Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis of Deep Foundation Pit s Seepage Under Non-Saturated Conditions
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1 Physicl nd Nmeicl Simlion of Geoechnicl Engineeing 1s Isse, Sep Flid-Solid Copling Anlysis of Deep Fondion Pi s Seepge Unde Non-Sed Condiions CHENG Wei, HE Xing School of Civil Engineeing nd Achiece, Whn Polyechnic Univesi P.R. Chin, chengwei2359@163.com ABSTRACT: The phenomenon which mico-esin seepge effecs on fondion Pi wih infll is ypiclly non-sed seepge pocess. Howeve, ndegond we seepge nd infll infilion ding he deep fondion pi s excvion nd sppo exe significn impc pon he sbiliy of engineeing iself. The hos hve given some conemeses fe modeling nd clcling of his phenomenon nd mke n explnion of poblems which confoned ding deep fondion pi s excvion nd sppo by elevn heoies. Conclde he flow ph nd velociy ond fondion pi hogh clclion nde non-sed condiions. Then i combined he pedicions nd pcicl pplicions, poposed coespondingly poecive meses. EYWORDS: Flid-solid copling, Deep fondion pi s seepge, Non-sed condiions 1 INTRODUCTION Since he elsic modls of sof gond is smll nd he inensiy of he soil iself elively low, i will be esily led o fondion pi s globl insbiliy ding is excvion nd sppo pocess. Ye ding he excvion in domesic cosl es, disposl of ndegond we nd wepoof o diphgm eining wlls emins o be impoved. Piclly infll nd is infilion ding excvion nd sppo of fondion pi. I will significnly decese he she sengh of ock nd soil, nd hen effec on he sbiliy of engineeing iself. And he effec h seepge nd defomion hve on he boom of he fondion pi will cse he boom of fondion pi swell o piping eosion [1], nd heen o he sbiliy of fondion pi. Fondion pi wih diffeen geologicl condiions hve ge diffeence of pemebiliy nd bondy condiions, hs he poe pesse of fondion pi nd effecive sess wih he cion of is poe pesse is diffeen. The inflencing fcos of fondion pi e vie sch s design deph of diphgm eining wlls nd block bo ndegond we ding he excvion nd sppo of fondion pi is vey impon. Fondion pi s excvion is menwhile sess elese pocess. Excve fondion pi fom geologicl blnce plin will chnge he sess sce of ond envionmen. In ode o void he dve effecs o he sonding podcion nd conscion fe long peiod of fondion pi s excvion, i s necessy o obseve nd expeimen of he seepge field nd sess field in ime, nd seek o is chnge lw. Becse of he ndegond we seepge effec, hee will be defomion ond fondion pi. I is sefl o conol nd melioe he poo se of fondion pi h mke flid-solid nlysis o he seepge nd sess defomion ond fondion pi. Nowdys, he min isses of domesic deep fondion pi focs on: (1 Dynmic pocess of sess elese; (2 The defomion fo seepge, pecipiion sbiliy of fondion pi. (3 Soil liqefcion fo dynmic lod, nd he neven sedimenion nde effec of lye seepge. The nlysis on he seepge field nd sess field which mico-esin seepge effecs on fondion Pi wih infll nde non-sed condiions is bsed on he nlyic clclion of coelion model. 2 THEORY ANALYZE 2.1 The mechnism of gondwe migion s impc on he sbiliy nd defomion of fondion pi Beween wo impemeble lyes, s soon s he fondion pi ws excved, confined we hve we hed. The gondwe ss o mige nde he poe pesse effec. This effec mde hydlic pesse gdlly senghen long wih he incese of fondion pi deph diecly. The we hed ws loss s well. Since he poe we pesse is lowe hn sedy we pesse in cein e o of he fondion pi, he siion in he boom of fondion pi is evese. And his csed he gondwe seepge ino he inside of he fondion pi. A he sme ime, hee will be n opposie end of we pesse nd flow wy of ndegond