11/11/2017. Randal W. Samstag, MS, PE, BCEE Civil and Sanitary Engineer Bainbridge Island, WA US

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1 11/11/017 Randal W. Samsag, MS, PE, BCEE Cl and Sanary Engneer Banbrdge Island, WA S To gan some ndersandng of how compaonal fld dynamcs (CFD) can help s o beer ndersand waer resorce recoery facles sng an open sorce ool. 1

2 11/11/017 If we know wha s happenng whn he essel, hen we are able o predc he behaor of he essel as a reacor. Thogh fne n prncple, he aendan complees make mpraccal o se hs approach. Ocae Leenspel (197) Compaonal fld dynamcs (CFD) changes hs pcre. sng CFD, we can compe hree-dmensonal elocy felds and follow neracons of reacans and prodcs hrogh a ank. We can se hs nformaon o opmze ank geomery and o mproe desgns and operaon. TIME TOPIC INSTRCTOR AND AFFILIATION 8:30 o 9:15 Welcome and Inrodcon o CFD for WRRF Randal Samsag, Cl and Sanary Engneer 9:15 o 10:00 Good Modelng Pracce for CFD Edward Wcklen, Carollo Engneers 10:00 o 10:30 Break 10:30 o 1:00 Inrodcon o CFD sng Open FOAM Nelson Marqes, blecape 1:00 o 1:30 Lnch 1:30 o 3:00 Geng Sared wh OpenFOAM: Eample Case (Parshall flme) - Sep, Meshng, Pre Processng, Smlaon and Pos Processng 3:00 o 3:30 Break Nelson Marqes, blecape 3:30 o 4:00 CFD for flow splng Edward Wcklen, Carollo Engneers 4:00 o 5:00 OpenFOAM case: Flow Splng Nelson Marqes, blecape

3 11/11/017 TIME TOPIC INSTRCTOR AND AFFILIATION 8:30 o 9:00 Welcome and Bref Inrodcon o CFD for WRRF and nsallaon of sofware for parcpans who cold no aend Day One Randal Samsag, Cl and Sanary Engneer Nelson Marqes, blecape 9:00 o 9:30 CFD for mng Edward Wcklen, Carollo Engneers Sephen Sanders, IBIS Grop CFD 9:30 o 10:00 OpenFOAM case sdy: Mng Nelson Marqes, blecape 10:00 o 10:30 Break 10:30 o 11:00 CFD for Sedmenaon: Calbraon Modelng Alonso Grboro, Hazen and Sawyer and Verfcaon 11:00 o 1:00 OpenFOAM case sdy: Sedmenaon Nelson Marqes, blecape 1:00 o 1:30 Lnch 1:30 o :00 CFD of Dsnfecon Facles Edward Wcklen and Sephen Sanders :00 o 3:00 OpenFOAM case sdy: lraole Nelson Marqes, blecape Dsnfecon 3:00 o 3:30 Break 3:30 o 4:45 OpenFOAM adanced opcs: Makng yor Nelson Marqes, blecape own cases 4:45 o 5:00 Wrap-p and Adorn Randal Samsag, Cl and Sanary Engneer IWA CFD Workng Grop The WG nends o sole shorcomngs arsng from lack of knowledge of CFD n he waer and wasewaer commny n he shor erm by prodcng papers and books as well as hands-on ranng for he IWA MIA members (and beyond). Frhermore, a book dedcaed for ranng new people n he waer/wasewaer feld wll be prodced. 3

4 11/11/017 Pblshed Papers Good Modellng Pracce n Applyng Compaonal Fld Dynamcs for WWTP Modellng, WEFTEC 01 A proocol for he se of compaonal fld dynamcs as a sppore ool for wasewaer reamen plan modellng, WST Compaonal Fld Dynamcs: an mporan modellng ool for he waer secor, IWC Conference Good Modellng Pracce n Applyng Compaonal Fld Dynamcs for WWTP Modellng, WST (016) CFD for Wasewaer: An Oerew, WST (016) Workshops WEFTEC 01 (Flen) WWTMod 01 Waermae 015 (OpenFOAM) WEFTEC 016 (Flow-3D) WEFTEC 017 (OpenFOAM) Book Proecs IWA Scenfc and Techncal Repor CFD for Waer Book for Sdens and Praconers 4

