A Numerical Study of Solid Fuel Pyrolysis under Time Dependent Radiant Heat Flux Conditions
|
|
- Ambrose Walters
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 7FR-75 Topic: Fire 8 th U. S. National Combustion Meeting Organized by the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute and hosted by the University of Utah May 19-, 13 Numerical Study of Solid Fuel Pyrolysis under Time Dependent Radiant Heat Flux Conditions Zohreh Ghorbani 1, rnaud Trouvé 1 1 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 74 The present study examines the effect of time dependent irradiation on pyrolysis processes. The pyrolysis process generally takes place in a strongly unsteady environment and consequently the gas-to-solid rate of heat transfer features strong unsteady variations. The variations of the gas-to-solid heat flux may result in some cases in significant variations of the fuel mass loss rate. This aspect is usually overlooked in experimental, theoretical or numerical analysis in hich a quasi-steady point of vie is often adopted. We examine in the present study the effects of fluctuations in incident radiant heat exposure on the pyrolysis processes taking place inside solid flammable materials. The study uses a simple one-dimensional numerical model. The pyrolysis model formulation is based on standard conservation statements for heat and mass, coupled ith a global one-step finite-rate decomposition chemistry model that can be applied to both non-charring and charring materials. The model allos for constant or time-varying radiant exposures. We consider in the present study harmonic periodic variations in irradiation characterized by a mean value, an amplitude and a frequency. The response of polymethyl methacrylate (PMM) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) samples is analyzed in terms of the amplitude of the fluctuations in both solid temperature and fuel mass loss rate. Results indicate that the response of charring and non-charring materials is quite different. In the case of PMM, the effects of time-varying radiant exposure are pronounced during the entire pyrolysis process, from ignition to burn-out. In contrast, in the case of PVC, the effects of time-varying radiant exposure are only pronounced during a limited time; this limited time corresponds to a regime in hich the pyrolysis front is ithin a certain spatial distance of the exposed surface of the material. The analysis leads to an evaluation of the importance of unsteady heat flux effects on pyrolysis processes. 1. Introduction The advent of computer simulation provides an excellent tool in predicting flame spread and fire groth in real-orld geometries. No, there is a significant interest in the fire community to use CFD-based fire simulation as it provides a cost-effective alternative to expensive full-scale fire tests and can provide a fundamental understanding of material flammability and fire groth [1]. ccurate predictions of the fuel mass loss rate are essential for CFD-based fire groth modeling because the amount of gaseous fuel generated by solid fuel determines in turn the intensity of the combustion process. In fire applications, solid pyrolysis corresponds to the transformation of carbon and hydrogen matter from solid to gas phase and thereby controls the rate of formation of flammable vapors that fuels the combustion process. Pyrolysis is driven by the gas-to-solid heat transfer process also called the thermal feedback hich includes convection and thermal radiation components. significant amount of experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted over the past fe decades for the analysis and prediction of pyrolysis processes of both charring and non-charring materials [1-8]. Pyrolysis models feature a variety of approaches and may be categorized as: 1) fully empirical models in hich the evolution of the fuel mass loss rate is prescribed based on data obtained in reference bench-scale or furniture calorimeter experiments; ) semi-empirical or comprehensive models that are based on detailed descriptions of the many physical 1
2 and chemical processes that occur inside solid fuel sources in response to the gas-to-solid thermal loading [1-6]. Semiempirical models correspond to an intermediate approach based on simplified descriptions of in-solid heat transfer and chemical processes [4-6]. These cost-effective models rely on a number of simplifications, e.g. infinitely fast or global single-step pyrolysis chemistry, the assumption of a single-phase homogeneous medium, etc. The pyrolysis process generally takes place in a strongly unsteady environment and consequently the gas-to-solid rate of heat transfer features strong unsteady variations. The variations of the gas-to-solid heat flux may result in some cases in significant variations of the fuel mass loss rate. This aspect is usually overlooked in experimental, theoretical, or numerical analysis in hich a quasi-steady point of vie is often adopted. In the present study, the effect of fluctuations in incident radiant heat exposure on the pyrolysis processes as examined. The paper is organized as follos: Section 1 contains a brief description the pyrolysis model employed in this study. The pyrolysis model formulation is based on standard conservation statements for heat and mass, coupled ith a global onestep finite-rate decomposition chemistry model that can be applied to both non-charring and charring materials. The pyrolysis model allos for constant or time-varying radiant exposures. The material properties and chemical reaction parameters used in the pyrolysis model have been previously calibrated based on an optimization technique to represent thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMM) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). mathematical solution to a reference analog problem corresponding to heat conduction in a semi-infinite solid thermally loaded by an unsteady heat flux is used as the basis for data analysis. Section 3 contains the study of the pyrolysis behavior of PMM and PVC here the radiation intensity is excited. The response of the PMM and PVC samples under harmonic periodic variations in irradiation as analyzed in terms of the magnitude of the fluctuations in both solid temperature and fuel mass loss rate. In Section 4, the findings of this study and plans for future ork are summarized.. Methods.1 Pyrolysis Model The present study considers a classical pyrolysis model that is similar to the experimental configuration studied in cone calorimeter tests. The pyrolysis model treats the thermal degradation across a solid as a local one-dimensional problem in the direction normal to the exposed solid surface. The model formulation is based on the classical conservation statements for heat and mass and is adopted from Ref [4]. n rrhenius-like thermal degradation chemistry is assumed based on a global one-step pyrolysis reaction ith virgin solids transformed into volatiles and char. The main equations of the model formulation based on finite volume formulation are: sy sgy (1) t syi y ( f - d ) i y () t scstsy k t y s Ts f d yh y ( - ) R (3) here s, cs, ks and T s designate the mass density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and temperature of the solid material, y the spatial coordinate normal to the exposed surface, y the cell height, the volumetric formation rate of volatiles from the condensed phase (i.e. the amount of virgin solid mass transformed into gas by pyrolysis processes per unit time per unit volume), fi and di are the volumetric formation and destruction rate of condensed species (virgin material or char) and H R the heat of pyrolysis. Equation (1) and equation () describe the solid phase mass conservation equation and solid phase mass species conservation equation. Equation (1) together ith equation () describes solid mass loss due to phase change and the associated production of flammable vapors. Equation (3) represents the conservation of energy for the condensed phase. sg
