with > 3GeV and η < independent of y cut M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 5) Frascati 8/4/2003
16 Particles inside a jet 4 DURHAM 4 KTCLUS 3 Data PHOJET PYTHIA 3 Data PHOJET PYTHIA jets 2 jets number of part. per jet number of part. per jet Less particles in KTCLUS jets Durham is used at LEP for e + e, spherical configurations KTCLUS is used in cylindrical configurations and NLO theory M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 6) Frascati 8/4/2003
17 Jets Durham KTCLUS number of jets Data MC e + e e + e τ + τ MC e + e τ + τ MC e + e qq MC e + e W + W number of jets Data MC e + e e + e τ + τ MC e + e τ + τ MC e + e qq MC e + e W + W Systematics due to Monte Carlo model : 5-60 % M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 7) Frascati 8/4/2003
18 Jets: ComparisonwithOPAL Using KTCLUS algorithm 2 L3 prel. OPAL dσ / de t - K. Ackerstaff et al. Z. Phys.C 73 (997) 433. < s> 33 GeV, W γγ > 3GeV E t M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 8) Frascati 8/4/2003
19 Jets: Fits and NLO calculations Using KTCLUS algorithm NLO QCD : S. Frixione and L. Bertora dσ / d L3 preliminary A -B B= all 4.0 low 4.05 high dσ / d Againanexcessathighpt!For 2 2 process B=3 data prel. NLO QCD M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 9) Frascati 8/4/2003
20 Conclusions Unexpected deviations from theoretical predictions are observed: σ(γγ hadrons) dσ/d of π 0 and π ± for > 5GeV dσ/d of inclusive jet production for > 20GeV σ(γγ b b) Two questions arise : Are these phenomena correlated? Which is their origin? M. N. Kienzle-Focacci Jet and hadron production (page 20) Frascati 8/4/2003
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