How to teleport your cat?
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1 How to teleport your cat? Māris Ozols University of Cambridge
2 What is quantum computing? Mathematics Quantum Computing Physics Computer Science
3 What is a computer?
4 What is a computer? A physical device for processing information input output
5 MacBook Pro (2012) iphone 6 (2014)
6 Apple IIc (1984)
7 Tandy 2000 (1983)
8 ENIAC (1946)
9 ??????
10 This is not a computer
11 Brunsviga (1950s)
12 Keuffel & Esser slide rule (1940)
13 Suanpan (Chinese abacus)
14 Primitive forms of computation
15 Could one use spaghetti needle rope toast bicycle to compute?
16 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon ( ) Buffon's needle
17 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon ( ) Prob. to cross a line = 2/π 2 (total # of needles) (# of needles crossing a line) π
18 2 1000/
19 Sagrada Família
20
21 Catenary Gateway Arch in St. Louis
22 An upside-down rope model of Sagrada Família
23
24 Eur. J. Phys. 16(4): (1995)
25 1996 Ig Nobel prize in physics! Eur. J. Phys. 16(4): (1995)
26 Every system is perfectly suited for simulating itself!
27 (Image: John Hart, Centre for Sports Engineering Research Sheffield Hallam University)
28
29 Which one is computation? Computer is a physical device for processing information Bicycle is a physical device too...
30 Which of these computers is the best? Computer A is better than computer B if A can simulate B
31 C. elegans 959 cells 302 neurons A project is underway to simulate it...
32 A universal computer Turing machine Alan Turing
33 A universal computer Turing machine Equivalent to Turing machine: lambda calculus cellular automata (game of life) unrestricted formal grammars various programming languages (C++, Pascal, Java, Lisp, Prolog,...) Alan Turing
34 A universal computer Turing machine Equivalent to Turing machine: lambda calculus cellular automata (game of life) unrestricted formal grammars various programming languages (C++, Pascal, Java, Lisp, Prolog,...) Alan Turing Physical Church Turing thesis All physically computable functions are computable by a Turing machine
35 Computation and physics Computer is a physical device for processing information What it can or cannot compute (and how fast) is limited by the underlying laws of physics
36 What are computers made of?
37 What are computers made of? Transistors
38 Analytical Engine Designed by Charles Babbage in 1837
39 Billiard ball computer Charles Bennett (1988) IBM Journal of Research and Development 32(1): (1988)
40 Quantum mechanics
41 Simulating physics Simulating quantum physics on a computer is very hard... Would it be easier if the computer itself would operate based on the laws of quantum physics? Richard Feynman
42 Simulating physics Simulating quantum physics on a computer is very hard... Would it be easier if the computer itself would operate based on the laws of quantum physics? Q: What kind of information would such computer process? Richard Feynman
43 What is information?
44 What is information? Information is a sequence of zeros and ones
45 Information A B C D E F G = = = = = = = Image Text Sound
46 First few bits of this PDF file
47 Bit 0 1
48 Probabilistic bit 0 1/2 1
49 Probability = =
50 Party invitation Name Coming? John Sarah Peter Anna Tom Rebecca Andy Kathy Richard Y N N Y - Total: 2-7
51 Party invitation Name Coming? Chances? John Sarah Peter Anna Tom Rebecca Andy Kathy Richard Y N N Y Total:
52 What is information? Information is what gives you advantage in betting
53 Will it rain tomorrow?
54 Probability as a stock price Probability that Barack Obama will be re-elected as US president in 2012
55 What is a quantum computer?
56 What is a quantum computer? + Quantum mechanics Computer Quantum computer is a device for processing quantum information
57 What is quantum information? Quantum information is what gives you advantage in betting when quantum phenomena are involved
58 Quantum coin 0 1
59 Quantum coin 0 1 These states are just regular probabilities
60 Measurement 0 1
61 Outcome probabilities ½ 0 1
62 Outcome probabilities
63 Arbitrary measurement 0 1 Measurement direction
64 Quantum teleportation
65 One-time pad Bob Alice m m Secret message NSA
66 One-time pad ½ 0/1 0/1 Privately shared random bit 0/1 0/1 Bob Alice m m Secret message ½ NSA
67 One-time pad ½ 0/1 0/1 Privately shared random bit ½ 0/1 0/1 Trick Alice If the shared random bit is 1, invert the message bit m. Otherwise, send m as it is. m m Secret message NSA Bob
68 Trading resources One-time pad: 1 privately shared random bit 1 bit of public communication = 1 bit of secret communication = 1 bit of quantum communication Quantum teleportation: 1 shared entangled quantum bit 2 bits of public communication
69 Can I teleport my cat?
70 Large systems with quantum behaviour
71 Tobacco mosaic virus
72 Not there yet... Thank you!
73 Quantum search
74 Quantum search
75 Quantum search
76 Quantum search?????????
77 Quantum search?????????
78 Quantum search?????????
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