3 The total destruction rate of solid material as formulated using an rrhenius-like expression, shon in equation (4a). In equation (4a), T thr is the threshold temperature, Yvs the mass fraction of the solid material, a pre-exponential factor and E activation energy. The formation rate of char, at hich the solid mass converted to char, and the formation rate of volatiles from the condensed phase are: Y exp( E / RT ) (4a) d s vs sc SF d s (4b) sg ( 1 SF) d (4c) 1 vs SF 1 (1 ) (4d) Note vs c c, designate the mass density of the virgin solid material and char, and is a user defined parameter that controls shrinkage and selling. The fuel mass loss rate (per unit exposed surface area) is by definition the mass flux of volatiles from the exposed surface of the solid material and may be expressed as: L m ( t) ( x, t) dy (4) f sg here L is the sample thickness. Note that Eq. (4) neglects any possible gas transport effect from the depth of the solid sample to the exposed surface. The solid material is treated as optically opaque. The heat flux at the exposed surface of the solid material (at x = ) is: 4 4 ( q t) G ( Ts, T ) h( Ts, T ) radiation convection Note is the surface emissivity, G the irradiation from the radiant panel, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, (5) T s, the solid surface temperature (at x ), T the ambient gas temperature, and h the convective heat transfer coefficient. The model allos for constant or fluctuating radiant exposures. The back surface (at x L ) as assumed to be adiabatic. Equations (1)-(3) are coupled partial differential equations; these equations ere numerically solved using a fully implicit algorithm (second-order technique for spatial discretization time integration).. Pyrolysis Material Property The flammable materials examined in the present study are polymethyl methacrylate (PMM) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The pyrolysis model necessitated a large number of unknon coefficients (material properties and parameters of the chemical reactions), hich needed to be determined for each material. To achieve this, the pyrolysis model as coupled to an automated optimization scheme hich uses a genetic algorithm (G). This optimization scheme adjusts the material properties in an iterative process based on evolutionary principles to obtain optimal agreement beteen the model and experimental data, typically coming from thermo-gravimetric and/or cone calorimeter experiments. Test data needed for non-charring and charring polymers ere obtained from Ref. [4-5]. Table 1 presents value of material properties and reaction parameters for non-charring and charring material. The value of parameter 1 as considered for both PMM and PVC..3 Mathematical Theory.3.1 mplitude of Temperature Fluctuation The case of a one dimensional semi-infinite solid slab made of a homogenous material ith constant properties as considered. The slab as assumed to be at a constant initial temperature, T, and the surface as subjected to an oscillatory heat flux. In this section, the mathematical models used to predict the thermal behavior of the problem ill be developed. heat balance over the body leads to the folloing ell knon transient heat equation: 3
4 T t T x (6) here is the thermal diffusivity. The boundary condition is q(, t) q sin( t). The classical solution found in the literature is in the form of: q T( x, t) T k e x It can be seen in the steady state solution x t q x sin( t x ) cos( ( )) exp( ) 4 t k 4 4 q k x e represents the amplitude of oscillation at point x, and ( x ) 4 in the sine function represents the phase delay of oscillation at the point x relative to the oscillation of the surface temperature. It is apparent that the amplitude of the oscillation decreases as x increases, and the phase of oscillation delays ith increasing x. The oscillation at x is not as strong as that at the surface and there is a delay from the time that the surface temperature changes to the time that the temperature at x responds to such change. The amplitude of temperate oscillation at the front surface may be ritten as: T q k The sudden surface temperature change gradually propagates into the semi-infinite slab. The heat is conducted inside the material, developing to different sections: the heated region, hich the temperature is affected by the surface imposed heat and the virgin region here the material has not felt the presence of the surface heating, remaining at the initial temperature. The distance beteen the surface of the material and the front end of the regions named as the heat penetration depth, 4 t. The avelength of the heat equation analytical solution, the distance over hich the t aves shape repeats, is given by. k Table 1. Synthetic data non-charring and charring material. Virgin Material Properties Residue Material Properties Reaction Parameters PMM PVC PMM PVC PMM PVC ρ(kg/m 3 ) ρ(kg/m 3 ) ΔHp(kJ/kg) 91E+3.9E+5 c(j/kg/k) c(kj/kg/k) (s -1 ) 1.9E+11.98E+13 k(w/m/k).7.17 k(w/m/k) -.1 E(kJ/mol) 1.53E E+5 ε.9.9 ε -.9 Tthr(ºC) χ 1 1 η.3.3. Pyrolysis Front Thickness The heat transferred from the external radiation source to the surface of the material slab develops a thermal ave traveling through the material. In addition, as heat penetrates, a pyrolysis front develops and propagates inside the virgin material ith time. In other ords, upon the incoming heat flux, a thermal ave develops and travels through the material, folloed by the pyrolysis front. t steady state, chemical time scales and diffusion time scales have the same order of magnitude. This leads to an expression for pyrolysis front thickness. (7) (8) chemical diffusion E exp( RT s ) (9) Where, E and Ts are a pre-exponential factor, activation energy and solid temperature, R the gas constant. 3. Results and Discussion 4
