Current-Mode Sensorless Control of Single-Phase Brushless DC Fan Motors

Transcription

1 IEEE PED 20, ngapor, 5-8 Dcmbr 20 Currn-Mod norl Conrol of ngl-pha Bruhl DC Fan Moor W-Chao Chn Powr Elcronc ym and Chp Lab. Dparmn of Elcrcal Engnrng aonal Chao Tung Unv., Hnchu, Tawan Yng-Yu Tzou, Mmbr, IEEE Powr Elcronc ym and Chp Lab. Dparmn of Elcrcal Engnrng aonal Chao Tung Unv., Hnchu, Tawan Abrac Th papr propo a nw conrol chm for h mplmnaon of a low-co and hgh ffcncy norl pd conrol IC for ngl-pha bruhl dc (BLDC) fan moor. Th propod conrol chm dc h zro-crong-pon () of h maurd back-emf o gnra commuaon gnal whou Hall nor. A currn mod of wchng chm ud o mooh h currn pk nducd by h rducon of h back-emf whn h roor crong h commuaon boundary. An adapv blankng m conrol ragy ud o adju h m nrval o nur corrc dcon of h. An opn-loop conan Ampr/Hrz rampng conrol chm dvlopd for h arup conrol from zro pd and wchng o norl mod onc h dcd. Th propod norl conrol chm ha bn vrfd by ung compur mulaon bad on a dvlopd ngl-pha BLDC fan moor modl. Exprmnal vrfcaon of h propod conrol chm ha bn carrd ou by ung dgal mplmnaon chnqu. Exprmnal rul rval h upror prformanc of h propod conrol chm. Indx Trm ngl-pha bruhl dc fan moor, norl conrol, adapv blankng m conrol, of commuaon, of ar-up conrol, dgal moor conrol IC. I. ITRODUCTIO ngl-pha bruhl dc fan moor ar wdly ud n nowaday pronal compur and nobook for hrmal coolng []. Th Hall nor uually ud o provd fdback nformaon of h magnc roor of h ngl-pha BLDC fan moor for propr commuaon conrol. Th Hall nor IC rqur a furhr nallaon procdur, nv o mpraur varaon, dgradd n hgh mpraur oprang nvronmn, and lm h powr dny of h fan moor. To lowr h ym nallaon co, h Hall nor packagd wh h drvr IC a a componn un. Howvr, h drvr IC ll nd xra componn for opraon ng and a PCB rqurd o b nalld whn h moor. To furhr rduc h co, dvlopmn of norl conrol chnqu for h ngl-pha BLDC fan moor rqurd. Powr dny and ffcncy ar mo mporan prformanc ndc for hgh-prformanc fan moor [2]. A norl conrol IC can alo lmna h nallaon of h drvr PCB whn h moor houng packag, h provd advanag of lowr co and moor wh mallr z. A gnral rvw of poon-norl conrol of Th work wa uppord by h aonal cnc Councl, Tap, Tawan, R. O. C. Projc no. C E CC. hr-pha prmann-magn machn ha bn gvn n [3]. Howvr, h mhod ar no uabl for ngl-pha BLDC fan moor bcau of hr no unxcd wndng for h dcon of back-emf volag fo norl conrol. Th ngl-pha BLDC fan moor hav on mporan faur h adopon of aymmrcal ar gap o lmna h zro-orqu zon. Th aymmrcal ar gap complca h gnraon of lcromagnc orqu and dgrad ffcncy. Hgh orqu pak ar commonly found n ngl-pha BLDC moor. Dffrn drvng chm hav bn udd bad on fn-lmn analy (FEA) n [4] and uggd o nr a dad-zon no h drvng gnal o mprov currn wavform and orqu nvlop. Howvr, dd no provd mor nformaon abou how o gnra h drvng gnal. A m-harng mhod bad on h concp of pha advanc conrol of h commuaon gnal ha bn dvlopd n [5]. Howvr, h