Available online at Physics Procedia 20 (2011) Space, Propulsion & Energy Sciences International Forum

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1 Avalabl onln a Physs Poda 0 (011) Spa, Populson & Engy Sns Innaonal Foum Th Flow of Engy F. Zndas a*, G. A. Robson b a Rgsd Pofssonal Engn n h sa of Pnnsylvana, Johnsown, PA 1590 b Insu fo Advand Suds n h Spa, Populson & Engy Sns, 5 Ia Ann, Madson, AL Absa In hs pap, h flow of ngy n maals s psnd as mhanal wavs wh a dsn vloy o spd of anson. Ths spd of anson am abou hough h obsvaons of old fuson xpmns,.., Low Engy Nula Raons (LENR) and suponduo gavy xpmns, boh assumd spulav by mansam sn. In onsdaon of suponduo junons, h LENR xpmns hav a smla spd of anson, whh sms o mply ha h aons n h LENR xpmn a ds quanzd aons (ngy - bus vs. onnuous). H an amp s mad o quanfy hs nw ondon as appls o lons; owad h pogsson of quanzd ngy flows (ds ngy bus) as a nw sou of lan ngy and fo mhansms (., populson). 011 Publshd by by Elsv Elsv B.V. B.V. Slon Slon and/o and/o p-vw p-vw und sponsbly und sponsbly of Insu of fo Insu Advand fo suds Advand n Spa, Suds Populson n h Spa, and Engy Populson Sns and Engy Sns PACS: 3.30, 33.0 Kywods: Phoon; Engy; Low Lvl Nula Raons Quanum; Plank onsan; Suponduos; Gavaonal Anomaly 1. Inoduon Mhanal wavs a a loal osllaon of maal; wh 1) Only h ngy popagas; ) Th osllang maal dos no mov fa fom s nal qulbum poson; and 3) Th wav avls by jumpng fom on pal of h mdum o anoh. Thfo; mhanal wavs anspo ngy and no maal. Howv; a mhanal wav qus an nal ngy npu o b ad. Bu on h nal ngy s addd; h wav wll avl hough h mdum unl all h ngy has bn ansfd. Rn obsvaon of h spd of anson (a masu of h flow of ngy) whn spulav xpmns sms o nda a mhanal wav whn h aom nulus ha s ds o quanzd. Ths lads o h poposal of a nw quanum ondon; wh Plank s onsan mgs as a ondon *Cospondng auho. Tl.: ; fax: E-mal addss: fzndas@aol.om Publshd by Elsv B.V. Slon and/o p-vw und sponsbly of Insu fo Advand suds n Spa, Populson and Engy Sns do:10.101/j.phpo

2 458 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) on h spd of h lon wav whn h lon suu of h aom. Whby; h spd of a ansvs lon wav quals h spd of a longudnal mhanal wav whn h nula suu. Nomnlau =. 818 x (h lassal adus of h lon (ms)) 0 f = 1. 3 x 10 (h Compon fquny (Hz)) F max = (h lal hag fo maxmum (Nwons)) 31 m = x 10 (h mass of h lon (kg)) h = n = V = x x (h adus of h hydogn aom (ms)) (h nula Fm spang (ms)) x 10 (h ansonal vloy (ms/sond)) Howv fo nw phnomna o ou; h ngy poung h mhanal wav nds o b ds (quanum) bus vsa a (lassal) onnuous msson; hof. Whby; h hgh ngy flow mus ou n on bus; whou boun; and whou dsoyng h sysm. Ths pap s an amp o quanfy hs nw quanum ondon as appls gnally o lons.. Nw Obsvaonal Spd Of Mhanal Wavs Two xpmns sm o hav smlas n h spd of anson; h Low Engy Nula Raons (LENR) [1] and suponduo gavy xpmns [; 3]; boh assumd spulav by mansam sn. Th LENR xpmn s dsussd n h followng o sablsh h quaon fo h spd of anson followd by a bf mnonng on h suponduo gavy xpmns wh an analyss gvn la n h pap..1. Low Engy Nula Raons Thmal ngy; nula ansmuaons (o nlud ansmuaon of havy lmns); and a fw hgh ngy pals hav podly bn podud dung old fuson xpmns;..; Low Engy Nula Raons (LENR); o nlud h pod ansmuaon of havy lmns [4]. Aodng o onmpoay hoy [5]; havy lmn ansmuaons an only pogss a ngs n h mllons of lon vols. Howv; h avalabl ngy a oom mpau s only a faon of an lon vol. Whby; hs xpmnal suls do no f whn h onfn of h onmpoay hoal onsus; bng wdly zd on hs bass. Fuh; LENR xpmns [] hav podud vy ll; f no; adaon; anoh sou of onnon. Howv s suggsd ha nula aons an pod whou podung adaon und a ondon wh h ang of h nula spn-ob fo s xnds hough h oulomb ba. Whby; h poss of old fuson may qu a adal suung of h ang and sngh of h naual fos. Th ondon of h av nula nvonmn povds som lus. 8 Low lvl nula aons pod n h doman of h aons N ~ 50 nm.., 5 10 m ; wh h s a posv hmal offn of fquny f o angula fquny N N f N ~ 10 o 10 Hz. Th podu NNfNN hn mpls a spd V of anson on h od of ~ 10 m s. Tha s; a

