National Nuclear Security Administration Update

Transcription

1 National Nuclear Security Administration Update Presented to: NAS Meeting of the Board on Physics and Astronomy By: Dr. Christopher J. Keane Assistant Deputy Administrator for Inertial Confinement Fusion and the NIF Project National Nuclear Security Administration April 27, 2007

2 Summary points The nuclear weapon complex is undergoing major changes (Complex 2030) Inertial fusion and high energy density physics is a key element of stockpile stewardship- HEDLP experiments provide integrated test of advanced simulation codes Highest priority for ICF is NIF completion and execution of ignition experiments starting in FY2010 Program is entering a scientific golden age with completion of ZR (2007), OMEGA EP (2008), and NIF (2009) NNSA/SC Joint Program in Laboratory High Energy Density Plasmas created to steward HEDLP within DOE NNSA is in process of implementing policy to run major facilities as user facilities 2

3 ICF and High Yield Campaign Strategic Objectives 1. Achieve ignition in the laboratory and develop it as a scientific tool for stockpile stewardship. 2. Execute high energy density weapons physics experiments in support of stockpile stewardship in collaboration with other NNSA campaigns. 3. Develop advanced concepts that support the long-term needs of stockpile stewardship. 4. Steward the field of high energy density laboratory plasma physics (via joint program with DOE Office of Science). 3

4 The National Ignition Facility concentrates the energy in a football stadium-sized facility into a cubic millimeter 4

5 The plan for use of NIF calls for first ignition experiments in FY 2010 (IR) (UV) 5

6 Cluster 3 Complete energy 900kJ 01/07

7 NIF is meeting its Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) Production and Installation Schedule 7,000 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 6,000 5,000 Line Replaceable Units installed 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Cumulative Planned Units Installed Cumulative Actual Units Installed 0 Fiscal year 3,182 Line Replaceable Units (51%) were installed by December 31,

8 National Ignition Campaign: Progress towards an integrated ignition target Complete Be shell capsule characterization capability Demonstrate scientific prototype ignition capsules (Be and plastic) Uniform micro-structure NIC Be shell Hohlraum thermomechanical assembly DT layer, plastic shell,omega Ice meets roughness spec. Ice roughness 0.5 mm Backup Slide 61 8

9 Recent Progress on the Z Refurbishment Project July 2006 September 2006 (last shot) (dismantlement completed) December 2006 (tank modifications completed) Z has been dismantled Major tank modifications are complete Component installation began in January 2007 January 15, 2007 (tank painting completed) 9

10 OMEGA EP Laser Bay photo shows recent beamline progress 10

11 Previous Reports on HEDP A number of reports sponsored by the Federal government in recent years have presented Technical advances relevant to HEDP, Emerging scientific opportunities, and Recommendations for enabling further progress. 11

12 2004 Davidson report provided the starting point for the HEDP Interagency Task Force The interagency Task Force on HEDP (TF-HEDP) was chartered by the Interagency Working Group on the Physics of the Universe (IWG-POU) under the Committee on Science in the National Science and Technology Council to respond to a community-based report (Frontiers for Discovery in HEDP) previously commissioned by the IWG-POU, and recommend specific steps needed to move forward on the scientific opportunities identified in HEDP. 12

13 Interagency Task Force on HEDP: Chair/Members Co-Chairs: C. Keane (DOE/NNSA- ICF/NIF) D. Kovar (DOE/SC/Nuclear Physics) Exec. Secretary: F. Thio (DOE/SC/Office of Fusion Energy Sciences) Members: OSTP (R. Dimeo, J. Morse, K. Beers) DOD (S. Ossakow) DOE/NNSA (R. Schneider, C. Deeney, A. Hauer) DOE/SC/Basic Energy Sciences (E. Rolfing, M. Casassa) DOE/SC/Nuclear Physics (J. Simon-Gillo) DOE/SC/High Energy Physics (R. Staffin, L.K. Len) NASA (M. Salamon) NIST (J. Gillaspy, T. Lucatorto) NSF (J. Dehmer) 13

14 Davidson 2004 report defined 15 scientific thrust areas Astrophysical phenomena: Fundamental physics of HED astrophysical phenomena: Laboratory astrophysics: Heavy ion driven HEDP and fusion: HED physics with ultrarelativistic electron beams: Characterization of quark-gluon plasmas: Materials properties: Compressible dynamics: Radiative hydrodynamics: Inertial confinement fusion: Laser excitation of matter at the relativistic extreme: Attosecond physics: Ultrafast, high peak-power x-rays: Compact high energy particle acceleration: Inertial fusion fast ignition: Thrust areas touch upon many well-established fields of science, such as atomic physics, nuclear physics, plasma physics, high energy physics, astrophysics, materials science, and laser science. 14

15 Davidson research thrusts may be placed into 4 categories Federal Research Category Astrophysics High Energy Density Nuclear Physics High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas Ultrafast, Ultraintense Laser Science Research thrust area(s) from the Frontiers for Discovery in HEDP report 1. Astrophysical phenomena 2. Fundamental physics of HED astrophysical phenomena 6. Characterization of quark-gluon plasmas 3. Laboratory astrophysics 4. Heavy ion driven HEDP and fusion 5. HED physics with ultrarelativistic electron beams 7. Materials properties 8. Compressible dynamics 9. Radiative hydrodynamics 10. Inertial confinement fusion 15. Inertial fusion fast ignition 11. Laser excitation of matter at the relativistic extreme 12. Attosecond physics 13. Ultrafast, high peak-power x-rays 14. Compact high energy particle acceleration 15