5 11/11/017 Web: hp://rsamsag.com/ Phone: +1 (06) Emal: 5

6 11/11/017 Randal W. Samsag, MS, PE, BCEE Cl and Sanary Engneer Banbrdge Island, WA S Wha s CFD? How s done? Wha s good for? Conclsons 6

7 11/11/017 Wha s CFD (compaonal fld dynamcs)?... flows and relaed phenomena can be descrbed by paral dfferenal eqaons, whch canno be soled analycally ecep n specal cases. To oban an appromae solon nmercally, we hae o se a dscrezaon mehod whch appromaes he dfferenal eqaons by a sysem of algebrac eqaons, whch can hen be soled on he comper. - Ferzger and Perc (00) Compaonal Technqes for Fld Dynamcs, 3 rd Edon, Sprnger. Compaonal fld dynamcs, hen, s a separae dscplne, dsnc from and spplemenng boh epermenal and heorecal fld dynamcs, wh s own echnqes, s own dffcles, and s own realm of ly, offerng new perspeces n he sdy of physcal processes. - Roach, P.J. (198) Compaonal Fld Dynamcs, Hermosa Pblshers. Naer-Sokes Eqaons Generalzed Transpor Eqaon Trblence Reynolds Aeragng Prandl mng lengh model k-epslon model Large Eddy Smlaon Dscrezaon Fne Dfference Fne Elemen Fne Volme Grdless Mehods 7

8 11/11/017 Solon echnqes Vorcy / sream fncon mehod SIMPLE algorhm sng 3D ranspor models for solds ranspor Volme of Fld Mehod for open waer srface modellng sng 3D ranspor for boknecs Ml-phase models for waer and ar Drf fl model for sedmenaon Wcklen e al. (016) Good modellng pracce n applyng compaonal fld dynamcs for WWTP modellng, WST, 73 (5)

9 11/11/017 Wcklen e al. (016) Wcklen e al. (016) 9

10 11/11/017 Wcklen e al. (016) Wcklen e al. (016) 10

11 11/11/017 Hand Coded Forran C++ Commercal plaforms (Eamples) ANSYS (Flen and CFX) Cd-adapco (STAR-CCM+ and STAR-CD) FLOW Scence (FLOW-3D) COMSOL Mlphyscs CHAM (PHOENICS) Open sorce plaforms OpenFOAM 11

12 11/11/017 1

13 11/11/017 Wha can be done wh CFD? Wasewaer Treamen Eamples Samsag e al. (016) CFD for Wasewaer: An Oerew, Waer Scence and Technology, 74 (3),

14 11/11/017 Parshall Flme (Day 1) Spler Bo (Day 1) Mng Tank (Day ) Clarfer (Day ) V Dsnfecon (Day ) 14

15 11/11/017 Opmze ank geomery Ealaon of he mpacs of reacor geomery on performance Ealaon of locaon for conrol sensors Improe flow and solds splng n dsrbon channels Ealae he mpacs of mng on performance Verfy smpler models Improe basc ndersandng of process behaor 15

16 11/11/017 Web: hp://rsamsag.com/ Phone: +1 (06) Emal: 16

17 11/11/ CFD Soles he Naer-Sokes Eqaons by nmercal schemes. Conny Eqaon: Law of Mass Conseraon Momenm Eqaons: Newon s Second Law (ncompressble lamnar flow) 0 F P 1 r r r g P ) ( 1 nseady Term Adece Term Pressre Term Dffson Term Sorce Term (gray force)

