Dr. S.O. Grinevskiy, Associate professor Dr. S.P. Pozdnyakov, Professor. Moscow State University Geological Faculty Hydrogeological division

Transcription

1 4-t Iteratoal Coferece Hydrus oftware Alcatos to ubsurface Flow ad Cotamat Trasort Problems Marc -,, Te use of HYDRU-D for groudwater recarge estmato boreal evromets Geeral features of boreal clmate wt regard to groudwater recarge rocesses. Total rectato (P) more te otetal evaotrasrato (ET ) Dry dex ET / P < Mea aual dstrbuto. og wter seaso ar temerature rectato wt accumulated sow rectato ow. ort ad rare wter taws < o C % > o C Ra 4. ol freezg ad meltg 69% ol freezg det: >.-.5 m Dr..O. Grevsky, Assocate rofessor Dr..P. Pozdyakov, Professor 5. ort ad tesve sow meltg erod ad flood 5 5 Ruoff, m /s Tycal aual rver ruoff (Oka rver, 6) Moscow tate Uversty Geologcal Faculty Hydrogeologcal dvso ecal uer boudary meteorologcal ad flow codtos for HYDRU model Day Model of groudwater recarge (GR) (evaotrasrato dscarge) I. urface water balace model urfbal daly tme ste v Results: P V V E E Iterceto ad surface evaorato E (t) urface ruoff (t) Potetal sol evaorato ad trasrato E (t), TR (t) Potetal fltrato v (t) II. Usaturated flow model Uer boudary codtos Results: Excess surface ruoff *(t) ol evaorato ad root water utake E (t), TR (t) Groudwater recarge +(t) or dscarge (t), urface water balace model urfbal (Grevsk, Pozdyakov, ) v P V V E E Caoy terceto ad evaorato bucket model (Vogradov, ag, roeder) P P ex, P V Pmax K AI K. max V V V P E ET Pema-Motet or Prestley-Taylor metods (Alle, ) ET ET ( E E ) E ow evaorato ad sublmato: E ET Potetal: trasrato sol evaorato TR ( β) ET E βet ( E E ( β ET, we V β ET ) V, we V β ET P max V Pmax / β = ex(-δ AI ) 45<.45 δ <.55 (Budagovsk, 98) Effectve rectato urface ruoff curve umber model (UDA) P avmax при P v* (wt sow meltg ) P ( a) vmax P = P P + при P * * v v = a v max CN For froze sol: CN = CN vma x ol meltg: T t > и H s < cm. 5.4 (Kucmet, Gelfa, 996) t. Tt T (τ) ex( ε( t τ)) dτ ttl. ε retardato factor Vm max, m/day

2 ρ s =f(z,t) ow accumulato ad meltg model (modfed model of Kucmet ad Gelfa, 996) H s ow ackage: -ase system water: θ, ce: I, vod sace ρ w =, g/cm ρ =.97 g/cm ρ ρi ρwθ H owack dyamc ad meltg () subject to sow desty ρ s dη s Rate of refreezg water (Т<) Ps E I V K T ρ dt K 4.5 mm/ deg,5 /day d IH s Ps E dt Ps P, we T P P, we T owack self comresso rate : w Vρ.5KvρsH s ext ρs d H s Pw Vm E ρw ρ w K v. g/сm 4 /day ξ,8 deg - dt ; ρ ξ 6 cm s ρ /g Meltg: ; T Evaorato ad sublmato: KsρsT; T K s. cm 4 β ET, we V β ET / deg/g/day ( E E ) V, we V β ET Fres sow desty: Rate of melted water release to sol : ρm, T Tm.5 T T, max V K m f ρs ρm ρ max ρm, Tm T m T m, max θ max.5 ρ max, T max T m -8 о С ρ m, g/cm ρ max,6 g/сm I max s K f 4 m/day Ma rcles of regoal-scale estmato of mea aual G recarge (Grevsk, Pozdyakov, ) I. Dvso of te vestgato area to dstrcts wt te same tycal codtos of groudwater recarge (meteorologcal, ladscae ad ydrogeologcal). II. Model s arameterzato for tycal GR codtos III. GR smulato (surface water balace ad usaturated flow) for eac tye of codtos based o log-term meteorologcal data ad estmato te mea aual GR values ad ter seasoal varatos as a fucto of G level det IV. Verfcato of GR values by te comarso of smulated rver ruoff wt te observed data o stream gage statos. V. Te fal result of estmato s te regoal ma of mea aual G recarge. uc vestgatos for te sout-wester art of Moscow Artesa bas (total area of 49 6 km ) are reseted. out-wester art of Moscow Artesa bas (MAB) Tyes of groudwater recarge codtos Total area 49 6 km 6 weater statos 4 steady stream gage statos > observato wells Te regoal scale eterogeety of GR caused by te major dffereces of atural codtos called as tycal codtos of groudwater recarge.