5 It as assumed that the sample thickness is 5 mm and that the convective heat loss at the surface of the samples is negligible. Harmonic variations in irradiation ere used in the form G Gmean G sin( f t).note Gmean, G, f are the mean irradiation from panel, forcing irradiation amplitude, and forcing frequency. These variations in gas-to-solid heat loading induce oscillations in solid temperatures. To provide a qualitative analysis of the effect of external heat flux on pyrolysis of charring and non-charring plastic, a sinusoidal thermal load ith mean radiation intensity of 5, 75 K/m and 1 K/m, forcing radiation amplitude of 5, 1 and K/m, and frequency of.1-1 Hz as considered. Figure 1 presents representative results in the form of a comparison beteen the simulated fuel mass loss rate and front surface temperature obtained ith a steady and unsteady radiant heat flux. The PVC slab as subjected to incident radiation value of G 75K/m, G K/m, f.1hz. The harmonic variation in thermal load, shon in figure mean 1, induced oscillations in burning rate and front surface temperature. The back all surface temperature as not affected by the excited exited radiant heat exposure. It is expected that for a thermally thin sample, an oscillatory behavior ould be observed at the back all surface. The oscillatory behavior in the burning rate of PVC is damped out after seconds. The magnitude of the burning rate oscillation varied ith time before it reached the steady state. Figure 1. Time variation of the fuel mass loss rate (left) and front surface temperature (right): Case of a PVC sample subjected to a constant (blue line) and time-varying (red dots) radiant heat flux. G 75K/m, G K/m, f.1hz mean Figure shos the reaction rate and temperature profile inside the PVC slab at 3 seconds for one cycle. The heat transferred from the harmonic radiation panel to the surface of the PVC layer causes pyrolysis of PVC and hence the formation of a pyrolysis front and its movement inside the virgin material ith time. The pyrolysis front propagating through the solid separates char from the virgin material, indicated in figure. In addition, profiles shon in figure indicate that the position of the pyrolysis front, as an interface beteen char zone and virgin zone, and pyrolysis front thickness (pyrolysis zone) varies in time. The temperature oscillation inside the solid is confined ithin a small region and does not penetrate throughout the PVC sample. The characteristic length scale, l, is.531 mm and gives the distance at hich oscillatory external heat flux takes place and consequently influences the behavior of both mass loss rate and front surface temperature. In other ords, as long as the reaction front ave is inside of the reaction zone, the effect of oscillations in irradiation ill be pronounced in the pyrolysis model calculation. The temperature characteristics versus time and depth, and thus the burning characteristics during the pyrolysis process, depend on both the material properties and the external parameters. The groing char layer formed a high thermal resistant layer beteen the front surface and the pyrolysis front ave, and, acting like a damper, damped out the thermal oscillatory ave propagating from the front surface toard the solid slab. 5
6 Temp(K) Temp(K) Reaction Rate(kg/m 3 /s) Reaction Rate(kg/m 3 /s) 15 1 Oscillatory Thermal Load T = 36. s T = 38.5 s T = 41. s T = 43.5 s T = 46. s Constant Thermal Load T = 36. s T = 38.5 s T = 41. s T = 43.5 s T = 46. s Oscillatory Thermal Load T = 36. s T = 38.5 s T = 41. s T = 43.5 s T = 46. s Constant Thermal Load T = 36. s T = 38.5 s T = 41. s T = 43.5 s T = 46. s Figure. Reaction rate and temperature distribution inside 5 mm PVC sample subjected to harmonic irradiation G 75K/m, G K/m, f.1hz mean Figure 3. Time variation of the fuel mass loss rate (left) and front surface temperature (right): Case of a PMM sample subjected to a constant (blue line) and time-varying (red dots) radiant heat flux Gmean 75K/m, G K/m, f.1hz. Figure 3 shos a comparison beteen the simulated fuel mass loss rate and the front surface temperature obtained ith a steady and unsteady radiant heat flux for PMM. The PMM slab as subjected to incident radiation value of 6
7 Temp(K) Temp(K) Reaction Rate(kg/m 3 /s) Reaction Rate(kg/m 3 /s) Gmean 75K/m, G K/m, f.1hz. s indicated in the figure, the harmonic behavior in the fuel mass loss curve remains until the burn out time. The back all temperature, not shon here, as affected by the exited thermal load at 1 seconds. The magnitude of the burning rate oscillation for PMM remains constant hereas this varies ith time for PVC material. The chemical process during the pyrolysis results in shrinkage of the PMM material hich results in steeper temperature gradients and increased heat transfer ithin the particle. Hoever, for PVC, the formation of the char acts like a thermal barrier and as a result the oscillation in radiant panel ill not propagate toard the solid sample Oscillatory Thermal Load T = 53. s T = 55.5 s T = 58. s T = 6.5 s T = 63. s Constant Thermal Load T = 53. s T = 55.5 s T = 58. s T = 6.5 s T = 63. s Oscillatory Thermal Load T = 53. s T = 55.5 s T = 58. s T = 6.5 s T = 63. s Constant Thermal Load 7 T = 53. s T = 55.5 s 65 T = 58. s T = 6.5 s T = 63. s Figure 4. Reaction rate and temperature distribution inside 5 mm PMM sample subjected to harmonic and constant radiationg 75K/m, G K/m, f.1hz. mean Figure 4 shos the temperature profile and reaction rate at 53seconds for one cycle inside the PMM solid sample. Fluctuations appeared in the traces of temperature profile and reaction rate. The characteristic length scale, l, for PMM has the value of.768 mm. The pyrolysis front is ithin the characteristic distance of the exposed surface in hich the incoming heat flux is exited, and therefore the effects of time-varying irradiation are pronounced. Figure 3 together ith figure 7 indicate that the response of charring and non-charring materials is different. The pyrolysis front thickness at time 1, 37, 65, 9, and 1 seconds is.5,.6, 1., 1.85 and.5 mm respectively. The theoretical 7
8 T (K) T (K) pyrolysis thickness is calculated from equation (9) is 1.6 mm. It appears the predicted pyrolysis thickness and the values obtained from the pyrolysis model are of the same order of magnitude. The amplitude of temperature fluctuation at the front surface for PMM and PVC solid sample is compared ith the theoretical expression, shon in equation (8) at different frequencies and forcing amplitudes of 5 kw/m. The theoretical predictions match the model at frequencies of.5 and 1 Hz. Hoever at lo values of frequency the theory over predicts the oscillation amplitude for PVC (PMM) by about 15 %( %3) PVC PMM 5 4 X:.1 Y: 41.1 Model Theory Model Theory f(hz) f(hz) Figure 5. The amplitude of temperature fluctuations for 5 mm PVC (left) and PMM (right) slab: theoretical (black diamond), model (circle). G 75K/m, G K/m mean 4. Conclusions The general objective of the present study is to evaluate the pyrolysis process of both charring and non-charring material under a time-varying thermal load. The flammable solids considered for the present study ere PMM and PVC. general pyrolysis model as developed based on conservation of mass, species and energy. The model allos for material shrinkage and transient thermal load. The pyrolysis parameters needed for pyrolysis modeling ere estimated based on a genetic algorithm technique. mathematical expression as developed based on a simple one dimensional heat equation to predict the fluctuation magnitude of the front surface temperature. comparison of predictions made by the pyrolysis models under harmonic radiant exposure