3 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) ansonal spd f n x x V nxx n n (1) wh h hmal fquny f N xpssd as a faon n of h Compon fquny f. Nong 0 ha fo f Hz and x N wh nx n ; h spd of anson V m s. Equaon (1) hn dfns h spd of h mhanal wav whn h dssolvd duum of h low lvl nula aons wh sp o ds dsans n x x and pal wavlnghs n ; wh 8 wh x N ~ m h ao nx n s of h od of 10 ; ndang ha n nx n hs nula aons. 1 In lassal mhan; V ; suh ha; n x x n o nx n. Tha s; lassally h aon ang x s dfnd by a gvn maal and h wavlngh by h pal n moon hough h maal. H s posulad ha whn h pal wavlngh n boms ds (quanzd); so mus h aon ang n. x x Whby; ngy flow also boms ds (quanzd);..; ngy bus vs. onnuous flow; whh ould podu hgh ngy flow fo bf pods han nomally sn n lassal sysms; ladng o nw phnomnon of sudy. 3. Suponduo Analogy Fo xampl; suponduos a ds (quanzd) lon sysms. Suponduo Josphson 9 junons o lays xsd on od of a fw nm J ~ 10 m. Robson [7] ndaons ha h 14 suponduo lon pa fluuaon m s ~ 10 s ; whh mpls (und nomal ondons) a 14 maxmum lon angula fquny ~ 10 Hz o lon fluuaon fquny 14 f ~ 10 Hz. Whby; h podu JJ f mpls a spd V of anson (..; h spaaon spd qud o las h lon pang ngy n od o oss h junon) on h od of ~ 10 m s. Fuh; L and To [8] and To and L [9] publshd alulaons of h popagaon bhavo of gavaonal wavs nsd a suponduo (SC). Thy lamd ha h phas vloy of gavaonal wavs n any SC maal would b ~ 10 m s. Tha s; h spd of gavaonal ngy hough h suponduo s h ansonal spd as dfnd by quaon (1) Suponduo Gavaonal Anomaly In h aly 1990 s; a am lad by Podklnov [; 3] usng a wo lay hgh T supondung dsk; podly podud a song gavaonal anomaly; whh dos no appa o f whn h onmpoay snf onsu h gnaon of a song loal gavaonal fld sms o vola h onsvaon laws. 3.. Summay Th smlay n h spd of anson o h suponduo would sm o mply ha h aons (ngy bus) n h LENR xpmns w ds and on h od of lon pang ngy. Fuh; h mplaons of h wo spulav (LENR & Gavy Anomaly) xpmns appa o pla a mnmum vloy wh sp o dsan and m fom whh f ngy (..; vauum ngy; 9 dak ngy o.) an b pulld fom h subaom sal ( ~ 10 m ) naons. Ths nw undsandngs of h pogsson of an ngy flow may lad o nw sous of lan ngy and fo

