Humidity Distributions in Multilayered Walls of High-rise Buildings
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1 Humdty Dstrbutons n Multlyered Wlls of Hh-rse Buldns Ol Gmyunov,*,Ttn Musorn nd Alender Ishkov 2 Peter the Gret St. Petersbur Polytechnc Unversty, 29 Poltechnchesky Str., St. Petersbur, 9525, Russ 2 Moscow Stte Unversty of Cvl Enneern, Yroslvskoe shosse, 26, Moscow,29337, Russ Abstrct. The lmtton of free terrtores n lre ctes s the mn reson for the ctve development of hh-rse constructon. Gven the lre-scle projects of hh-rse buldns n recent yers n Russ nd brod nd ther hue enery consumpton, one of the fundmentl prncples n the desn nd reconstructon s the use of enery-effcent technoloes. The mn het loss n buldns occurs throuh enclosn structures. However, not lwys the het-resstnt wll wll be enery-effcent nd dry t the sme tme (perhps wterlon). Temperture nd humdty dstrbutons n multlyer wlls were studed n the pper, nd the nterrelton of other thermophyscl chrcterstcs ws nlyzed. Introducton Therml nsultors re structurl elements tht reduce the het trnsfer process nd ct s the mn therml resstnce n the structure. Therml nsultors hve low therml conductvty, low strenth nd re porous med wth ncresed hyroscopcty, so the het nsultor should lternte wth stron wll. Consequently, the operblty of the constructon of multlyered wll s determned by the dstrbuton of temperture nd the dstrbuton of mosture cross the lyers. In ths rtcle we wnt to show tht even n ndependent processes of therml conductvty nd dffuson, the temperture nd humdty dstrbutons re relted: the wll temperture sets the pressure of sturted wter vpor nd thereby determnes the mosture level. Is the dry wll enery-effcent? We wll try to prove tht ths s so. Is the het-resstnt wll enery-effcent nd dry t the sme tme? We wll try to prove tht these condtons re not fulflled smultneously [-4]. 2 Mterls nd Methods To ssess the humdty of the wll, we need to know the vere wll temperture, whch determnes the vere mosture level. The vere temperture of the wll s determned by the constructon of the wll, tht s, by lterntn lyers [3,5]. The best combnton of lyers, provdn mmum of vere tempertures, s cheved wth monotonc decrese * Correspondn uthor: nyunov@nbo.ru The Authors, publshed by EDP Scences. Ths s n open ccess rtcle dstrbuted under the terms of the Cretve Commons Attrbuton Lcense 4.0 (
2 n the therml conductvty coeffcent lon the course of the het flu, tht s, cheved wth the vere temperture tht s the lest dfferent from the mmum wll temperture [0, 2-4]. Quntttve nlyss of the dstrbuton of temperture nd humdty wll be crred out on the bss of structure consstn of 0 lyers (, 0); the thckness of ech lyer s 0.05 m. The vlues of the therml conductvty coeffcents re ven by the follown condtons: 2 ( ) The temperture nsde the room (Т h) s tken s 8 о С, outsde (Т с) 0 о С. The dstrbuton of temperture cross the wll s defned s follows: δ Th T 0 λ θ, (2) N T T δ h c 0 λ - dmensonless temperture dfference; Т the temperture of the lyer. From the formul (2) t s possble to determne the temperture n the lyer : Th T θ T Th T h Tc (3) T T h c The dffuson coeffcent (D) s ven n reltve unts n the form of n rthmetc proresson wth dfference of n the rne [,2]:, D, 2,, 0 D (4) Usn equtons (5) nd (6), we fnd the reltve humdty ( ) nd the reduced reltve humdty ( ). с h h (5) () h (6) N c h The vlue of the reltve humdty nsde the room ( h) s tken equl to 50% (n ccordnce wth the vere normtve vlues). Reltve humdty outsde the room (on the D D 2
3 cold sde) ( с) s determned by the temperture-humdty reme of the r. The r cn be dry to sturton с or wterloed (wter s n wet stem stte). Then с >. From the pont of vew of the humdty reme of the wll, the second cse s dnerous. Therefore, further clcultons nd nlyss wll be crred out wth respect to the cse for с >. The vlues clculted usn formuls ( - 6) re summrzed n Tble. Tble. The vlues of thermophyscl chrcterstcs n the lternton of lyers -0. Lyer thckness, m Coeffcent of therml conductvty Temperture, о С Т The Reduced dffuson Reltve reltve coeffcen humdty humdty t Т D Results nd Dscusson For more detled nlyss of mosture dstrbutons n multlyered wlls of hh-rse buldns, we wll ddtonlly consder how the temperture, reltve humdty nd order of lternton of lyers ffect the vpor pressure (bsolute humdty). Absolute humdty (or vpor pressure) s determned by the formul: п p s.s. - pressure of sturted stem; p р s. s. The found vlues re reduced to the Tble 2. Т 00 4 (7) Tble 2. The vlues of thermophyscl chrcterstcs n the lternton of lyers -0 3