for PMM and PVC as presented. The response in fuel mass loss rate and back all temperature as different for each flammable material. In the case of PMM, the effects of timevarying radiant exposure ere pronounced during the entire pyrolysis process, from ignition to burn-out. In contrast, in the case of PVC, the effects of time-varying radiant exposure ere only pronounced during a limited time; this limited time corresponds to a regime in hich the pyrolysis front is ithin a certain spatial distance of the exposed surface of the material. The analysis led to an evaluation of the importance of unsteady heat flux effects on pyrolysis processes. Continuing ork on this topic is planned and summarized as follos: (1) continued development of a mathematical model to accurately predict the effect of harmonic radiant exposure on pyrolysis process, () elaborate on an adequate technique to calculate the ratio of the reaction production and solid temperature, (3) a better understanding of char formation on impact on propagation of pyrolysis front under harmonic incoming heat flux, and (4) analyze the fuel mass rate fluctuation amplitude under transient thermal load to determine a systematic approach to differentiate charring and non-charring material. References 1. C. Di Blasi, Modeling and simulation of combustion processes of charring and non-charring solid fuels, Progress in Energy Combustion science 19 (1993) B., Moghtaderi, The state-of-the-art in pyrolysis modeling of lignocellulosic solid fuels, Fire and Materials 3 (6)
9 3. C. Di Blasi, Modeling chemical and physical processes of ood and biomass pyrolysis, Progress in Energy Combustion science 34 (8) C., Lautenberger, C. Fernandez-Pello, Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids, Fire Safety Journal 44 (9) G. Rein, C. Lautenberger, C. Fernandez-Pello, J.L. Torero, D.L. Urban, pplication of genetic algorithms and thermogravimetry to determine the kinetics of polyurethane foam in smoldering combustion, Combustion and Flame 146 (6) M., Chaos, M.M., Khan, N., Krishnamoorthy, J.L., de Ris, S., Dorofeev, Evaluation of optimization schemes and determination of solid fuel properties for CFD fire models using bench-scale pyrolysis tests, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 (11) S.I., Stoliarov, S., Croley, R.N., Walters, R.E., Lyon, Prediction of the burning rates of non-charring polymers, Combustion and Flame 156 (9) S.I., Stoliarov, S., Croley, R.N., Walters, R.E., Lyon, Prediction of the burning rates of charring polymers, Combustion and Flame 157 (1)
ABSTRACT. Title of Document: UNCERTAINTY IN PYROLYSIS MODELING: PARAMETERS ESTIMATION AND UNDTEADY CONDITIONS. Zohreh Ghorbani Master of Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Title of Document: UNCERTAINTY IN PYROLYSIS MODELING: PARAMETERS ESTIMATION AND UNDTEADY CONDITIONS Zohreh Ghorbani Master of Science, 013 Directed By: Professor Arnaud Trouve Department of Aerospace
More informationModeling of the pyrolysis of plywood exposed to heat fluxes under cone calorimeter
Modeling of the pyrolysis of plywood exposed to heat fluxes under cone calorimeter TALAL FATEH, FRANCK RICHARD, and THOMAS ROGAUME Institut Pprime / Département FTC Téléport 2-1, avenue Clément Ader, 86961
More informationONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF PYROLYSIS AND IGNITION OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD SUBJECTED TO TRANSIENT IRRADIATION
ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF PYROLYSIS AND IGNITION OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD SUBJECTED TO TRANSIENT IRRADIATION Izabella Vermesi, Gaurav Agarwal, Marcos Chaos, and Guillermo Rein 1 Imperial College London
More informationCritical Conditions for Water-based Suppression of Plastic Pool Fires. H. Li 1, A. S. Rangwala 1 and J.L. Torero 2
Paper # 070FR-0069 Topic: Fire 8 th U. S. National Combustion Meeting Organized by the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute and hosted by the University of Utah May 19-22, 2013 Critical Conditions
More informationPyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials
Pyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials ANNA MATALA, and SIMO HOSTIKKA VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland P.O.Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT, Finland ABSTRACT One of the most commonly used materials in
More informationThermo-Kinetic Model of Burning for Polymeric Materials
Thermo-Kinetic Model of Burning for Polymeric Materials Stanislav I. Stoliarov a, Sean Crowley b, Richard Lyon b a University of Maryland, Fire Protection Engineering, College Park, MD 20742 b FAA W. J.
More informationGLOWING AND FLAMING AUTOIGNITION OF WOOD
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Volume 29, 2002/pp. 289 296 GLOWING AND FLAMING AUTOIGNITION OF WOOD N. BOONMEE and J. G. QUINTIERE Department of Fire Protection Engineering University of Maryland
More informationTHERMAL DEGRADATION AND IGNITION OF WOOD BY THERMAL RADIATION
THERMAL DEGRADATION AND IGNITION OF WOOD BY THERMAL RADIATION D.K. Shen, M.X. Fang, Z.Y. Luo and K.F. Cen State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Poer Engineering Zhejiang
More informationABSTRACT. Robert Dale Webster, Jr. Master of Science, an input parameter set to a finite difference one-dimensional model of transient
ABSTRACT Title of Document: PYROLYSIS MODEL PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION USING A CUSTOMIZED STOCHASTIC HILL-CLIMBER ALGORITHM AND BENCH SCALE FIRE TEST DATA Robert Dale Webster, Jr. Master of Science, 2009 Directed
More informationApplication of genetic algorithm in pyrolysis model parameter estimation. Anna Matala 60968U
Application of genetic algorithm in pyrolysis model parameter estimation Anna Matala 60968U 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Small scale experiments 3 3 Pyrolysis Modeling 7 4 Genetic Algorithm 7 4.1 Basic
More informationComparison of competitive and non-competitive char formation in polymer combustion
Comparison of competitive and non-competitive char formation in polymer combustion S.D.WATT*, J.E.J. STAGGS*, A.C. MCINTOSH* and J. BRINDLEY +, *Department of Fuel and Energy, University of Leeds, Leeds
More informationFlame Spread and Extinction over Thermally Thick PMMA in Low Oxygen Concentration Flow
Flame Spread and Extinction over Thermally Thick PMMA in Low Oxygen Concentration Flow Y. KUDO, M. ITAKURA, Y. FUJITA, and A. ITO Faculty of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki,
More informationIGNITABILITY ANALYSIS USING THE CONE CALORIMETER AND LIFT APPARATUS
189 IGNITABILITY ANALYSIS USING THE CONE CALORIMETER AND LIFT APPARATUS Mark A. Dietenberger USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory* Madison, WI 53705-2398 ABSTRACT The irradiance plotted as function
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INTUMESCENT FIRE PROTECTION COATINGS
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INTUMESCENT FIRE PROTECTION COATINGS Mesquita, L.M.R. 1 ; Piloto, P.A.G. 1 ; Vaz, M.A.P. 2 1 Applied Mechanics Dep., Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-857 Bragança, Portugal.