4 40 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) mhansms (.; populson). 4. Th Spd of a Mhanal Wav whn h Nulus Ponal ngy s gvn as E 1 K. () x By lng h lon las onsan K mg fom h maxmum lon fo F max 9. 1 N bwn h dsbuon of lons a an avag dsan x bng of los poxmy o h nulus; s an bom ds and gvn as wh n lassal sysms nx 1. Now by nong ha; h lon las onsan K F max ; (3) n x x K quals ha of h song nula fo a pons wh h xpansv lomagn fo balans h ompssv song nula fo and xpllng h lal fo o h umfn of h nulus; h ds spd V of anson boms a podu of h fquny of a hamon osllao and a dsplamn;.; V n K m ; (4) wh ndas a gvn pal of mass m and wavlngh [n lassal sysms n 1 ] Fo lassal nuon wh mass mn kg ; adus x n 1.3 x 10 m and n nx nn 1 ; hn quaons (3) and (4) an b ombnd o yld spd of a mhanal wav whn h nulus as 1 F max V n. m s n mn ; (5) a podu of h hamon moon of h nuons a a dsplamn qual o h Fm spang nuons adus]. 5. Elon Spd Of Tanson n [h Equaons (1) and (5) mply ha h ngy n an aom mgs as a lassal aff of a ondon wh h spd of lgh whn h lon suu of h aom quals h spd of a mhanal wav whn s nula suu; wh h qualzaon of vlos algns h mpdan of h nang sas. Ths mpdan mah allows ngy o b xhangd; whou flon; and h quanum anson o pogss. Mods of dffng mpdan a vansn and blok h flow of ngy. Suh ha; fom h phoo-l ff; h spd of quanum anson of an md phoon of fquny f an b gvn as V f ; ()

5 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) wh h ngy of a phoon mgs fom h naon on h ansonal wavlngh o podu an lal hag of wavlngh. Th smulanous mgn of boh h phoon s fquny and lon ngy s fundamnal o Boh s pnpl of omplmnay; onlng h dualy of pals and wavs. Whn dalng wh lon ponal ngy; apaan mus fs b dfnd as a funon of h gomy. By lng h aa swp ou by a lgh wav qual o s wavlngh squad and sng h dsan bwn h paks n h wav s amplud qual o on half wavlngh; h apaan xpnd by suh a yl of lgh s gvn as C. (7) Th duon of quaon (7) xpsss h gomy of h ansonal quanum sa n ms of s lal apaan as o 1 C. (8) Combnng quaons () and (8) xpsss h apaan of h ansonal quanum sa n ms of s fquny as o V C o. (9) f Th ngy of lon hags s xpssd n ms of s apaan as 1 Q E C ; (10) whh whn ombnd wh quaon (9) gvs h phoo-l ngy as Q f E. (11) 4o V Now sn h phool ngy laonshp o h l hag s gv by E hf f ; (1) whby; ombng quaons (11) and (1) gvs phoo-l spd of anson Q Q V m s 4h o 8 o (13) 19 fo a sngl hag Q C ; showng ha h Plank onsan mgs as a ondon on h spd of anson of lons n a bulk mass.. Elon Obal Radus I s poposd h ha h quanum suu of h aom s sablshd a pons of ng assbly. Ths pons; of mahng mpdan; a qualfd by sng h spd V of a mhanal wav n h nula nvonmn qual o h spd of lgh whn h lon suu; w

6 4 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) V o nxb. (14) 11 wh B ms h boh adus. Tha s; h podu of h lon s angula fquny and s obal adus o n x B. Now by lng and n n ; h lon spd of anson an b gvn fom quaon (4) as V n K. (15) m Combnng quaons (3) and (15) hn gvs h spd of anson as n F (1) max V. m s n x B m wh h valu nfs h lassal spd of anson wh n n 1. Equaon (1) hn ylds F n max p F max p o B B h M V M V n n n As was hn nod ha x. (17) F max p m h ; (18) M V wh h s h gound sa adus of h hydogn aom. Whby; h lon obal adus o s a squa mulpl of h numb n of lons ms h gound sa adus h of h hydogn aom. 7. Th Classal Dbogl Wav And Th Tansonal Fquny D Bogl [10] suggsd ha h ma wav naually mgs; fom h supposon of h Compon wav and s Doppl shfd fon; gvn by v f () snfsnf1. (19) H w l v f 1 f (0) and pla h Compon fquny wh s onmpoay valu of h Compon fquny o yld m m v 1 ; (1) wh v s h paula mass vloy. Equaon (1) an b fuh ddud o yld. () mv