18 11/11/017 S nseady Adecon Dffson Sorce Wha abo rblence? One way o model s o se he Reynolds Aeraged Naer-Sokes Eqaons (RANS). All flow n WRRF s rblen. Trblen flow s arable n space and me Osborne Reynolds sggesed ha rblen flow cold be consdered as a compose of an aerage par and a flcang par. See Henze, J. O. (1975) Trblence, nd Ed, McGraw-Hll. 18

19 11/11/ r r g P 1 S Rod (1980) Trblence Models and Ther Applcaon n Hydralcs: A sae-of-he ar reew, IAHR / AIRH. Rod (1980) Trblence Models and Ther Applcaon n Hydralcs: A sae-of-he ar reew, IAHR / AIRH.

20 11/11/017 0 Smples model: Prandl s Mng Lengh Hypohess (Plane mng layer, wdh δ) Two Eqaon Models: k epslon y l m G P k g k k k S k C R c G P k C f ) ( k C 0.07 l m Rod (1980) Trblence Models and Ther Applcaon n Hydralcs: A sae-of-he ar reew, IAHR / AIRH. RANS Smlaon (Seady Sae) LES Smlaon (Transen)

21 11/11/017 Fne dfference Mehod of weghed resdals (fne elemen) Fne olme formlaon Grd-less mehods All of hese hae been sed n CFD for wasewaer. Fne dfference was he frs echnqe sed. Fne elemen has been sed for clarfer modelng. Fne olme formlaon s he mos common commercal CFD sofware approach. Grd-less mehods hae no been mch sed, b may be promsng. Horzonal Momenm Eqn. ( ) y p y g Fne Dfference Eqalen n 1 n 1 /, 1 /,, 1, ( 1 /, 1 / )( 1 /, 1 / ) ( 1 /, 1 / )( 1 /, 1 / ) y p, p 1, 1-3 /, 1-1 /, 3 /, 1 /, 1 1 /, 1 Harlow, F.H. and Welch, J. E. (1965) Nmercal Calclaon of Tme-Dependen Vscos Incompressble Flow of Fld wh Free Srface, Physcs of Flds, V. 8 Nmber 1. y 1 /, g 1

22 11/11/017 Inerpolae he elocy and pressre felds p l l, n l l, n p p l l, n l l l Sbse nerpolaons no he goernng eqaons. Conny X/Y momenm Sole he sysem of eqaons eraely Flecher, C.A.J (006) Compaonal Technqes for Fld Dynamcs, Volme II, nd Ed. Sprnger-Verlag.,k,k+1-1,k p,k,k -1,k+1 p,k+1,k+1,k Conny Eqn.,,k-1 +1, k+1 V-1,k -1,k,k p,k,k +1,k -1,k p,k,k p+1,k +1,k V,k-1 y Momenm Eqn. +1,k,k-1 Momenm Eqn. +1,k-1 Paankar, S. V. (1980) Nmercal Hea Transfer and Fld Flow, Hemsphere Pblshng.

23 11/11/017 Vore Mehods Deeloped by Chorn Random walk of ore blobs SPH Lagrangan mehod deeloped from asrophyscs PEREIRA, L. A. A.; HIRATA, M. H. and SILVEIRA NETO, A.. Vore mehod wh rblence sb-grd scale modellng. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sc. & Eng. [onlne]. 003, ol.5, n. [ced ], pp Transform he goernng eqaons: Vorcy / sream fncon mehod se eraon and conergence SIMPLE Boh of hese mehods hae been sed n CFD for wasewaer. 3

24 11/11/017 4 y Defnon of Vorcy y Vorcy Transpor Eqn. Defnon of Sream Fncon y Posson Eqn. for Sream Fncon Roach, P.J. (198) Compaonal Fld Dynamcs, Hermosa Pblshers. 0 Re 1 ) ( ) ( y y Gess he pressre feld Sole he momenm eqaons Sole pressre correcon Calclae eloces Sole for oher properes (emperare, solds) pdae he pressre feld and erae o conergence Paankar, S. V., (1980) Nmercal Hea Transfer and Fld Flow.