mhod bad on h volag mod conrol of h gnal and nv o commuaon no durng low-pd opraon ara. Currn-mod conrol of h pha currn can achv br orqu conrol prformanc of norl BLDC moor. A currn-mod conrol mhod wh commuaon unng ha bn propod n [6]. Howvr, h mhod mployd p currn conrol whou condrng of praccal flux drbuon and h unng algorhm unuabl for pd chang conrol. To olv h problm and mprov h moor ffcncy ovr a wd pd conrol rang, h papr propo a nw norl conrol mhod for h currn-mod conrol of ngl-pha BLDC fan moor wh a pr-dfnd modulaon gnal for h rducon of orqu rppl o achv b ffcncy prformanc ovr a wd pd conrol rang. Th propod chm ha bn ralzd wh DP conrol ofwar and compard wh ohr conrol chm. Exprmnal rul rval h upror prformanc of h propod conrol chm. Th propod conrol chm can alo b ralzd wh pcfc dgal conrol logc crcu and uabl for h mxd-gnal IC ralzaon. II. OPERATIOAL PRICIPLE AD MODELIG Fg. how h phoograph of a four-pol ngl-pha BLDC fan moor, roor rucur, and h normalzd maurd flux lnkag drbuon. Modlng of a moor a ky p for h conrollr dgn. Th aymmrcal ar gap //$ IEEE 659

2 Roor aor ( ) Roor Flux Drbuon ω pd Conrollr I Pha Currn Command Modulaor Currn Conrollr a ( k) d(k) Clock Gnraor Dad Tm Invrr (a) Aymmrc ar gap (b) Fg.. (a) ngl-pha bruhl dc fan moor, (b) roor rucur, and (c) normalzd flux drbuon. (c) a (k) Ĥ a ωˆ A/D Convrr Tm-harng Mhod & pd Emaon Fg. 3. Block dagram of h propod norl pd conrol chm. a v a v b H-Brdg Convrr v v a ab vb v mf R φl L K T T T L J m B m αr ω r DC Invrr ngl-pha BLDC Fan moor Commuaon Conrol Flux Drbuon Tabl K E T L TL 2 = Kωr ω Fan load orqu-pd characrc AC gnal Gnraor Hall nor H Hall nor Fg. 2. Block dagram of h ngl-pha BLDC fan moor wh nonlnar flux lnkag drbuon and load-orqu characrc. v b v a Dgal Currn Conrollr K f Hall nor gnal Condonng H of h ngl-pha BLDC moor mak dffcul o oban a mall-gnal mod for conrol loop analy and dgn. Th analy and modlng of a ngl-pha BLDC moor wh a bflar wndng and aymmrcal aor pol fac ha bn rpord n [7]. Th modlng mhod bad on h maurd aor wndng flux lnkag wh a drvd a modl of h dvlopd lcromagnc orqu. Howvr, h nonlnar a modl unuabl for praccal dgn mhod n ynh of h currn mod conrollr. Th orqu gnraon proc h nal characrc of an lcrc machn. Th orqu gnraon of a ngl-pha BLDC moor qu mlar wh a DC moor wh prmann magn aor. Th alrnang currn appld o h pha wndng of a ngl-pha on-wndng BLDC moor ju lk h DC currn appld o a PMDC moor, n whch h mchancal commuaor convr h DC currn o an alrnang currn o h armaur wndng. Howvr, du o aymmrc roor rucur of h ngl-pha BLDC moor, nananou orqu bcom nonlnar and mor complcad for dgn and conrol. Th lcromagnc orqu of a ngl-pha BLDC moor con of wo componn: h coggng orqu and h xcaon orqu. Th coggng orqu gnrad by h magnc-mov forc (MMF) of h prmann magn roor funconng wh h vard ar-gap rlucanc. Th coggng orqu ruld by h moor dgn and hould b kp o a mnmum for mooh and ffcn opraon. Th xcaon orqu gnrad