we beween wo sides of he wll. This will be mde n indced cse o nsble fondion h is excvion. Combined wih he flow chceisics of ndegond we, if he fondion loced in ive o lck whee conin bndn we, he flow size will be scen, nd hee shold be some ppopie emegency meses. Moeove, wih diffeen ein, he chceisic nd sengh of soil ms be diffeen, nd he impession h we seepge o he fondion sble shold be nde he pemise h doing seils of cogen nd deil expeimen peviosly. While he bsic pinciple is simil, e de o he ndegond we flow fo we hed diffeence, nd hen cse he dynmic excvion poblems of deep fondion pi. Becse of imely spplemen infll, he ndegond we level is no deemined. Wih diffeen infll inensi he qniy of ndegond we flo nge will ST. PLUM-BLOSSOM PRESS PTY LTD
2 Flid-Solid Copling Anlysis of Deep Fondion Pi s Seepge Unde Non-Sed Condiions DOI: /J. PNSGE be diffeen. And he cicmsnce h ne ive o lke e, ms be consideed independenly. When i ins cein ime fe he fondion pi hve been excve, hee will be ge impession on he ineged sppo of he fondion. I is pone o piping if we didn hve einfoce inefce h iniil sess elese o some coespondingly dinge emen of i, menwhile, conside he le of sess ding his non-sed pocess, nd he chnge of ndegond we seepge nd poe pesse h esls fom i, hee will be cein defomion long wih i in significn e. And in he pocess of ining, hee will be hin of emin infll nd seepge we in he fondion pi, nd i is he mico-esin. The seepge pocess nde fondion pi is compliced nde he mico-esin effec. 2.2 Relevn heoies of non-sed soil The elionship beween soil scion nd is sion. Becse of ock nd soil is poos medi, he ol poe pesse ms be lowe hn zeo nde non-sed condiion, nd he negive vle of he ol poe pesse eflec he soil scion. The sion of soil minins in nge fo he effec esls fom soil scion. Assignion he bsopion nd dehydion cve peviosl nd he le lw beween hese wo. The inside seepge of non-sed soil obey Dcy s lw, he solid nd liqid copling by sin nd poe pesse. The copled mhemicl eqions of sed-nsed seepge of ock nd soil e s follow fe efeenced by mliphse seepge heoy of poos medi [2,3,4] : ij, j ( Sp ij j fi 0 (1 S (2 F vk, k cp 0 ij is vlid sess; ij is konecke consn; p is poe pesse; f i is volme foce; S is he sion; ( snds fo he kk is volme sin; j deivion of he x coodine; ( snds fo he deivion of ime ; clcle eqion of c is s follow: c ns ds k dp F v k is Dcy s velociy; nd he (3 And c is soge consn; n is poosiy; modls; s is he fncion of poe pesse p ; k is blk The sengh heoy nd efeence compe eqions of non-sed soil e s follows: In 1959, Bishop poposed he sengh eqion of non-sed soil o single sess se vibles [5] : c [( ( ]n (4 In he eqion, is she sengh; c snds fo vlid cohesion; snds fo vlid inenl ficion ngle; w is poe i pesse; nd w is poe we pesse; ( w is soil scion; is consn beween 0 nd 1. b Obeg nd Sllfos poposed he she sengh foecs eqion of non-sed soil s follows [6] : c ( n ( ( S n (5 And S is he sion in his eqion Consideed non-sed condiion, he clcle eqion of pemebiliy long wih poe pesse chnge is s follows [7] : * (6 ( S s ( S S (1 S 3 3 s D seepge eqions [8] Sedy seepge eqion 1 2 p 1 F w 3/ 2 H H ( ( y Q 0 x x y y (7 x (8 Q is we flow Tnsien seepge eqion H H H ( k x ( k y c (9 x x y y x, y e pemebiliy in x nd y diecions, ni is m / s,h is ol we hed, H( x, Bondy condiions 1 We hed bondy H( x, C H0( x, (10 H ( x, is given we hed bond wih =0, 0 iniil we hed is H 0 ( x, y. 2 We flow bondy H k C q( h, x, n (11 3 SEEPAGE-STRESS ANALYSIS OF DEEP FOUNDATION PIT UNDER INFLUENCE OF MICRO-ARTESIAN 3.1 Rinfll infilion bondy condiions Mein nd Lson [9] sing infll inensiy q, he soil llowble infilion cpciy f, nd he pemebiliy P when soil is sed. When i mee he condiion: f P q s s, ll of he infll is infilion ino soil nd he cpciy is decese long wih he deph incese. 44