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES FOR FLAME SPREAD OVER A FINITE-LENGTH PMMA WITH RADIATION EFFECT
ISTP-16, 2005, PRAGUE 16 TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRANSPORT PHENOMENA EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES FOR FLAME SPREAD OVER A FINITE-LENGTH PMMA WITH RADIATION EFFECT Wen-Kuei Chang and Chiun-Hsun
More informationEvaporation and heat transfer from thin water films on vertical panels in simulated fire conditions
Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VII 195 Evaporation and heat transfer from thin water films on vertical panels in simulated fire conditions J. de Vries, K. V. Meredith & Y. Xin Research Division,
More informationPyrolysis modeling, thermal decomposition, and transport processes in combustible solids
CHAPTER 6 Pyrolysis modeling, thermal decomposition, and transport processes in combustible solids C. Lautenberger & C. Fernandez-Pello University of California, Berkeley, USA. Abstract In a fire, combustion
More informationFire scenarios modelling for the safe design of a passenger rail carriage
Fire scenarios modelling for the safe design of a passenger rail carriage Andreini A., Da Soghe R., Facchini B., Giusti A. 1, L. Caruso ; G. Luconi 2, (2)- Troiano D. 3, 1, Engineering Department Sergio
More informationWorkshop on Modeling of Under-Ventilated Compartment Fires
Workshop on Modeling of Under-Ventilated Compartment Fires - August 30, 2005 - André Marshall, James G. Quintiere, Arnaud Trouvé Department of Fire Protection Engineering University of Maryland, College
More informationLecture 8 Laminar Diffusion Flames: Diffusion Flamelet Theory
Lecture 8 Laminar Diffusion Flames: Diffusion Flamelet Theory 8.-1 Systems, where fuel and oxidizer enter separately into the combustion chamber. Mixing takes place by convection and diffusion. Only where
More informationAccurate and Estimation Methods for Frequency Response Calculations of Hydroelectric Power Plant
Accurate and Estimation Methods for Frequency Response Calculations of Hydroelectric Poer Plant SHAHRAM JAI, ABOLFAZL SALAMI epartment of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology
More informationContext and fundamental issues
Context and fundamental issues Fire behaviour of composite materials Multi-scale problem X-ray µtomography, Panerai @NASA Length scale Condensed matter [mg - mm] Laser-induced decomposition of a composite
More informationThermoacoustic Instabilities Research
Chapter 3 Thermoacoustic Instabilities Research In this chapter, relevant literature survey of thermoacoustic instabilities research is included. An introduction to the phenomena of thermoacoustic instability
More informationMCS 7 Chia Laguna, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, September 11-15, 2011
MCS 7 Chia Laguna, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, September 11-15, 2011 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN COMPARTMENT FIRES J. G. Qunitiere* and P. S. Veloo** jimq@umd.edu *University of Maryland, College
More informationCENG 5210 Advanced Separation Processes. Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis CENG 510 Advanced Separation Processes In osmosis, solvent transports from a dilute solute or salt solution to a concentrated solute or salt solution across a semipermeable membrane hich
More informationOn Lithium Wall and Performance of Magnetic Fusion Device
On Lithium Wall and Performance of Magnetic Fusion Device S. I. Krasheninnikov 1, L. E. Zakharov 2, and G. V. Pereverzev 3 1 University California San Diego, La Jolla, USA 2 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory,
More informationXioanan, Ren, Zong, Ruowen, Hu, Yuan, Siuming, Lo, Stec, Anna A and Hull, T Richard
Article Numerical simulation of decomposition of Polymer Nano composites: Investigation of the Influence of the Char Structure Xioanan, Ren, Zong, Ruowen, Hu, Yuan, Siuming, Lo, Stec, Anna A and Hull,
More informationMEASUREMENTS OF TIME-SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER TO AIR USING A THIN CONDUCTIVE-FILM
MEASUREMENTS OF TIME-SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER TO AIR USING A THIN CONDUCTIVE-FILM Hajime Nakamura Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense Academy 1-10-0 Hashirimizu,
More informationMODELING THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF POLYMER/CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITES
MODELING THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF POLYMER/CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITES A. Galgano*, C. Branca*, C. Di Blasi** galgano@irc.cnr.it * Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, C.N.R., P.le V. Tecchio,
More informationChapter 5 Test. Directions: Write the correct letter on the blank before each question.
Chapter 5 Test Name: Date: Directions: Write the correct letter on the blank before each question. Objective 1: Explain the science of fire as it relates to energy, forms of ignition, and modes of combustion.
More informationABSTRACT. Mark B. McKinnon, Master of Science, Department of Fire Protection Engineering
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR FLAMING COMBUSTION OF DOUBLE-WALL CORRUGATED CARDBOARD Mark B. McKinnon, Master of Science, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Stanislav
More informationA mathematical description of thermal decomposition and spontaneous ignition of wood slab under a truncated-cone heater
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(3), 613-619 (2013) DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0181-2 INVITED REVIEW PAPER A mathematical description of thermal decomposition and spontaneous ignition of wood slab under a truncated-cone
More informationEffects of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient in Prediction of Materials Properties from Cone Calorimeter Testing
Effects of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient in Prediction of Materials Properties from Cone Calorimeter Testing Noah Ryder a,b*, Elizabeth Weckman a a Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering,
More informationThe State of Art model Fire Dynamics Simulator: Feasibility of Introduction of New RAMP and Tabular Functions.
The State of Art model Fire Dynamics Simulator: Feasibility of Introduction of New RAMP and Tabular Functions. A. S. Abu-Bakar and K. A. M. Moinuddin Centre for Environmental and Risk Engineering, College
More informationResponse of NiTi SMA wire electrically heated
, 06037 (2009) DOI:10.1051/esomat/200906037 Oned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2009 Response of NiTi SMA ire electrically heated C. Zanotti a, P. Giuliani, A. Tuissi 1, S. Arnaboldi 1, R.
