EM Vortex Tube as Propulsion. Theophanes E. Raptis Computation Applications Group Division of Applied Technologies NCSR DEMOKRITOS, 2015

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1 EM Vortex Tube as Propulsion Device in Scalar-Tensor Gravity Theophanes E. Raptis Computation Applications Group Division of Applied Technologies NCSR DEMOKRITOS, 2015

2 The EM Drive Idea Inventor: British Aerospace Eng. Roger Shawyer Proposed Asymmetric Waveguide DTI Fund: 1 st prototype 2002 Chinese prototype 2008, NW Polytechnic Xi an Province. NASA Skunkworks replication, 2014, Harold Sonny White

3 Critics & Solutions Apparent violation of conservation of momentum ( Reactionless Drive.) First prominent solution by Fernando Oscar Minotti, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Grav. & Cosmol. 19 (2013) 201, Scalar-tensor theories and asymmetric resonant cavities, [ Theory based on previous work by J.P. Mbelek and Lachieze-Rey.

4 Joint Work 2013 Two Table-To experiments proposed by Minotti, Raptis. Possible measurable effects of light propagating in electromagnetized vacuum, as predicted by a scalar tensor theory of gravitation., Class. Quantum Grav. 30 (2013) , [arxiv: [gr-qc]]. Transient force effects, as predicted by Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey scalar tensor theory of gravitation, [arxiv: [gr-qc]]

5 Recent alarming indications P. Jofre, A. Reisenegger, R. Fernandez, Constraining a possible time-variation of the gravitational constant through "gravitochemical heating" of neutron stars, Phys.Rev.Lett. 97 (2006) , arxiv:astro-ph/ Lorenzo Iorio, Does the Newton's gravitational constant vary sinusoidally with time? An independent test with planetary orbital motions, rxiv: [gr-qc] S. Schlamminger, J.H. Gundlach, R.D. Newman, Recent measurements of the gravitational constant as a function of time, Phys. Rev. D 91, (2015), arxiv: [grqc].

6 Possible Alternative to EMdrive Solitary Surface Waves on Controllable Materials/Metamaterials. Non-Diffracting Waves: J. N. Brittingham, Focused Wave Modes, (1983), J. Lu & Greenleaf, X-Waves (1992), I. M. Besieris, A. M. Saarawi, R. W. Ziolkowski (90s), Localized Null EM Waves. Non-Null Parallel E and B Waves :( Beltrami Modes) K. Shimoda, K. Uehara, T. Kawai, 1989, General Solutions, T. Noshiyama (2015).

7 The Hydrodynamic Connection Maxwell field as an ideal Eulerian Fluid. Haralambos Marmanis, Analogy between the Navier Stokes equations and Maxwell s equations: Application to turbulence, Phys. Fluids 10, 1428 (1998) Tsutomu Kambe, Variational formulation of an ideal fluid and fluid Maxwell equations, The Beltrami Helical Flow Connection: Arkady Kholodenko, Applications of Contact Geometry and Topology in Physics, World Sci. (2013)

8 Shimoda, Uehara and Nishiyama, apply the Beltrami Constraint directly to E or B fields ( Force-Free Condition J x B = 0) Applying it directly to the Vector Potential leads to peculiar type of localized sources travelling with the fields ( EM bullets ). A( x i vt) = λ( x λ A= A= 0 i vt) A( x i vt) Eigen-Vorticity λ appears as an additional degree of freedom for the non-homogeneous 2 nd order wave operator.

9 Possible Generalizations Is there a 4D equivalent? Pick up an arbitrary 4-vector κ ν such that a a = a µ ν ν µ κµ ν κν a µ Additional vector could be a dual such that F ( a) = ( κ) µν F µν Symmetry: ( µ κµ ) a ν = ( ν κν ) aµ One could also choose a connection such that µ aν = ν aµ

10 Two independent solutions for cylindrical and spherical systems ( x i { z, r} ). ( G( x vt) ) sin i y 1,2 =, G dx i λ cos( G( xi vt)) Localized Non-Diffractive Waves: A = 1 ( xi vt) g ( v ) Α ( c ) ~ J= c 2 t 2 ( 1 β )Α ay1± by2 ay by 1m, B ~ λa, E ~ 0 ~ Α J= 0 t t A Subluminal, luminal and superluminal versions possible. Sources vanish exactly at c.

11 Possible GRW Generator In Mbelek-Rey-Minotti scalar-tensor variety, Maxwell vacuum functions as a polarizable medium. EM Backreaction to at least one of the three gravi- scalars Gravi-scalar source term ~ B E / c. Coupling coefficient estimated near [ ].

12 Existing Technology Experiments with Superluminal Polarization Currents: A. Ardavan et al., Experimental demonstration of a new radiation mechanism: emission by an oscillating, accelerated, superluminal polarization current. arxiv:physics/ Real Experiment Data available at: Electronic Switching of polarization charges across a dielectric.

13 Time to reach the sky! Thank you!

THE CONTROLLED REFRACTIVE INDEX WARP DRIVE

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