The situation, approximately 14 billion years before right now: BANG
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- Virgil Garrison
- 5 years ago
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1 Th situatio, aroximatly 14 billio yars bfor right ow: BANG
2 Th, shortly thraftr: = lctro = roto = utro = atilctro = atiroto = atiutro
3 Th, th uivrs xadd ad coold:
4 Th, Tru Lov! Each articl fids its soul mat.
5 Marrid lif is assioat, but short.
6 Marrid lif is assioat, but short.
7 Marrid lif is assioat, but short. Nothig is lft but a uls of light.
8 I th mass cosmic wddig, thr was sombody for vryo. POP OP!
9 I th mass cosmic wddig, thr was sombody for vryo. Exct for a vry small umbr of loly, lft-ovr articls, that obody watd! POP OP!
10 I th mass cosmic wddig, thr was sombody for vryo. Exct for a vry small umbr of loly, lft-ovr articls, that obody watd! POP OP!
11 Qustio: Who ar ths fial, fw, loly articls that o o watd? POP OP!
12 Qustio: Who ar ths fial, fw, loly articls that o o watd? Aswr: Thy ar you. POP OP!
13 Qustio: Why, right aftr th Big Bag, was thr just a tiy bit mor mattr tha atimattr? (How is it w ca xist, today?) POP OP!
14 Qustio: Why, right aftr th Big Bag, was thr just a tiy bit mor mattr tha atimattr? (How is it w ca xist, today?) Aswr: Physicists do t kow! But w ar tryig to udrstad. OP! POP
15 What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago?
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18 What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris:
19 What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris 1.lctros act just lik atilctros.
20 What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris 1.lctros act just lik atilctros. 2.lctros ad othr articls look th sam i th mirror:
21 What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris 1.lctros act just lik atilctros. 2.lctros ad othr articls look th sam i th mirror:
22 What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris 1.lctros act just lik atilctros. 2.lctros ad othr articls look th sam i th mirror: 3. Particls look sam if you ru th movi backwards.
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24 I atur, w s a lot of symmtry. thigs look th sam i th mirror. thigs look sam wh tim rus backwards. (littl thigs.) mattr is sam as atimattr this is a littl hard to xlai: ths diffrt symmtris ar coctd by thortical cosidratios.
25 Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m -
26 Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m It sis. s -
27 Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m It sis. It has a magtic orth ol ad south ol. N s - B S
28 Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m It sis. It has a magtic orth ol ad south ol. Symmtry Qustio: orth ad south ol th sam? N s - S B
29 North Pol, Earth South Pol, Earth
30 Mt Mr. Elctro. N - S
31 Mt Mr. Elctro. N S
32 Mt Mr. Elctro. N E lctro Elctric Diol Momt (EDM)? S
33 Mt Mr. Elctro. lctro Elctric Diol Momt (EDM)? EDM looks lik offst btw ctr of mass ad ctr of charg!
34 Mass d Charg d < cm
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36 A xtra thickss of lctric charg o orth ol, i roortio to th siz of th arth, thickss of a virus. If th lctro has a asymmtry of this tiy siz, a vry small lctric diol momt, that would b a vry imortat fossil, a big clu to hl xlai th mor imortat asymmtry, th asymmtry that asks why ar w hr?
37 Masurig lctro EDM usig molcular ios JILA EDM collaboratio
38 Kvi Cossl (ow Dr.) Matt Grau Laura Siclair Huaqia Loh Dr. Kag-Ku Ni (ow Prof.) Will Caircross Da Grsh Yiqi Ni Prof. Ju Y Prof. Eric Corll Bob Fild Joh Boh Ed Myr Chris Gr Jia Wag St Ptrsbrg Thory Thaks: NSF/PFC, NIST, ad Marsico Foudatio
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40 A xtra thickss of lctric charg o orth ol, i roortio to th siz of th arth, thickss of a virus. How to masur somthig so vry small?
41 #1 Rul of xrimtal hysics: if you wat to masur somthig vry carfully, chag th thig you wat to masur ito a frqucy, ad masur that!
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46 gravity!