16 Key DOE finding: stewardship of HEDLP needs to be improved What characterizes a well-stewarded area of science? Compelling scientific questions are clearly identified and prioritized (workshop process) Solicitations exist with adequate funding from clearly defined agency leads User facilities are established with program advisory committee process used to allocate time Facility user groups are active Federal advisory committees or other groups set strategic direction and build technical consensus on opportunities and priorities Scientific excitement is publicly visible 16

17 DOE has taken action to improve stewardship of HEDLP Joint Program in Laboratory HEDP announced 2/5/07 (FY08 Congressional budget submission) Oversight of HEDLP now a joint NNSA/SC responsibility Key actions Workshops Joint solicitations Establishment of federal advisory committee Implementation of facility user programs Strategic plan for HEDP 17

18 Joint Program in High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas NNSA and Office of Science (OFES) have established a joint program in high energy density laboratory plasmas Purpose is to steward effectively this emerging field within DOE while maintaining the interdisciplinary nature of this area of science Program includes individual investigators, research centers activities, and user programs (National Laser User Facility program) Other agencies may join in the future (NSF, NASA) NNSA Office of Science (OFES) Dollars in Thousands User Facility Programs (fund via ICF Campaign) Individual Investigators, Center Research, Grants & Fellowships (fund via Science & ICF Campaigns) Fast Ignition High Mach Number Plasma Jets / Dense Plasmas in Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields Heavy Ion Science 12,356 1,613 10,743 12,281 2,840 1,255 8,186 Total 24,637 18

19 Terascale simulations and experiments have discovered superionic (non-molecular) water Laser heated diamond anvil cell Raman spectroscopy First principles molecular dynamics Laser Heating Probe (a) H 2 O O-H stretch Gasket Sample Al 2 O 3 plates Raman Shift (cm -1 ) Coupler Raman Intensity (arb. units) 28 GPa Phonon Stokes Antistokes 300 K 850 K 1200 K Pressures of 500 kbar We found a loss of and temperatures molecular character with of 1500 K were achieved. increasing pressure. Simulations predict a non-molecular phase over 40 GPa, in agreement with experiment. Goncharov, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, (2005). Goldman, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, (2005). 19

20 Fundamental questions in planetary formation models can be addressed on NIF NIF will be able to create and characterize a wide range of high - (P, r) states of matter found in the interiors of planets 20

21 Experiments on the EOS of shocked hydrogen at ~ 1 Mbar pressures start to replicate the extreme conditions found in the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn 2 P vs. r/r 0 for singly shocked D 2 1 r, Dr/r of hydrogen along the Jupiter adiabat 0.1 Pressure (Mbar) Gas gun Z HE Nova laser Compression, r/r 0 Log r (g/cm 3 ) Differences in compression Log P (Mbar) 0 D log r (g/cm 3 ) [Saumon et al., ApSS 298, 135 (2005); Collins et al., Science 281, 1178 (1998); Knudson et al., PRL 90, (2003)] Models of hydrogen EOS are tested against shock data at Mbar pressures When applied to the Jupiter adiabat, there are large differences in compression at 3-20 Mbar 21

22 When the various models of the EOS of hydrogen are applied to the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn, surprising results occur Jupiter interior Saturn interior M core /M Earth M core /M Earth M Z /M Earth Disk instability model? M Z /M Earth Core accretion model? [Saumon & Guillot, Ap.J. 609, 1170 (2004)] Based on the uncertainties, Jupiter and Saturn could be formed by different processes! The hydrogen EOS is the largest source of uncertainty in the interior models of Jupiter Need to have EOS measurements closer to the Jupiter adiabat at pressures of 3-20 Mbar NIF could play a key role in making these high pressure, nearly adiabatic msmts of D 2 EOS 22

23 Weapons Physics Simulations Evolution of Dimensionality and Programming Model 1000 LANL LLNL 3D Routine Simulations LLNL Peak Teraflops Blue LANL Blue LLNL SNL Vector Massively Parallel 3D Entry Level Simulation ASC Early Simulation ASCI ASC Moore s Law Increase (Historical) Legacy Simulation 23

24 Simulation of Effects of Multi-junctions on the Strength of Crystalline Materials Parallel Dislocation Simulator (ParaDiS) analysis tool allows prediction of strength of materials under dynamic loading conditions. Promises to close the computational performance gap that prevents scientists from understanding the fundamental nature of material strengthening (or hardening). Simulation of molybdenum crystal under strain shows formation of dislocation junctions (white lines) which grow into larger sub-networks which ultimately raise the overall rate of strain hardening. Existence of multi-junctions was first discovered using ParaDiS and later verified by transmission electron microscopy. Code team: A. Arsenlis, V. Bulatov, W. Cai, M. Hiratani, G. Hommes, T. Oppelstrup, T. Pierce, M. Rhee, M. Tang Visualization: R. Cook and M. Tang. 24