3 Meteorologcal codtos of te rego (96- y.) Mea aual rectato 6-7 mm; ar temerature oc. Mea aual otetal evaotrasrato 55-6 mm; Dry dex (ET/P) = Prec tato, mm urface tye ad vegetato Itegrated g sceme of GR tye codtos Ñóõèí è è Сухиничи Êî çåëüñê Æèçäðà Жиздра ad oamy sad forest oam meadow, feld Clay urba area N Tyes of vadose zoe texture 6. rectato ar temerature 65 Examle of GR tycal codtos zog for Jzdra rver bas (area 76 km) Козельск Ar te emerature, oc 7 Areal dstrbuto of rectato ad rver ruoff (mm/year) ad reresetatve weater statos for l local l rver b bass ol tye y Mea aual groudwater level det Ñóõèí è è Êî çåëüñê tatstc (factor) aalyss Ñóõèí è è Êî çåëüñê Æèçäðà Æèçäðà - m GR tycal codtos 96 sady sady-loamy loamy urface water balace model arameterzato (urfbal) Motly varatos of AI for dfferet tyes of vegetato (Euroea art of Russa) Parameter Feld Forest eaf area dex (AI) 8 Vegetato erod, days 8-8 ow meltg rate, mm/day /d degree d 4-6,5, -,5, ow meltg retardato, days Aual varatos of average sow meltg rate (smulato results) - m -5 m mulato for eac tycal GR >5m codto durg 5-years erod. ow model calbrato mulated (dots) ad observed (les) sow det ad t s cumulatve robablty

4 urface water balace model arameterzato (urfbal) CN values for dfferet tyes of sol ad vegetato (UDA) CN values verfcato o te base of surface ruoff data Parameterzato of te usaturated flow model (HYDRU-D) Vadose zoe structure CN feld, meadow (Fedorov, 977) forest Bare groud Grass Poor ad oamy sad oam Clay Fttg te CN values Examle of te relatos betwee surface ruoff ad effectve rectato for Vytebet rver (96-) F catcmet area; f ladscae area; umber of ladscae tyes urface ruoff: calc calculated; obs observed CN F calc F ( calc obs CN f ( CN ) f ) Vegetato ad sol tye CN ady oamy Clayey Feld Forest Regoal scematzato of te vadose zoe structure To sol (А) m, m Bottom sol (В) Paret materal (C) forest feld mav,6 m G Parameterzato of te usaturated flow model (HYDRU-D) ater reteto curve (RC) Usaturated ydraulc coductvty curve (va Geucte, 99) ol roertes of ~ ublsed rofles data (for Euroea art of Russa) %ad,%lt, %Clay PTF Bulk desty, Feld caacty, rogram Rosetta ltg ot (caa et. al., ) Θs Θ Θ( ) Θr (α ) K( ) K ( ( r m / m m Average va Geucte RC arameters for ma sol textures ad layers (A,B.C) m / Dffereces RC curves due to ladscae-vegetato tye (for uer sol) ) ) Parameterzato of te root water utake model -sae model (va Geucte, 987) φ () ψ ( ) 5 τ *θ* ( 5), we TR /( TR ) 5 * max *θ* ( 5).5, we TR /( TR ) fc w w ; θ θ* θ 5 fc θ θ w w max ( et al., 6).5 ; fc -, m; w -5 m; essure, m ucto re forest loam tllage loam meadow loam forest loamy sad tllage loamy sad meadow loamy sad Uer sol А forest sad tllage sad meadow sad. -. 6E mosture cotet uctvty, m/day ydraulc codu.e+.e-.e-.e-.e-4.e mosture cotet grass: τ =4 trees: τ = (by udtsy, 979) Average arameters for root water utake model (Grevsk, ) Vegetato ol 5 (m) τ oam -7. Tree oamy sad -. ad -5. oam Grass oamy sad ad -4.

5 . Root dstrbuto b(z) Trees (bar system): b(z) = η z /mr ; η, (Gale, Grgal, 987) Grass (fbrous system) : m r Z G,66667, we z,mr mr,8 z b(z), we, mr z mr mr mr, we z mr (Hoffma, va Geucte, 98) Results of smulato Ma of mea aual G recarge for soutwester art of MAB (area 49 6 km ) TtlG Total recarge 88 8 m /day Dsarge to te rver m /day (95%) Evaotrasrato t dscarge 8 4 m /day (5%) k av N f N f Root zoe det, m r ol tye Grass Trees ad,5, oamy sad,,5 oam,5, Results ad dscusso urface ruoff, mm Trasrato, mm Total evaorato, mm Te ma dffereces surface ad vadose zoe water balace for varous ladscaes formg durg sow meltg erod result te geeral dffereces aual G recarge Potetal fltrato, mm 6 (uer flow to Hydrus model) 5 feld, sad feld, loam 4 rectato. feld sad feld loam G recarge, mm Results ad dscusso Recarge, mm m Mea aual G recarge (for G level det > 5 m) GR : from 5 to 45 mm/year feld, sad feld, sady loam y loam feld, loam 5 84 Relatos betwee GR ad groudwater level det dscarge by evaotrasrato recarge feld, sad 4 feld, loam 5 Z gw, m ex z ( z ) γ (Paskovsk, 985) ~(z) ~(z) 6 7 ( z ), we Z γ l р Z values for dfferet ladscae codtos z>z, > (G recarge) ol tye Feld Forest z < Z, < (G ET dscarge) ady oamy.7-..

6 Coclusos: Prcal dffereces of G recarge due to ladscae codtos boreal evromet form durg sort sow meltg erod Ma model arameters, wc frstly eed for calbrato based o observato data, are: sow meltg model arameters; surface ruoff model arameters. Tak you for atteto t