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48 This is a vry good way to masur gravity. If it gts v a vry small amout strogr gravity! or wakr, th clock will tick a littl fastr or a littl slowr. Physicists ca masur chags i clock as small as o art i 1,000,000,000,000,000 (10-15 )
49 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? N N A comass. S S
50 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S N S N
51 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S N S N
52 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S N S N
53 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S N S N
54 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S N S N
55 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S If our littl magt is wak, it wiggls slowly (low frqucy), if it is strog, it wiggls quickly (high frqucy). Masur th frqucy masur th magt! N S N
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57 Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S Th roto (isid your body, isid th NMR scar) is a vry small magt. To mak th roto wiggl strogly w d th biggst lab magt ossibl. N S a roto isid atit s body. N
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59 Ex #3: Forgt about roto! Forgt about magt! What about lctro lctric diol momt? S A comass. N S N
60 Ex #3: Forgt about roto! Forgt about magt! What about lctro lctric diol momt? S A comass A lctro with, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) N
61 Ex #3: Forgt about roto! Forgt about magt! What about lctro lctric diol momt? A comass A lctro with, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM)
62 A comass If lctro EDM xists at all, it is vry small. W must aly a VERY larg lctric fild. Two roblms! - +- A lctro with, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM)
63 If lctro EDM xists at all, it is vry small. W must aly a VERY larg lctric fild. Two roblms! Problm 1: Lightig! Sark! (If lctric fild is too big.)
64 If lctro EDM xists at all, it is vry small. W must aly a VERY larg lctric fild. Two roblms! Problm 2: Elctro gts ulld away by lctric fild
65 Q: Whr i atur ca w fid a REALLY STRONG lctric fild?
66 Q: Whr i atur ca w fid a REALLY STRONG lctric fild? A: Isid a molcul! Examl: NaCl (Sodium Chlorid). Plai salt. Na + Cl -
67 Q: Whr i atur ca w fid a REALLY STRONG lctric fild? A: Isid a molcul! Examl: NaCl (Sodium Chlorid). Plai salt. Na + Cl - Hf ++ Fl- W us HfF + Hafium Fluorid lus
68 Big lctric fild is good it hls lctro wiggl fastr! What ls do w d to comar tim rally wll? Hf ++ Fl W us HfF + Hafium Fluorid lus
69 Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick
70 Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick
71 Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Lt s cout for o hour. #1: # Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick
72 Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Lt s cout for o hour. #1: # Wow. Thy ar rally th sam. Lt s cout for o day: #1: #2:
73 Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Lt s cout for o hour. #1: # Wow. Thy ar rally th sam. Lt s cout for o day: #1: #2: Aha. Gradfathr #2 is a littl bit fastr! But w had to watch thm for a log tim, to kow.
74 I ordr to list to th lctro tick for a log tim, w k th molcul, HfF +, i a io tra.
75 A box to k ios i so w ca masur thm a log tim. A io tra.
76 Lasrs Exrimt Lasrs Lasrs
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78 Sca-ramsy : S= 47mHz/hr -1/ V/cm, B Hall= V, E = 6 V/cm, ur doublt, i/2 duratio = 1.07 ms, π / Dltio Cotrast f: (27) Hz; φ: (2π)0.4898(85); offst: (71); Cotrast: 0.613(38); τ: 860( T (ms)
79 Q #1: How to w mak th lctro, i th molcul, tick? Q #2: How do w list to it tick? A: W us lasrs.
80 SF 6 +N - - +/- +/- Hf May scis, ic. utral HfF May isotos, may v, may J may F, may Ma occ. ~1/ Ifrard Lasr #0 -/ /+ +/- +/-
81 Rydbrg HfF, *~15, v=1 N=0,l=2,l+s=3/2,J=3/2 HfF + 1 Σ + v=1 May scis, ic. utral HfF May isotos, may v, may J may F, may Ma occ. ~1/1000 uv lasr #2 1 Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 30% N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2, ma occ. =15% utral 180 HfF Ω=1/2 J=1/2 Sigl itral quatum lvl. uv lasr #1
82 N A comass _ S- N+ A lctro with, North ol, south ol ad, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) S
83 N A comass _ S- N+ A lctro with, North ol, south ol ad, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) S
84 (f u (B) f u (-B)) (f l (B) f l (-B)) = 0.34(33) Hz Ur Doublt Lowr Doublt A rcisio masurmt of th lctro EDM usig trad molcular ios 84
85 Ssitivity Estimat d < 2E ff h τ N N = 4 ios/shot (~10 6 couts/day) E ff = 5x10 10 V/cm τ = 0.4 scod roj. ssitivity: d ~ *cm with 1 day of data So far, all masurmts ar cosistt with zro. Th most accurat so far is th Harvard/Yal grou, our comtitio, who s that it must b smallr tha *cm. W ho to ass thm, soo!
