PhD student at Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, Pessac Research Directors: Patrick SNABRE and Bernard POULIGNY
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1 PhD student at Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, Pessac Research Directors: Patrick SNABRE and Bernard POULIGNY
2 Our motivation Monodisperse system Basic models for granular systems are 2D and monodisperse particles. Polydisperse system Shear Shear A large number of experimental work dedicated to density matched cases. Most of the experiment in the Couette flow do not take into account secondary flows(piv and MRI). Parralel disk geometry Convection & segregation PMMA 30µm (1%) Polydispersity plays a huge role upon transport phenomena(size segregation).
3 Our model granular system and shear cell. Sample and Couette cell Spheres of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a mixture of Hexadecane and Immersion Oil. Sample polydospersity PMMA diameter is between µm Particles and fluid are index matched. PMMA: n=1.48; r =1.18 g.cm -3 Immersion fluid: n=1.48; r =0.88 g.cm -3 Optical microscopy 100µm Difference in density results in particle settling. Couette cell: Inner Cylinder Radius : 15 mm Outer Cylinder Radius : 20 mm Bottom gap : 1.5mm Angular velocities up to 5.7 rad/s Investigation Strategy Scanning Electron Microscopy Single Particle Tracking (SPT) Particle Trajectography
4 Single Particle Tracking (SPT) Following a single fluorescent particle Single Particle Tracking Setup Two independent cameras for particle tracking Autofocus based on astigmatic system I m special, I m the tracer Too far In focus Too near O. Blaj et al. Euromech. Fluid Mechanics Conference-8, Bad Reichenhall, September (2010)
5 Single Particle Tracking (SPT) Results Sample Tracer 2aT=100µm + 2aT=200µm 2a0=200µm
6 Single Particle Tracking (SPT) Results Sample Tracer 2aT=100µm + 2aT=200µm 2a0=200µm
7 Single Particle Tracking (SPT) Results Sample 2a0=200µm + Tracer 2aT=100µm 2aT=200µm 2aT=600µm Primary Flow: Short time fluctuations. Particles migration under shear. Secondary Flow: Shear-induced self diffusion. Particles collision are responsable for diffusion. Particle size secondary motion dependence. t ~ 8h t ~ 26h t ~ 3h
8 Particles Trajectography Trajectography Setup Particles trajectories Autocorrelation Trajectography movie. Inner cylinder rotation 0.57 rad/s Data analisys. ROI deformation. Red arrow velocity; green - fluctuations Slope and grey level variation along the brightest line
9 Particles Trajectography Results migration Outer Cylinder Inner Cylinder Trajectography results (fluorescent fluid) Normalized Velocity Map 1 Active Quasistatic 0 Velocity profile at 10mm for a angular velocity of rad/s Two zones were observed in Couette flow: Active close to inner cylinder Quasistatic close to the outer cylinder Before shearing After shearing R.P. Behringer Border separation depends on altitude and shear rate In presence of shear, particles tend to accumulate outwards, i.e. from inner to outer cylinder (migration)
10 Particles Trajectography Results z=10mm Slip close to the inner cylinder depends upon the shear rate and altitude (concentration) Fluctuations are maximum at about 2 particle diameters. Slow exponential decay of the velocity fluctuations (Patrick s report) z=15mm z=20mm
11 Particles Trajectography Results z=10mm Slip close to the inner cylinder depends upon the shear rate and altitude (concentration) Fluctuations are maximum at about 2 particle diameters. Slow exponential decay of the velocity fluctuations (Patrick s report) z=15mm z=20mm Ω = rad/s Ω = rad/s
12 Gather Results From Single Particle Tracking Experiment: - 3D trajectories of fluorescent tracers recorded in automated contra-rotation mode. -Evidence of localization and recirculation flows in the active zone. Recirculation ~ 0.01 primary flow. - Different secondary flow for different tracers size. From Particle Trajectography Experiment: - Different velocity profiles as a function of altitude. - Slip dependence upon Ω and z (due to concentration gradients in both θ and z plane) - Particle fluctuations - Azimuthal fluctuation versus local concentration
13 In Progress Inner cylinder rotation rad/s Big vs. Smalls Small vs. Bigs 2aT=100µm 2aT=200µm 2aT=600µm
14
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