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1 !" #$ %& (Capsicum annuum L.) (3) (2) (1) ( + ( #"& ") *" ( ' (5) (4) / ",-. 0+ Top ) #7 & 56- $ "-) 4-) * 10-7& F 1 >- 19.8$9 :9 "9 ;*& ' <=-" "* 7& (Cross.&& 9 A B '&.&& 9 )?8- #$ %& C A(# "?8- #/3&*2?8- -) &-B A(#/3&*2?8- '& HAK 6 N 2 AK 6 X 1-1 AK 6 K 1 ) &G F) * #.3+ D 6 -/. F ' I "*- ".8$9 :9 ' <=-" "* - (V C 10 AC /* AC ; AC.; %70 ') %& *& '8L * :+&-2 M$ C A#K" "& ) #C "& ) '. #/3&*2?8- -)&-B %7050 " %& & -". N6 9 %32 '&!+- A B '&.&& 9 (# "?8- M$ O- A#C "& "/) #K" "& ) ' I (#/3&*2?8- '&.&&. N6 *& *.8$) & ) ( ) :& /.! " (. $%" & '( ) * ' * (4)., & '( ) +, * *.* A,!, () '( &!, & - (2) (1) (3) (5) 355

2 .... /& 0! " /,- #"& ") Heterosis and Heritability in Some F 1 Hybrid of Pepper (Capsicum annuum l..) L. Alloun (1) ; B. Abu Trabbi (2) ; K. Al Mohammed (3) ; M. J. Hamandoush (4) and A. R. Kalhout (5) ABSTRACT Ten local varieties of pepper crossed with five introduced varieties in top cross fashion to estimate heterosis, heterobeltiosis of 19 F 1 hybrid and heritability were evaluated for earliness, and yield of plant, fruit traits during Hybrids (K 1 K 6 AX 1-1 K 6 AN 2 K 6 AH V) showed highest heterobeltiosis for most traits were study. Heritability was more than 70% for: fruit length and width, weight of 10 fruits, this lead to that the effect of genetic conditions more than environmental conditions and the selection is the better method to improve them, but heritability was between 50-70% for Yield per plant in biological and physiological mature and for number of days from planting to Flowering, and was less than 32% for number of days from planting to physiological mature, this lead to that the effect of environmental conditions more than genetic condition and the hybridization is the better method to improve them.. Key Ward: Capsicum annuum, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Heritability. (1),(2) Dept., of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria. (3) Dept., of Horticulture, (4) Dep., of Crop production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria. (5) Aleppo Research center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria. 356

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7 & D C "&.( 6(' *D * 6.( 6, a2, 89 + "& D 6&.E& 6 ' 6& 2: *D I " 6) * 0.19Z1 7 6' K"& 6 * 30 8' 4 % 6'( :(2008) 0D *& 0 6) D=D 7 15 ", 3 8' I(!, 3Q 3 * 50 3Q 02 6 %' )= 6 (: ) " J2A " )=5 JA 6 6+ " 3. 4 _=3 0 :Q 6 6P 643b.( ;).(A 8, % * ""' :?8- #$ 2+ ) 0)=25 a 8, % * ""' (6 %758'.(0)=5 a 8, 6 %75 2) 2 D b P3 D D "' :C.2 2 D " ) :M ) ( *"3 Q 6P 6 ).(>)) D 10 ( (*) D.0 a 0)=5 a "' ("-/P/) "- &-I.3 :0 ) " 6+! " c6b, :(Gomma, 1997) ' ( ) : :* H(MP) = [(F1 MP) / MP] 100 : 89 Z1. :F :H(MP) :49 MP = (P1 + P2) / 2 : K 0 3" : MP H(BP) = [(F1 BP) / BP] 100 : 89 Z2. : F 1.8' 89 7 :H (BP) :49.!, I + 0 8' : BP Broad sense /2& * 2! " 6, :%& :* :Falconar, (1989) "& $ heritability G / = 2 P) x 100 h 2 = (= 2 K; 0) : 0D : :49 H 2 P H 2 G 361