86 Systmatics How to mak sur you r actually masurig somthig
87 Systmatic Error Rjctio. Ky Chos. Cho: B E E/E ff v Othr Tl bam Y Y N Y YbF bam Y Y N N* PbO vaor cll Y Y Y N* trad Cs Y Y N Tra Cs foutai Y Y N N ThO bam Y Y Y N* Trad MF+ Y N Y Rotatio ss
88 Systmatic Error Rjctio. Ky Chos. Cho: B E E/E ff v Othr Tl bam Y Y N Y W v got th chos, ad: Ky fact: ν scic is iddt of magitud of E, B, ad ω rot. Also should b iddt of strgth of io tra cofimt, T, ad io. YbF bam Y Y N N* PbO vaor cll Y Y Y N* trad Cs Y Y N Tra Cs foutai Y Y N N PbF bam Y Y N N* Trad MF+ Y N Y Y* Rotatio ss
89 Systmatics bottom li: W hav t thought of a killr systmatic at th lvl yt. W will hav a umbr of owrful tchiqus for smokig out ufors os.
90 Systmatics bottom li: W hav t thought of a killr systmatic at th lvl yt. W will hav a umbr of owrful tchiqus for smokig out ufors os. I th d, w v got to try it, bcaus w ar fossil hutrs
91 Systmatics bottom li: W hav t thought of a killr systmatic at th lvl yt. W will hav a umbr of owrful tchiqus for smokig out ufors os. I th d, w v got to try it, bcaus w ar fossil hutrs ad hutrs got to hut.
92 180 HfF +1,3 Π Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,
93 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr # Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,
94 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 1 Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,
95 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 1 Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,
96 Liar Paul tra. V z ω z /2π=800 Hz 15 cm V z
97 Liar Paul tra. Liar quadruol Paul tra. V z -V rf V rf =A rf cos ω rf t ω z /2π=800 Hz +V rf +V rf 15 cm +V rf +V rf ω rf /2π~ 50 khz -V rf ω x /2π~ω y /2π~ 3 khz V z
98 Liar Paul tra. Liar quadruol Paul tra. V z -V rf V rf =A rf cos ω rf t ω z /2π=800 Hz +V rf +V rf 15 cm +V rf +V rf ω rf /2π~ 50 khz -V rf ω x /2π~ω y /2π~ 3 khz V z Liar quadruol Paul tra, with rotatig lctric bias fild φ = 300 o V rot =A rot cos ω rot + φ φ = 240 o φ = 0 o ω rot /2π~ 200 khz φ = 180 o φ = 120 o φ = 60 o E rot ~ 20 V/cm r rot ~ 0.5 mm
99 Liar Paul tra. Liar quadruol Paul tra. V z -V rf V rf =A rf cos ω rf t ω z /2π=800 Hz +V rf +V rf 15 cm +V rf +V rf ω rf /2π~ 50 khz -V rf ω x /2π~ω y /2π~ 3 khz V z Liar quadruol Paul tra, with rotatig lctric bias fild φ = 300 o V rot =A rot cos ω rot + φ φ = 240 o φ = 0 o φ = 180 o φ = 120 o φ = 60 o ω rot /2π~ 200 khz E rot ~ 20 V/cm..ad with a magtic gradit fild to rovid bias. Trasitio frq. is immu to uiform dc B-filds: o mu-mtal shildig cssary! r rot ~ 0.5 mm
100 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 1 Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,
101 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 1 Σ HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,
102 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0
103 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0
104 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0
105 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0
106 180 HfF +1,3 Π 0??
107 180 HfF +1,3 UΠ 0 γ Dtct LIF? 3 1? HfF + ir lasr #2 uv lasr #4 180 HfF + Ω=0 J=0 uv lasr #3 r Hf-F -/+ Hf + + F Io cout (arb.) Io cout (arb.) +/- +/- HfF +? Hf +? +/- +/- -/+ Arrival tim (us) Arrival tim (us)
108 Q: What about systmatic rrors?
109 Cohrt trasfr difficulty: larg dolr width 986 m Ω 12 Ω m 3 1 J = 1 W u = 2g F µ B B + d ε ff W l = 2g F µ B B - d ε ff m J =
110 Rthikig Io Tra Loadig Crat r-olarizd saml of ios via 2 hoto rocss 1064 m ablatio uls dflctio lat 2 hoto ioizatio uls valv skimmr + + V DC V DC V cos( ωt) RF -VRFcos( ωt) V DC V DC V DC -VRFcos( ωt) V DC ~ 100 sig H + 1% SF 6 Hf rod + + V DC Total lgth ~1.5 m VRFcos( ωt) V DC microchal lat Not to Scal
(Reference: sections in Silberberg 5 th ed.)
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