25 11/11/ D ranspor models can be copled o he elocy calclaons o smlae sedmenaon and mng. Solds Transpor Veslnd selng Densy cople kc o s e V V s w w c 1 k s s C V C C C Samsag, e al. (199) Conny Eqaon: Fld Marker Eqaon: Momenm Eqaons: 1 1 y y p y y p y 0 y F F F F=1 f fld s presen F=0 f fld s no presen Hr and Nchols (1981), Volme of Fld Mehod, Los Alamos Scenfc Laboraory, Los Alamos, NM. 0 y

26 11/11/017 An elemenary oral n OpenFOAM s based on VOF mehod sng he nerfoam soler. The famos dam break problem was smlaed frs sng he MAC mehod by Harlow and Welsh. Ths smlaon sng a RANS rblence approach. 3D ranspor models can be mplemened for wasewaer qaly parameers as well. Boknec Models ASM Models Adanced odaon Models Dsnfecon models Sobremsana, Dcose and de los Reyes III (011) 6

27 11/11/ ) ( d d 0 ) ( c c d V d d d T p, ) ( ) ( ) ( c V c c c T p, ) ( ) ( ) ( Crowe, Sommerfeld, and Ts (1998) Mlphase Flows wh Droples and Parcles. Mre Conny Eqaon Drf Eqaon Mre Momenm Eqaon Brennan, D. (001) The Nmercal Smlaon of Two-Phase Flows n Selng Tanks, PhD Dsseraon, nersy of London.

28 11/11/017 Ferzger, J.H. and Perc, M. (00) Compaonal Technqes for Fld Dynamcs, 3 rd Edon, Sprnger. Roach, P.J. (198) Compaonal Fld Dynamcs, Hermosa Pblshers. r and Nchols (1981), Volme of Fld Mehod, Los Alamos Scenfc Laboraory, Los Alamos, NM. Henze, J.O. (1975) Trblence, nd Ed, McGraw-Hll Rod (1980) Trblence Models and Ther Applcaon n Hydralcs: A sae-of-he ar reew, IAHR / AIRH. Harlow, F.H. and Welch, J.E. (1965) Nmercal Calclaon of Tme-Dependen Vscos Incompressble Flow of Fld wh Free Srface, Physcs of Flds, V. 8 Nmber 1. Fnlayson, B. (1980) Nonlnear Analyss n Chemcal Engneerng, McGraw-Hll. Paankar, S. V. (1980) Nmercal Hea Transfer and Fld Flow, Hemsphere Pblshng. Chorn, A.J. (1989) Compaonal Fld Mechancs, Academc Press. Samsag, R.W., McCorqodale, J.A. and Zho, S.P. (199) Prospecs for ranspor modelng of process anks, Waer Scence and Technology. 6 (5/6), Hr and Nchols (1981), Volme of Fld Mehod, Los Alamos Scenfc Laboraory, Los Alamos, NM. Sobremsana, Dcose, and de los Reyes III 011 Combnng CFD, floc dynamcs, and bologcal reacon knecs o model carbon and nrogen remoal n an acaed sldge sysem. Waer Enronmen Conference, WEFTEC Conference. Crowe, Sommerfeld, and Ts (1998) Mlphase Flows wh Droples and Parcles. Wcklen, E., Basone, D.J., Dcose, J., Laren, J., Grboro, A., Wcks, J., Sanders, S., Samsag, R., Poer, O. and Nopens, I. 016 Good modellng pracce n applyng compaonal fld dynamcs for WWTP modellng. Waer Scence and Technology. 73 (5) R. W. Samsag, J. J. Dcose, A. Grboro, I. Nopens, D. J. Basone, J. D. Wcks, S. Sanders, E. A. Wcklen, G. Kenny and J. Laren (016) CFD for Wasewaer: An Oerew, Waer Scence and Technology, 74 (3),