More informationBackground Commonly Used Fabric Tests Thermal Physical Test Methods Objective Limitations Conclusions 9/16/2016
Dominique Adams Product Development Engineer Industrial Fabrics September 21, 2016 AATCC Flammability Symposium Background Commonly Used Fabric Tests Thermal Physical Test Methods Objective Limitations
More informationEffects of Time-Dependent Heat Fluxes on Pyrolysis and Spontaneous Ignition of Wet Wood. Anhui, China
Effects of Time-Dependent Heat Fluxes on Pyrolysis and Spontaneous Ignition of Wet Wood Zhai C. J. 1,2, Yang Z. 1, *, Zhou X. D. 1, Peng F. 1, Gong J. H. 3 1 University of Science and Technology of China,
More informationExperimental and Theoretical Study of the Ignition and Smoldering of Wood Including Convective Effects
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Ignition and Smoldering of Wood Including Convective Effects R. BILBAO,* J. F. MASTRAL, M. E. ALDEA, J. CEAMANOS and M. BETRÁN Department of Chemical and Environmental
More informationIncremental identification of transport phenomena in wavy films
17 th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering ESCAPE17 V. Plesu and P.S. Agachi (Editors) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1 Incremental identification of transport phenomena in
More informationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTS OF HEAT FLUX AND DENSITY ON SMOLDERING OF COTTON Ramesh D K *1, Manjunath S O #1, Sanjay R #2, Sai Naveen S #3, Jayantha #4 * Associate professor, # BE Scholar Department
More informationA turbulence closure based on the maximum entropy method
Advances in Fluid Mechanics IX 547 A turbulence closure based on the maximum entropy method R. W. Derksen Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Abstract
More informationENGINEERING OF NUCLEAR REACTORS. Tuesday, October 9 th, 2014, 1:00 2:30 p.m.
.31 ENGINEERING OF NUCLEAR REACTORS Tuesday, October 9 th, 014, 1:00 :30 p.m. OEN BOOK QUIZ 1 (solutions) roblem 1 (50%) Loss o condensate pump transient in a LWR condenser i) Consider the seaater in the
More informationProtocol for Ignitability, Lateral Flame Spread, and Heat Release Rate Using Lift Apparatus
In: Nelson, Gordon L., ed. Fire and polymers II. Materials and tests for hazard prevention: Proceedings of 208th National meeting of the American Chemical Society; 1994 August 21-26; Washington, DC. ACS
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRASONIC IMMERSION TRANSDUCERS
CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRASONIC IMMERSION TRANSDUCERS INTRODUCTION David D. Bennink, Center for NDE Anna L. Pate, Engineering Science and Mechanics Ioa State University Ames, Ioa 50011 In any ultrasonic
More informationRESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA, 2017 Volume 25, Number 40
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA 2017 Volume 25, Number 40 THE EFFECT OF THE HEAT FLUX ON THE SELF-IGNITION OF ORIENTED
More informationGroup-invariant solutions of nonlinear elastodynamic problems of plates and shells *
Group-invariant solutions of nonlinear elastodynamic problems of plates and shells * V. A. Dzhupanov, V. M. Vassilev, P. A. Dzhondzhorov Institute of mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G.
More informationDocumentation of the Solutions to the SFPE Heat Transfer Verification Cases
Documentation of the Solutions to the SFPE Heat Transfer Verification Cases Prepared by a Task Group of the SFPE Standards Making Committee on Predicting the Thermal Performance of Fire Resistive Assemblies
More informationFOR 435/535: Remote Sensing for Fire Management. FOR 435: Remote Sensing for Fire Management. FOR 435: Thermal Properties of Fires
FOR 435/535: Remote Sensing for Fire Management FOR 435: Remote Sensing for Fire Management 4. Active Fire Behavior Thermal Properties of Fires Field Measures Remote Sensing The amount of heat per unit
More information3-D FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THE REMOTE FIELD EDDY CURRENT EFFECT
3-D FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THE REMOTE FIELD EDDY CURRENT EFFECT Y. Sun and H. Lin Department of Automatic Control Nanjing Aeronautical Institute Nanjing 2116 People's Republic of China Y. K. Shin,
More informationTowards a Theory of Societal Co-Evolution: Individualism versus Collectivism
Toards a Theory of Societal Co-Evolution: Individualism versus Collectivism Kartik Ahuja, Simpson Zhang and Mihaela van der Schaar Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Economics, UCLA Theorem
More informationNondestructive Monitoring of Setting and Hardening of Portland Cement Mortar with Sonic Methods
Nondestructive Monitoring of Setting and Hardening of Portland Cement Mortar ith Sonic Methods Thomas Voigt, Northestern University, Evanston, USA Surendra P. Shah, Northestern University, Evanston, USA
More informationSmoldering combustion of incense sticks - experiments and modeling
Smoldering combustion of incense sticks - experiments and modeling H. S. Mukunda*, J. Basani*, H. M. Shravan** and Binoy Philip*, May 30, 2007 Abstract This paper is concerned with the experimental and
More informationANALYTICAL MODEL OF FLAME SPREAD IN FULL- SCALE ROOM/CORNER TESTS (ISO9705)
211 ANALYTICAL MODEL OF FLAME SPREAD IN FULL- SCALE ROOM/CORNER TESTS (ISO9705) Mark Dietenberger, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin* and Ondrej Grexa, State Forest Products
More informationNumerical Examination of Two-Dimensional Smolder Structure in Polyurethane Foam
Numerical Examination of Two-Dimensional Smolder Structure in Polyurethane Foam A. B. Dodd 1,2,a, C. Lautenberger 2, and A.C. Fernandez-Pello 2 1 Sandia National Laboratories b, Albuquerque, NM, 87185
More informationEffect of Backing Board on the Heat Release Rate of Wood
62 Effect of Backing Board on the Heat Release Rate of Wood Mark Dietenberger U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory 1 Madison, Wisconsin Abstract. Cone calorimeter
More informationComputation of turbulent natural convection at vertical walls using new wall functions
Computation of turbulent natural convection at vertical alls using ne all functions M. Hölling, H. Herig Institute of Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Hamburg University of Technology Denickestraße 17, 2173 Hamburg,
More informationEffect of Insertion Devices. Effect of IDs on beam dynamics
Effect of Insertion Devices The IDs are normally made of dipole magnets ith alternating dipole fields so that the orbit outside the device is un-altered. A simple planer undulator ith vertical sinusoidal
More informationRates of phase transformations in mixed-phase clouds
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 134: 595608 (2008) Published online 9 April 2008 in Wiley InterScience (.interscience.iley.com).230 Rates of phase transformations
More informationPOSTER PAPER PROCEEDINGS