by h pha currn funconng wh h roor MMF and can b conrolld o achv br orqu rpon. Th modlng of h xcaon orqu can b characrzd by h roor MMF drbuon. A mplfd dynamc modl bad on pcfd nonlnar lmn Flux Drbuon Tabl Fg. 4. Block dagram of h dgal currn-mod conrol chm. propod n [8] and adopd o conruc h mall-gnal modl for currn loop compnaor dgn. Th lcrcal quaon of a ngl-pha BLDC moor can b dcrbd a d V ab = L + R + V. () mf d whr V ab h rmnal volag of wndng, R h wndng ranc, L h wndng nducanc, V mf h back-mf volag. Fg. 2 how h block dagram of h ngl-pha BLDC fan moor wh nonlnar flux lnkag drbuon and load-orqu characrc. Th flux drbuon of h roor MMF ud o characrz h gnrad orqu and back-mf volag. Th modl ha bn conrucd and ud for h mulaon and dgn of h propod norl currn-mod conrol chm. III. DIGITAL CURRET MODE COTROL Fg. 3 how h propod currn-mod norl pd conrol chm for ngl-pha BLDC fan moor ud n applcaon o PC and B coolng ym. Hgh ffcncy, low acouc no, and robu ar-up conrol ar fundamnal rqurmn for h applcaon. Th propod conrollr nclud a pd maor for h dcon of zro crong of back-mf volag and maon of roor pd, a pd conrollr o gnra h drd currn command for orqu conrol, a currn conrollr o gnra h conrol du for h H-brdg 660

3 Dgal conrollr Currn Rpon (A) K p K dc V mf 0.3A K I z Kc K A / D f D ZOH ZOH f D K f V dc K fdback R n R + L 250 ma Conrollr oupu r = 90 u 0.35 BW =.84 khz r 0.2A 0.A Fdback crcu and gnal amplng Fg. 5. Block dagram of dgal currn conrollr. Magnud (db) Gan croovr frquncy =.9 khz frquncy rpon wh PI() frquncy rpon wh PI(z) Fg. 7. mulaon rul of ncrmnal currn rpon undr roor lockd condon , 3 Pha (dgr) frquncy rpon wh PI() frquncy rpon wh PI(z) Pha margn = 50 dgr frquncy (Hz) 2, 4 Pha currn Back-EMF Pr-urn-off Blankng m Fg. 6. Loop gan of h dgnd dgal currn conrol loop. nvrr. Durng h wch pr-urn off prod, h wndng currn dcrad o zro, h rmnal volag quvaln o h back-emf volag and can b ud for h dcon of h commuaon nan. A ynchronou amplng of h wchng gnal ha bn ud for h dcon of h zro-crong of h back-mf gnal for norl commuaon conrol. Th propod currn-mod conrol chm wh DC-lnk fdforward conrol llurad n Fg. 4. A pr-dfnd flux drbuon wavform ha bn ud for h abl look-up n modulaon of h orqu command and ynchronzd wh h norl commuaon gnal o gnra h currn command wh an adjuabl dad zon for h currn mod conrollr. To ynhz h dgal currn loop conrollr, mall gnal analy of h currn loop ha bn carrd ou. Fg. 5 how h block dagram of h dgal currn conrol loop of h ngl-pha BLDC fan moor wh a wchng amplfr. Th analog dgn approach wh loop gan fng chnqu adopd n h ynh of h currn loop conrollr o rach a bandwdh of 0% of wchng frquncy. Th analog conrollr hn ranformr o h corrpondng dgal conrollr by ung blnar ranform. Fg. 6 how h loop gan of h dgnd dgal PI conrollr, a gan croovr frquncy of.9 khz wh a pha margn of 50 ha bn achvd. Th frquncy rpon analy how h dgal conrollr ha achvd a mlar frquncy compard wh h analog