3 Physicl nd Nmeicl Simlion of Geoechnicl Engineeing 1s Isse, Sep Modeling nd clcling This exmple is sing 2-D finie elemen mehod o do he nmeicl clclion of fondion pi. All monio e is he seepge nge, o he flow egion of he gondwe. The boom, lef, nd igh bondy nd diphgm eining wlls bondies hve consin. Consideed he pemebiliy of soil is chnged long wih he chnge of sion, we defined se of d bsed on he following wo eqions: S s (12 c [ ( b ( ] ( Sn Si Si [ ( b ( (13 c ], s is pemebiliy when soil sed. e gs pesse nd we pesse in soil, nd, b, c,, b, c e meil coefficiens, S i is esidl sion. Sn is mximm sion. The beh of fondion pi is 3m, deph 20.32m, heigh 52.46m,sing whole beh 200m, heefoe cn conside lge nge, nd fe excvion, he diphgm eining wlls deph is 25m, hickness 0.1m, elsic modls 10.8 MP, Poisson s io 0.3, cohesion c 16P, ficion ngle 30 degee. Model in mesh s follow: Afe pmee seing, he clclion esls e s follows: Fige.1 Simplified digm of model Veicl effecive sess disibion: Fige.2 Disibion of poe pesse Hoizonl nd veicl displcemen: Fige.3 Disibion of veicl effec 45
4 Flid-Solid Copling Anlysis of Deep Fondion Pi s Seepge Unde Non-Sed Condiions DOI: /J. PNSGE Fige.4 Hoizonl displcemen Displcemen veco gph: Fige.5 Veicl displcemen Fige.6 Velociy of flow veco gph 4.1 Anlysis he nmeicl simlion of he flid-solid pocess In fige 1 nd 2, he displcemen in he boom nd ne e of he pi is compively lge, nd hydlic gdien in he boom of pi is vey lge, he soil ond he pi s o swell nd is inensify is edce fo he gviy nd sic we pesse effec. Fom he veco gph, we cn see he discepncy of velociy beween inside nd oside fondion pi e clely. As he min dinge oienion, he we pesse nd velociy of flow inside he pi is lge hn oside ny moe, menwhile, inside he pi, hee is pwd seepge. The effecive sess decese gdll nd in cein siion, i will evolve o piping Anlysis of fondion ebond nd sonding sfce sbsidence Ovell, since he feqenly flow of ndegond we, hee fomed lge e of displcemen nd defomion, nd ed snds fo posiive displcemen, ble e snds fo compehensive defomion egion in ems of ndegond we flow effec. When i effec fo peiod of ime, he sess concene in downside inefce of he wll, inside of he fondion hee e plif defomion. The clcle esl evel h he ebond flo of fondion pi elively lge, nd i deemined minly by poosiy of soil nd he elionship beween gondwe level nd he wll deph. The finie elemen nlysis of his pocess will be discoveed h he chceisic nd sion of soil will be chnge gdlly long wih he infilion degee of infll. And i will ke gdlly diffeence of ndegond we infile fee, hen he following chnge of poosiy nd pemebiliy of soil. I cn lso pedic he elive chnge end gph hoogh he clcling de h he sess nd sin chnge of fondion elemen nd node, o he vlid sess ph of node. Combine hese de, we conclded h he sess nd sin of elemen will be chnge when we give diffeen infll inensiy nd ende ime, nd he esl si o he infll infilion conclsion The finie elemen nlysis of soil sess nd sin chnge: In ems of he nlysis of de h node o elemen displcemen inenl soil, we cn conclded sess ph of evey node nd ol sin end. We cn lso obseve he ol sin in diffeen sion nd poe pesse, nd he poenil egion of iniil descion nd dvese geologicl phenomen, o see he impession e inegiy. Finie elemen mehod will be ccely clcled he de of sess nd sin of evey node nd elemen, hen doing sess nd defomion nlysis wih hese esls. Wih he sess ph h he mehod hd been clcled, we cn foecs he sin of soil nde cein foce cicmsnce. And hen foecs he genel end of soil 46