ITA - AITES WORLD TUNNEL CONGRESS 21-26 April 2018 Dubai International Convention & Exhibition Centre, UAE POSTER PAPER PROCEEDINGS Flow and temperature characteristics around a burning car in a long tunnel
More informationBusiness Cycles: The Classical Approach
San Francisco State University ECON 302 Business Cycles: The Classical Approach Introduction Michael Bar Recall from the introduction that the output per capita in the U.S. is groing steady, but there
More informationVapor Pressure Prediction for Stacked-Chip Packages in Reflow by Convection-Diffusion Model
Vapor Pressure Prediction for Stacked-Chip Packages in Reflo by Convection-Diffusion Model Jeremy Adams, Liangbiao Chen, and Xuejun Fan Lamar University, PO Box 10028, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA Tel: 409-880-7792;
More informationInverse Heat Flux Evaluation using Conjugate Gradient Methods from Infrared Imaging
11 th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Inverse Heat Flux Evaluation using Conjugate Gradient Methods from Infrared Imaging by J. Sousa*, L. Villafane*, S. Lavagnoli*, and
More informationExperimental and Numerical Study on Effect of Sample Orientation on Auto-Ignition and Piloted Ignition of Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Materials 2015, 8, 4004-4021; doi:10.3390/ma8074004 Article OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials Experimental and Numerical Study on Effect of Sample Orientation on Auto-Ignition
More informationCALCULATION OF STEAM AND WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES USING FIELD PRODUCTION DATA, WITH LABORATORY VERIFICATION
CALCULATION OF STEAM AND WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES USING FIELD PRODUCTION DATA, WITH LABORATORY VERIFICATION Jericho L. P. Reyes, Chih-Ying Chen, Keen Li and Roland N. Horne Stanford Geothermal Program,
More informationQuantitative Study of Fingering Pattern Created by Smoldering Combustion
Quantitative Study of Fingering Pattern Created by Smoldering Combustion Tada Y. 1, Suzuki K. 1, Iizuka H. 1, Kuwana K. 1, *, Kushida G. 1 Yamagata University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
More informationA FLAMELET MODEL FOR DIFFUSION FLAMES IN POROUS MEDIA. Max Akira Endo Kokubun. Fernando Filho Fachini
A FLAMELET MODEL FOR DIFFUSION FLAMES IN POROUS MEDIA Max Akira Endo Kokubun Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Rod. Presidente Dutra, km 40 - Cachoeira Paulista/SP, max@lcp.inpe.br Fernando Filho
More informationUNCERTAINTY SCOPE OF THE FORCE CALIBRATION MACHINES. A. Sawla Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Bundesallee 100, D Braunschweig, Germany
Measurement - Supports Science - Improves Technology - Protects Environment... and Provides Employment - No and in the Future Vienna, AUSTRIA, 000, September 5-8 UNCERTAINTY SCOPE OF THE FORCE CALIBRATION
More information18.12 FORCED-DAMPED VIBRATIONS
8. ORCED-DAMPED VIBRATIONS Vibrations A mass m is attached to a helical spring and is suspended from a fixed support as before. Damping is also provided in the system ith a dashpot (ig. 8.). Before the
More informationTransactions on Engineering Sciences vol 5, 1994 WIT Press, ISSN
Smolder spread through thin horizontal fuel layers C. Di Blasi Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universitd degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, PmzWe 7. Tecc/wo, (90^^5 Mzpo/z, 7(a/?/ ABSTRACT Two-dimensional
More informationCone Calorimetric Study of Gangue Flame Retardance of PVC
3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology (ICMIT 216) Cone Calorimetric Study of Gangue Flame Retardance of PVC Ying-juan Sun 1,a, Chun-guang Song 1,b, Yin-qiu Wei 1,c 1 School
More informationPROBLEM (a) Long duct (L): By inspection, F12. By reciprocity, (b) Small sphere, A 1, under concentric hemisphere, A 2, where A 2 = 2A
PROBLEM 3. KNON: Various geometric shapes involving two areas and. FIND: Shape factors, F and F, for each configuration. SSUMPTIONS: Surfaces are diffuse. NLYSIS: The analysis is not to make use of tables
More informationInternational Fire Safety Symposium 2015
Proceedings of the International Fire Safety Symposium 2015 Organizers: cib - International Council for Research and Innovation in Building Construction UC - University of Coimbra albrasci - Luso-Brazilian
More informationDepartment of Mathematic, Ganjdundwara (P.G.) College, Ganjdundwara (Kashiram Nagar) (U.P.)
International Journal of Stability and Fluid Mechanics July- December 1, Volume 1, No., pp. 319-33 ISSN(Print)-975-8399, (Online) -31-475X AACS. All rights reserved IJS M Effect Of Hall Current On Mhd
More informationPROBLEM Node 5: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
PROBLEM 4.78 KNOWN: Nodal network and boundary conditions for a water-cooled cold plate. FIND: (a) Steady-state temperature distribution for prescribed conditions, (b) Means by which operation may be extended
More informationLecture 7 Flame Extinction and Flamability Limits
Lecture 7 Flame Extinction and Flamability Limits 7.-1 Lean and rich flammability limits are a function of temperature and pressure of the original mixture. Flammability limits of methane and hydrogen
More informationWarehouse Commodity Classification from Fundamental Principles. Part II: Flame Heights and Flame Spread
Warehouse Commodity Classification from Fundamental Principles. Part II: Flame Heights and Flame Spread K.J. Overholt a,, M.J. Gollner b, J. Perricone c, A.S. Rangwala a, F.A. Williams b a Worcester Polytechnic
More informationEnhancing Generalization Capability of SVM Classifiers with Feature Weight Adjustment
Enhancing Generalization Capability of SVM Classifiers ith Feature Weight Adjustment Xizhao Wang and Qiang He College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hebei University, Baoding 07002, Hebei, China
More informationCONVERGING FLOW ON-LINE RHEOMETRY FOR AN ENGINEERING EXTENSIONAL VISCOSITY OF UPVC.
CONVERGING FLOW ON-LINE RHEOMETRY FOR AN ENGINEERING EXTENSIONAL VISCOSITY OF UPVC. H. J. Ettinger, J. F. T. Pittman*, J. Sienz Centre for Polymer Processing Simulation and Design, C2EC, School of Engineering,
More informationPROBLEM (a) Long duct (L): By inspection, F12. By reciprocity, (b) Small sphere, A 1, under concentric hemisphere, A 2, where A 2 = 2A
PROBLEM 3. KNON: Various geometric shapes involving two areas and. FIND: Shape factors, F and F, for each configuration. SSUMPTIONS: Surfaces are diffuse. NLYSIS: The analysis is not to make use of tables
More informationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering BM 7103 FUELS AND COMBUSTION QUESTION BANK UNIT-1-FUELS
Department of Mechanical Engineering BM 7103 FUELS AND COMBUSTION QUESTION BANK UNIT-1-FUELS 1. Define the term fuels. 2. What are fossil fuels? Give examples. 3. Define primary fuels. Give examples. 4.