conrollr. An an-wndup r conrollr mployd o prvn h auraon of h dgal ngraor. mulaon of ncrmnal p rpon wh lockd roor ha bn carrd ou for h Commuaon gnal Fg. 8. Illurad wavform of h propod norl conrol chm bad an adjuabl m nrval for pr-urn-off. vrfcaon of h dgnd dgal currn conrollr. Fg. 7 how h ncrmnal rpon. I can b obrvd h r m abou 90 μc whch corrpondng o a bandwdh of.84 khz for an approxmaon of an quvaln of a cond-ordr lnar ym. In ordr o mprov h currn rpon and ovrall ffcncy, h moor pha currn hould b conrolld n proporonal o back-mf volag. Th avrag oupu powr convrd by h moor can b xprd a P av = ( EI coφ + E2I2 coφ2 + E3I3 coφ3 + ). (2) 2 whr E n, I n h harmonc of back-emf and pha currn, rpcvly. In h convnonal approach, h fan moor undr an opn-loop conrol chm wh commuaon gnal h ynchronzd wh h Hall gnal. Howvr, currn pha lag du o wndng dynamc may rul pky currn. of commuaon wh rampng conrolld du can mooh h currn pk, howvr, hy ar ll nv o paramr varaon and oprang pon, and a m-conumng fn unng proc rqurd for dffrn fan moor. To mprov h ffcncy of h fan moor drv, ach back-emf and pha currn harmonc hould b n pha, ha Φ n hould b zro. Thr only a ngl aor wndng of a ngl-pha on-wndng bruhl DC fan moor and hrfor, hr 66

4 , 4 pd 2, 3 Pha Currn command T T2 T3 T4 Back EMF Commuaon gnal Algn,4 norl Conrol Opn-Loop Conrol Tm ,3 Fg. 9. Modfd currn command wh nrd dad zon. no lf floang wndng for h dcon of h back-mf volag. In ordr o dc h back-mf volag, w nd o l h aor wndng unxcd for a pcfd m nrval. Durng h ady-a opraon condon, a pr-dfnd blankng m can b nrd bfor h on-prod a llurad n Fg. 8. Onc h zro crong pon () of h back-mf volag dcd, can b ud a a ynchronzaon gnal for h commuaon conrol of h pha currn and a dad zon nrd o gnra a modulad pha currn command a llurad n Fg. 9. To nur a corrc dcon of h, h dad-zon m nrval ncrad lnarly wh h orqu command. Th propod dgal currn conrol chm can conrol h pha currn o b ynchronzd wh a qua-nuodal currn rfrnc wh adapv blankng m conrol. II. TART-UP COTROL A common problm aocad wh h norl moor drv h ar-up conrol prformanc [9, 0]. Whou a abl ar-up procdur, h moor may fal ar-up or runnng no a lf-ocllaon faul runnng mod. Mo norl conrol mhod ar bad on back-emf, howvr, whn moor a andll or low pd, h dcon of of back-emf volag can b corrupd by wchng no or volag nducd by h pky currn of h fr-whlng dod. To olv h problm, h papr dvlopd a robu currn-conrolld ar-up mhod bad on moor coggng orqu nducd by h aymmrc ar-gap. Fg. 0 how h propod norl ar-up procdur. I con of hr p: algnmn of h roor, rampng currn conrol for ar-up, norl conrol o h arg pd. Th algnmn of h roor can rul a am nal condon for h roor. Wh a dc xcd currn, h roor wll algn o magnc pol from a random nal poon a hown n Fg.. A p xcng currn for h roor algnmn may nduc ocllaon and rul larg varaon of h lng m. A rampng xcng currn can mooh algnmn and rduc h lng m. Fg. 2 how h rann rpon of h propod norl ar-up