7 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) Ths sul mpls ha h dbogl wav of ma b gvn as d. (3) mv Combnng quaon (3) wh quaon () ylds h spd of anson as f V. (4) mv Equaon (4) spfally appls fo h lons of mass m m ; suh ha; whn h mhanal wav quals h lon wav; h paula vloy v s qual o h phoo-l spd of anson; quaon (13). Combnng quaons (13) and (4) fo h lon; wh Q and f f; hn gvs V 4 o f; (5) m wh quaon (5) an b appld o any lon ansonal sa and sablshs h basln fquny ndd o oban h anson spd; wh f m V; () o 4 15 Whh fo V m s ; f Hz ; whh s of h ang of h LENR; bu abou w ha of h gavaonal anomaly xpmns Suponduo Analogy Fo h lon pa ( n ); h fquny h ansonal spd V x f nx wh quaons (5); ylds. Combnng hs J 4 o ; (7) m h junon spang qud fo a anson spd of V ~ 10 m s. Thn fo C J s ; As /V m and m = kg ; quaon (7) ylds 9 x m ; whh s h ballpak sma fo h Josphson junon gap dsan n ; suponduos;..; h ang of ang of lon pa ngy anson. 8. Conluson Th onp of a spd of anson was psnd. Indaons a ha a spds of ansons a o ga han ~ 10 m s nw phnomna an ou. Th smlay n h spd of anson bwn h spulav Low Engy Nula Raons (LENR) and Gavy Anomaly xpmns appa o pla a mnmum vloy wh sp o dsan and m fom whh f ngy (..; vauum ngy; dak 9 ngy o.) an b pulld fom h subaom sal ( ~ 10 m) naons. Ths nw undsandngs of h pogsson of an ngy flow may lad o nw sous of lan ngy and fo mhansms (.;

8 44 F. Zndas and G.A. Robson / Physs Poda 0 (011) populson). Rfns 1. Kamua; A.; Nohm; T.; Sasak; Y.; Takahash; A.; So; R. and Fuja; Y.; Anomalous Effs n Chagng of Pd Powds Wh Hgh Dnsy Hydogn Isoops; Physs Ls A (35): Podklnov E. and Nmnn; R.; A Possbly of Gavaonal Fo Shldng by Bulk YBaCu307-x Suponduo; Physa C : Podklnov; E. and Modans; G.; Invsgaon of Hgh Volag Dshags n Low Pssu Gass hough Lag Cam Supondung Elods; Jounal of Low Tmpau Physs (3/4):3. 4. Mly; G. and Pason; J. A.; Nula ansmuaons n hn-flm nkl oangs undgong lolyss; J. of Nw Engy 1997 p Lawson; J. D.; Som Ca fo a Pow Podung Thmonula Rao; Podngs of h Physal Soy B :.. Mos-Boss; P. A.; Szpak; S.; Godon; F. E. and Fosly; L. P. G.; Us of CR-39 n Pd/D o-dposon xpmns; Eu. Phys. J. Appl. Phys : Robson; G. A.; Quanum Effs n h Typ II Suponduo ha Lad o Pow Radad n Gavaonal Wavs; o b n h book Gavy-Suponduos Inaon: Thoy and Expmn 010; Bnham - books; Bnham Sn Publshs; (plannd las n 011). 8. L; N. and To; D. G.; Gavaonal ffs on h Magn Anuaon of Suponduos; Physal Rvw B 199 4(9). 9. To; D. G. and L; N.; Gavol-El Couplng va Suponduvy; Found. Phys. Ls : d Bogl; L.; Rhhs su la héo ds quana (Rsahs on h quanum hoy); Thss; Pas; 194.