More informationTAU Extensions for High Enthalpy Flows. Sebastian Karl AS-RF
TAU Extensions for High Enthalpy Flows Sebastian Karl AS-RF Contents Motivation Extensions available in the current release: Numerical schemes for super- and hypersonic flow fields Models for gas mixtures,
More informationINTERACTION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH THE SURFACE OF PALLADIUM HYDRIDE CATHODES
Material Characterization Session 10 O_4 INTERACTION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH THE SURFACE OF PALLADIUM HYDRIDE CATHODES E. Castagna,S. Lecci, M. Sansovini, F. Sarto and V. Violante RdA ENEA,
More informationCHAPTER 3 THE COMMON FACTOR MODEL IN THE POPULATION. From Exploratory Factor Analysis Ledyard R Tucker and Robert C. MacCallum
CHAPTER 3 THE COMMON FACTOR MODEL IN THE POPULATION From Exploratory Factor Analysis Ledyard R Tucker and Robert C. MacCallum 1997 19 CHAPTER 3 THE COMMON FACTOR MODEL IN THE POPULATION 3.0. Introduction
More informationSimplified Collector Performance Model
Simplified Collector Performance Model Prediction of the thermal output of various solar collectors: The quantity of thermal energy produced by any solar collector can be described by the energy balance
More informationTHERMAL ANALYSIS OF A SPENT FUEL TRANSPORTATION CASK
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2009 Bangalore THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A SPENT FUEL TRANSPORTATION CASK P. Goyal*, Vishnu Verma, R.K. Singh & A.K. Ghosh Reactor Safety Division Bhabha
More informationAnalysis of Nonlinear Characteristics of Turbine Governor and Its Impact on Power System Oscillation
Energy and Poer Engineering, 203, 5, 746-750 doi:0.4236/epe.203.54b44 Published Online July 203 (http://.scirp.org/journal/epe) Analysis of Nonlinear Characteristics of Turbine Governor and Its Impact
More informationTheoretical Developments in Group Combustion of Droplets and Sprays
Theoretical Developments in Group Combustion of Droplets and Sprays William A. Sirignano University of California, Irvine Collaborations: Guang Wu, current student; Randall Imaoka, former student, US Navy;
More informationAnalytical Approach for Predicting Effects of Vitiated Air on the Mass Loss Rate of Large Pool Fire in Confined Compartments
Analytical Approach for Predicting Effects of Vitiated Air on the Mass Loss Rate of Large Pool Fire in Confined Compartments SYLVAIN SUARD 1,, AYOUB NASR 1,2, STEPHANE MELIS 1,, JEAN-PIERRE GARO 2, HAZEM
More informationOpposed-Flow Flame Spread Over Polymeric Materials: Influence of Phase Change
Opposed-Flow Flame Spread Over Polymeric Materials: Influence of Phase Change GUANYU ZHENG, INDREK S. WICHMAN,* and ANDRÉ BÉNARD Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
More informationMultiphase CFD Model of Wildland Fire Initiation and Spread
The 5th International Fire Behavior and Fuels Conference April 11-15, 2016, Portland, Oregon, USA Multiphase CFD Model of Wildland Fire Initiation and Spread 1 Vladimir Agranat, Ph.D. President & Senior
More informationPhysical and Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer in Intumescent Thermal Protective Coatings Under Radiative Heating
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer in Intumescent Thermal Protective Coatings Under Radiative Heating To cite
More information8D.1 HIGH RESOLUTION NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DEEP MOIST CONVECTION IN STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM: BUOYANCY AND VELOCITY SCALES
8D.1 HIGH RESOLUTION NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DEEP MOIST CONVECTION IN STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM: BUOYANCY AND VELOCITY SCALES A. Parodi 1* and K. Emanuel 1 CIMA, University of Genoa, Savona, Italy Massachusetts
More informationThe peculiarities of the model: - it is allowed to use by attacker only noisy version of SG C w (n), - CO can be known exactly for attacker.
Lecture 6. SG based on noisy channels [4]. CO Detection of SG The peculiarities of the model: - it is alloed to use by attacker only noisy version of SG C (n), - CO can be knon exactly for attacker. Practical
More informationFuel ash behavior importance of melting
Fuel ash behavior importance of melting Why is ash melting important? Bed agglomeration in fluidized bed boilers Bed behavior in BL recovery boilers Deposit formation and build up Corrosion of superheaters
More informationLecture 9 Laminar Diffusion Flame Configurations
Lecture 9 Laminar Diffusion Flame Configurations 9.-1 Different Flame Geometries and Single Droplet Burning Solutions for the velocities and the mixture fraction fields for some typical laminar flame configurations.
More informationMinimizing and maximizing compressor and turbine work respectively
Minimizing and maximizing compressor and turbine ork respectively Reversible steady-flo ork In Chapter 3, Work Done during a rocess as found to be W b dv Work Done during a rocess It depends on the path
More informationCritical mass flux for flaming ignition of dead, dry wood as a function of external radiant heat flux
Critical mass flux for flaming ignition of dead, dry wood as a function of external radiant heat flux ABSTRACT Sara McAllister, Mark Finney, Jack Cohen Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory 5775 Highway 1
More informationPET467E-Analysis of Well Pressure Tests 2008 Spring/İTÜ HW No. 5 Solutions
. Onur 13.03.2008 PET467E-Analysis of Well Pressure Tests 2008 Spring/İTÜ HW No. 5 Solutions Due date: 21.03.2008 Subject: Analysis of an dradon test ith ellbore storage and skin effects by using typecurve
More informationAnalytical Solution for Adiabatic Surface Temperature (AST)
Fire Technology 2016 The Author(s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. Manufactured in The United States DOI: 10.1007/s10694-016-0585-3 Short Communication Analytical Solution
More informationAsymptotics for kink propagation in the discrete Sine-Gordon equation
Physica D 37 008 50 65.elsevier.com/locate/physd Asymptotics for kink propagation in the discrete Sine-Gordon equation L.A. Cisneros a,, A.A. Minzoni b a Graduate Program in Mathematical Sciences, Facultad
More information