mhod. I can b obrvd h pha currn ar up wh a qua-nuodal wavform, a h pd ncrad, wll wchd o h volag mod conrol wh of commuaon conrol. Fg. 0. Fg.. pd (RPM) Pha currn (A) Conrol mod Algn Opn-loop rampng conrol ar-up procdur for h ngl-pha BLDC fan moor. Fr π ( π ) F 2 (a) Poon (b) Poon 2 Fr F 2 Roor algnmn of a ngl-pha BLDC fan moor. Currn-loop Conrol mod of-commuaon Conrol mod Currn pk rducd Fg. 2. mulaon rul of h ar-up of a norl conrolld ngl-pha BLDC fan moor. Fg. 3 how h xprmnal up and Fg. 4 how maurd prformanc undr dffrn ng condon. I can b obrvd ha h ngl-pha moor can achv mooh ar-up rpon undr dffrn arg pd conrol. Fg. 5 how h prformanc maur of h RM valu of pha currn wh dffrn conrol chm. I can b obrvd ha h propod currn mod conrol wh of commuaon conrol ha achvd b prformanc whn h full pd conrol rang. 662

5 Powr upply Fg. 3. Man-Machn Inrfac DP 2407A Board gnal Condonng Crcu Invrr Exprmnal up for prformanc valuaon. ar-up norl (a) (b) ngl-pha BLDC Fan Moor Fg. 4. Exprmnal rul of ar-up procdur for (a) 000 RPM and (b) 3000 RPM. mplmnaon u of h dgal currn mod norl conrol chm hav bn addrd. Exprmnal rul how h propod currn mod conrol wh of commuaon conrol ha achvd b prformanc whn h full pd conrol rang. REFERECE []. Bnoua, Z. Q. Zhu, and D. How, Prmann magn bruhl DC moor for conumr produc, Proc. of nh Inrnaonal Confrnc on Elcrcal Machn and Drv, pp. 8-22, 999. [2] Hyung-Woo L, Ta-Hyung Km, and Mhrdad Ehan, Praccal conrol for mprovng powr dny and ffcncy of h BLDC gnraor, IEEE Tran. Powr Elcron., vol. 20, no., pp , Jan., [3] Paul P. Acarnly and John F. Waon, Rvw of poon-norl opraon of bruhl prmann-magn machn, IEEE Tran. Ind. Elcron., vol. 53, no. 2, pp , Apr [4] L. un, Q. Fang, and J. hang, Drv of ngl-pha bruhl DC moor bad on orqu analy, IEEE Tran. Magnc, vol. 43, no., pp , Jan [5] Wz Wang, Zhgan Wu, Wanbng Jn, and Janpng Yng, norl conrol chnology for ngl pha BLDCM bad on h wndng m-harng mhod, IEEE IECO Conf. Rc., ov. 6-0, [6] H.-C. Chn and C.-M. Law, Currn-mod conrol for norl BDCM drv wh nllgn commuaon unng, IEEE Tran. Powr Elcron., vol. 7, no. 5, pp , p [7] J.. Mayr and O. Waynczuk, Analy and modlng of a ngl-pha bruhl DC moor drv ym, IEEE Tran. on Enrgy Convron, vol. 4, no. 3, pp , p [8] W-Chao Chn and Yng-Yu Tzou; Effcncy opmzaon conrol for ngl-pha bruhl dc fan moor, IEEE IPEMC Proc., pp , 7-20 May, [9] L. Yng and. Erugrul, A arng ragy for a robu poon norl chnqu n non-aln PM AC moor drv, Proc. In. Powr Elcron. Moon Conrol Conf., pp , [0] W. Wang, Z. Wu, W. Jn, and J. Yng, arng mhod for Hall-l ngl pha BLDC moor, IEEE IECO Conf. Proc., ov Fg. 5. Maurd moor RM valu of moor pha currn undr dffrn conrol chm. VI. COCLUIO Th papr ha prnd an nnovav conrol chm for h mplmnaon of a low-co and hgh ffcncy norl pd conrol IC for ngl-pha bruhl dc (BLDC) fan moor. Th propod conrol chm dc h zro-crong-pon () of h maurd back-emf o gnra commuaon gnal whou Hall nor. Praccal 663