5 Physicl nd Nmeicl Simlion of Geoechnicl Engineeing 1s Isse, Sep sin. The ls pojec we ms ccomplish is h esonble pojecion he migh phenomen ding fondion pi excvion in cein cicmsnce. 4.2 Poposl o he deep fondion pi s excvion nd sppo Ge imponce shold be ched o he chnge of he gondwe seepge nd we shold void he iny seson nd mke good sppo when excve fondion pi. Mke pedicion bo seepge popey in cein peiod befoe excvion, nd seek o he bes sppo wy of his ime. Simill mke discssion bo he benefi wy o excvion in diffeen locion When he qife hickness is compively lge nd he sme s pemebili he convenionl mehod is combine sing diphgm eining wlls nd going cin, b ely sed veicl bck cove. And he going cin is good wy o block he gondwe nde he boom of fondion pi The deph h diphgm eining wlls ino ock lye shold be enogh, howeve, fo economic consideion, how o deemine he bes deph shold be bsed on echnology nd he pemebiliy of envionmen h fondion pi loce. In he boom of he fondion pi, inensiy is no necessy b we ms ense h he wepoof biliy of diphgm eining wlls is sfficien. Menwhile, we shold conside he envionmen popey ond fondion pi when i dinge. This wok shold be bsed on he mple envionmenl invesigion in ll, nd hen mke ionl disibion. 5 CONCLUSION The poblem h gondwe seepge ding he excvion nd sppo of fondion pi coninosly he key isse of fondion pi excvion. Bsed on he bndn invesigion of ond envionmen, we cn pedic he seepge field of gondwe nd is chnge lw befoe conscion hogh nmeicl clclion. I will povide vlble efeence meil o deemine he excvion mehod in ime, o choose he ionl pogm conside economicl fcos. Deep fondion pi s excvion in iny seson will fom diffeenly seepge siion. Unde we seepge effec, hee will be compise displcemen nd sedimenion in lge field, nd edce he fondion pi s sbiliy. We give he ionl nswe bo hese qesions. (1 The soil sengh is significnly elevn o is poe pesse nd pemebiliy nde he infll infilion non-sed condiion. I is benefi fo fondion pi s devise of sppo pogm nd conscion h combine wih infll siion nd foecs he dynmic chnge of ndegond we. (2 Use he pcicl compe eqion of soil nde non-sed condiion enble s mke deil nlysis of he dynmic chnge ph of sess nd sin ding infll nd filion pocess. Howeve, i need fhe esech in hese isses: Sbiliy of he fondion pi nde diffeen infll inensiy nd sbiliy in diffeen kinds of lye nd soil popeies which his ppe didn clcle. REFERENCES [1]. C.Yn, X.S.Li ec. The FEM Anlysis of deep fondion pi s sbiliy nde inflence of mico-esin, Sie Invesigion Science nd Technolog 2006, 2: 3~7 (in Chinese [2]. S. E. Cho, S. R. Lee. Insbiliy of nsed soil slopes de o infilion [J]. Compes nd Geo-echnics, 2001 (28: [3]. Fedlnd, D. G. nd H. Rhdjo. Soil mechnics fo nsed soils Ameicn Sociey of Civil Enginees, [4]. WANG Zhi-cheng, WANG Peng nd ec. Nmeicl Simlion of Unsed Soil Slope Sbiliy Copling nde Rinfll [J]. Sbgde Engineeing, 2010 (2: (In Chinese [5]. Bishop A.W. The pinciple of effecive sess[m]. Teknisk Ukebld. 1959, 106 (39: [6]. Fedlnd D.G. nd Anqing Xing. Eqions fo he soil-we chceisic cve [J]. Cndin Geoechnicl Joml. 1994, 31: [7]. A. T A Glek in/les-sqes finie elemen fomlion fo consolidion [J]. Inenionl Jonl Fo Nmeicl Mehods In Engineeing, 2001 (52: [8]. ong Xingyn. Advnced Mechnics of Flids in Poos Medi. Hefei: Univesiy of Science nd Technology of Chin Pess, 1999: 52~56 (in Chinese [9]. R.G., Mein nd C.L., Lson. Modeling infilion ding sedy in. We Resoce, Res.vol.9 NO.2 384~394, Apil
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