Michael Fleischhauer. Dept. of Physics & research center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. GRK 1729, Hannover,

Transcription

1 Optically driven Rydberg gases and Rydberg polaritons: Many-body physics in open systems Michael Fleischhauer Dept. of Physics & research center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern, Germany GRK 1729, Hannover,

2 Heidelberg Karlsruhe

3 534. Heraeus-Seminar Dynamical Phenomena Relaxation and Thermalization Quantum Engineering Rainer Blatt (U Innsbruck) Immanuel Bloch (LMU München) Hans-Peter Breuer (U Freiburg) Andrew Daley (U Pittsburgh) Sebastian Diehl (U Innsbruck) Tilman Esslinger (ETH Zürich) Corinna Kollath (U Geneva) Eric Lutz (FU Berlin) Giovanna Morigi (U Saarland) Hans-Christoph Nägerl (U Innsbruck) Markus Oberthaler (U Heidelberg) Herwig Ott (TU Kaiserslautern) Marcus Rigol (U Georgetown) Achim Rosch (U Köln) Jörg Schmiedmayer (TU Wien) Vladan Vuletic (Harvard) Sandro Wimberger (U Heidelberg) application deadline: February 8, 2013

4 Rydberg atoms

5 Rydberg atoms Rydberg states r T.F. Gallagher Rydberg Atoms (Cambridge 1994) spontaneous emission lifetime dipole moment to neighboring states large van-der Waals or Föster interaction in Rydberg state M.Saffmann, T.G.Walker K.Molmer, Rev. Mod. Phys. (2010)

6 many-body physics with Rydberg atoms Rydberg-dressed ground-state atoms resonantly excited Rydberg atoms ground-state atoms with perturbative interaction only excited Rydberg atoms considered

7 Rydberg blockade two Rydberg atoms fast quantum gate D. Jaksch et al. PRL 2000 M. Saffmann et al. Nat. Phys P.Grangier et al. Nat. Phys energy a b - blockade radius ensemble of atoms distance l<a γ a γ super atom single-photon source M. Lukin, M.F. et al. PRL 2001 Y.O. Dudin et al. Nat. Phys ensemble of blockaded spheres P. Gould, R. Cote et al. PRL 2004 M. Weidemüller et al. PRL 2004 P. Pillet et al. PRL 2006 T. Pfau et al. PRL 2007, PRL 2008

8 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

9 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

10 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

11 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

12 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

13 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

14 outline Rydberg atoms crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas homogeneous Rydberg gas optically driven Rydberg gases and EIT Rydberg polaritons Rydberg polaritons and Rydberg blockade Rydberg EIT

15 crystalization of Rydberg excitations in an optically driven lattice gas

16 many-body physics with Rydberg atoms devils staircase of incompressible phases in 1D lattice gas supersolid phases in lattice gas spontaneous crystallization in homogeneous system many more

17 onset of crystallization 2D lattice gas, optically driven to Rydberg state P. Schauß et al. Nature, (Nov. 2012) long-range order?

18 Rydberg blockade & crystalization a b - blockade radius energy continuously driven lattice gas distance

19 driven lattice gas: steady state (effective) two-level pumping DMRG

20 driven lattice gas: steady state three-level dark-state pumping DMRG

21 driven lattice gas: rate equation model rate equation model M. Hoening, D. Muth, D. Petrosyan, M.F. arxiv:

22 rate equation model vs. exact numerics rate eqs. DMRG

23 dynamics of crystal formation correlations - correlation can become arbitrarily large for dark-state pumping similar model: Lee, Häffner, Cross Phys. Rev. A 84, (2011) but

24 dynamics of crystal formation pump sweep homogeneous pumping

25 corrections take into account finite probability of excitation of blocked site + long range tails

26 2D system transition to Neel order at critical value κ 3.8 but effects of diagonal coupling??

27 homogeneous Rydberg gas

28 dephasing l<a b 2 excitation 1 excitation 0 excitation dephasing: Rydberg population increases with mapping to classical model Y.O. Dudin et al. Nat. Phys 8, (Nov. 2012)

29 dipolar vs. van-der Waals interaction 1D Monte-Carlo simulations of steady state of classical model a b dipolar interaction van-der Waals interaction

30 hard-rod rod model steady-state of hard-rod rate-equation density hard-rod vdw?

31 hard-rod rod model correlation

32 summary crystallization in steady state of driven Rydberg gases - 1D lattice: dark-state pumping long-range order in asymptotic limit - 2D lattice: long range order for finite pump? - continuous system: hard spheres optically driven Rydberg atoms = Rydberg polaritons - crystallization by repulsion (low excitation density) difficult - Rydberg blockade + large ODb = hard (soft) sphere photons quantitative explanation of Rydberg EIT experiments

33 thanks to David Petrosyan (FORTH) Misha Lukin (Harvard) Alexey Gorschkov (CalTech) Thomas Pohl (MPIPKS) SFB TR 49 Johannes Otterbach Dominik Muth Michael Höning

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