4 Lyer thckness, m Coeffcent of therml conductvt y The dffuson coeffcen t D Temperture, о С Т Stem pressure, 0-6, P р Temperture, о С Т Stem pressure, 0-6, P р For monotonclly ncresn sequence of coeffcents of therml conductvty nd dffuson, nd for n ordered lternton of lyers (from to 0), the dependence of the vpor pressure nd temperture wll hve the form (F. ). F.. Dstrbuton of vpor pressure nd temperture n multlyer structure Avere vlues of temperture nd humdty serve s representtve vlues. As nlyss of the vlues obtned wth successve permutton of lyers shows, they depend on the lternton of the trnsfer coeffcents (tht s, on the lternton of lyers). The best opton s desn n whch the vere vpor pressure (bsolute humdty) wll be less, becuse ths urntees the preservton of the therml chrcterstcs of the structure. 4
5 Lmt dstrbutons of vpor pressure lon the lyers (worst nd best) for nd 2 ( ) shown on F.2. F.2. Lmt dstrbutons of vpor pressure lon the lyers (worst nd best) for nd 2 ( ) The best desn from the pont of vew of mosture dstrbutons wll be cheved by, s well s lterntn lyers lterntn the lyers (,2,..., 9,0) for (9,0,,2,..., 7,8) for 2 ( ). In ths cse, the dffuson coeffcent vres lon the lyers, ncresn monotonclly from to.9 n steps of. At the sme tme, bsolute humdty nturlly decreses wth decresn wll temperture. Enery effcency requrements s the low therml conductvty nd, consequently, low vere lyer tempertures. In ths cse, the bsolute humdty decreses wth the sme vlue of reltve humdty. Smply put, n enery-effcent wll s drer thn wll wth hh therml stblty nd hh vere temperture, ledn to hh bsolute mosture content of the lyers. The mosture stte of the enclosn structures, ncludn hh-rse buldns, determnes ther het-sheldn nd sntry-hyenc qultes, hs snfcnt effect on the durblty of the structure s whole. The reducton n the het-sheldn propertes of the enclosn structures durn ther wettn s ssocted wth n ncrese n the therml conductvty of mostened mterls, tht s, decrese n the resstnce to het trnsfer of the entre structure. The ncrese n the therml conductvty of mterls occurs due to replcement of r n the pore spce wth wter, the therml conductvty of whch s much hher thn the therml conductvty of the r. To keep the het n the room, t s necessry to hve coeffcent of therml resstnce not less thn the requred,.e. the normtve vlue of the reduced resstnce to het trnsfer should be tken t lest normlzed vlues. To fulfll ths requrement, mult-lyer wll structures wth het nsultors re necessry. Hvn sequence of n-lyers wth dfferent coeffcents of therml conductvty nd dffuson, we cn construct 2n! Combntons of lyers. It s qute obvous tht lterntn lyers by even trnspostons, we hve 2n-combntons of lyers, of whch for smll n (for 5
6 emple, 4, 5,...), t s esy to choose the best combnton tht ensures low humdty whle mntnn therml resstnce. Ths ws done. The best optons re shown n F.2. These optons smultneously demonstrte mnmum bsolute humdty nd hh therml resstnce. 4 Conclusons Enery effcency requrements re low coeffcents of therml conductvty nd, s consequence, low men lyer tempertures. In ths cse, the bsolute humdty decreses wth the sme vlue of reltve humdty. Smply put, n enery-effcent wll wll be drer thn wll wth hh therml stblty nd hh vere temperture, ledn to hh bsolute mosture content of the lyers. The rtcle showed tht even n ndependent processes of therml conductvty nd dffuson, the temperture nd humdty dstrbutons re relted: the wll temperture sets the sturted vpor pressure of wter nd thereby determnes the mosture level. It s shown tht the enery-effcent s dry wll. In ths cse, the het-resstnt wll s not both enery-effcent nd "dry" t the sme tme. References. D. D. Zborov, M. I. Kukolev, T. A. Musorn, M. R. Petrchenko St. Petersbur Stte Polytechncl Unversty Journl 4, (206). 2. D. D. Zborov, T. A. Musorn, M. R. Petrchenko St. Petersbur Stte Polytechncl Unversty Journl (23), 8-26 (207). 3. D. Zborov, M. Petrochenko, et l, MATEC Web of Conferences 73, 2-7 (206). 4. M. Petrchenko N. Vtn, D. Nemov, N. Khrkov, A. Korsun Appled Mech. nd Mt , (204). 5. M. Petrchenko, A. Ostrov, E. Sttsenko Appled Mech.nd Mt , (205). 6. M. Petrchenko, N. Vtn, D. Nemov, N. Khrkov, A. Strtcyn Appled Mech. nd Mt. 627, (204). 7. M. Petrchenko, N. Vtn, D. Nemov, V. Olshevsky Appled Mech. nd Mt , (205). 8. M. R. Petrchenko Emples of fundmentl nd ppled reserch XXV Interntonl Scentfc nd Prctcl Conference (206). 9. M. V. Petrochenko, K. I. Strelets, M. R. Petrchenko, E. B. Yvtushenko Appled Mech.nd Mt , (204). 0. M.R. Petrchenko, N.S. Khrkov St. P. Stte Polytechncl U. Journl 63, (2008).. V. Murul, MATEC Web of Conferences, 06, (207) DO- 05/mtecconf/ A. Gorshkov, V. Murul, Advnces n Intellent Systems nd Computn, 692, (208) DO - 007/ _6 3. V. Pukhkl, V. Murul, IOP Conference Seres: Erth nd Envronmentl Scence, 90, 022 (207) DO - 088/755-35/90// V. Murul, MATEC Web of Conferences, 73, 0200 (206) DO- 05/mtecconf/
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