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9 ."2 2d X 1-1 ( ( ( a2 "2' 29 8' (K 4 J) ( 6;, 0 6/>)0.89 "& (K 6 T O 1 V) (.= 7 6/>) 1.57 " ", 0)=5 X 1 ( 6/>)1.12 ( 6, 6/>) ' ( 6=35 O4. 6)& " X 1-1 ( 6/>)0.72 8,.' : :>-C ""' + 0 & ' (2) " C 02 (%7.88Z) 2 6,.(A 8, % * * 7 45 "& 11 * 0 (%21.05Z) 8, "2' 2 & 6) ) & ; ) " G "' 7 53 "& (%6.19Z) , & 0' (1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,14,16,17) 2 62) (%20.59Z) ( ) 7 (%9.88Z) 82, %2 2 * ""' <.7 51 (%7.27Z) 8 0 & & ' 8' ]P, 6) 0)=5 a 02 2 & %7.55Z 0 6: " (1,3,12,14,15,17,19) 0 8' ]P, 6) ).%5.20Z " ", (56I10I13) 2) *2 %6.68Z2 6: (2,14,15,17,19) 0 &. 0 & & '. 6' (1,7,6,8). & (3) " < 2 6 (%34.68) 0 "& D 89 "2 2 7 (%14.03) " ", &. (2,3,15) ; * (%39.84) 6: & '. (6,7,8) 6. &

10 .... /& 0! " /,- #"& ") 7 K "*- - &- "9 ; ;*& 7 (2). (BP).8$9 :9 (MP) "9 ;*& ' <=-" "*.?8- #$ 3.55 C #/3&*2?8- '&.&& 9 B '&.&& 9 H(BP) H(MP) '&.&& 9.&& 9 3 H(BP) H(MP) C #/3&*2?8- B '& K I X H N K J X G X K T O V P ns ** ** ** K6 x K * ** ** ** K6 x I ns ** ** ** K6 x X ns -1.63ns ns ** K6 x H ns * ** ** K6 x N ns * ** ** K6 x K ns -3.42ns ** ** T x I * 3.25ns * ** T x J ns ** ** T x K 1 9 ns 0.00 ns * ns * T x K ns ns ** ** T x X * 7.09 ** ** ** T x N * 5.23 * ns ** T x G * ** ** ** O 1 x H * ** ns 0.61 ns O 1 x J ns ns ** ** V x X * ** ** ** V x H ns 1.68 ns ns 5.49 ns V x K * ** ns ** P x X LSD LSD 0.01.**& 364

11 2.%55 D 6: (2001) Hundal and Singh "' &. ; * (0)=5 a "') D 8I 2. 0 * (% ) "& (17 3). 8' ]P,. & * 89 Gomide et al., (2008). 0 " 0 6,. 2) Magali-R-F1 ".% E+ D 89 %30.04Z D. (2003) Sousa and Maluf " W24 89 %1 F 8' %0.36 6:!, ", % , Z ,. (2001)Hundal and Singh " < (4) " 0 Gomide et al. (2008) "' %30.04 *2 6, (1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13,19). 10 6( D " ) 89 2' 2 2 6) ' 79 * 64 6) (%0.79Z32.47) 6, & & ' 6) 8' ]P, <. & ) 62: (1,3,4,10,19). 3 0 O ), 0 0 8' (% & ' ( " D 10 ( < %2.83 8, 7 0 % , & '.106 8' ]P, <.(4 ") 3 %3.17 8, 7 0 % , 89 6: (2001) Hundal and Singh " 0.D ( + % ' 17 ( " (5 ") 0 a "' A < 2 62: 29 2 (11I13) 2 ( 6/>) : 2; 89 ' ( 6=35 6" ".6/>)1.19 & ' 5 8' 49 ""& O5 02 % , 2 & ' 11 (2 " < 19 0 % %3.54 8, 17 0 % , & '

12 .... /& 0! " /,- #"& ") 7 K "*- - &- "9 ; ;*& 7 (3). C.; (BP).8$9 :9 (MP) "9 ;*& ' <=-" "*. "- #$ ; #/3&*2?8- - C ; #/3&*2?8- - C.; H(BP) H(MP) () C ; H(BP) H(MP) () C.; ns ns ** * * * ns 9.63 ns ** ** ns ** ** ns ** ** ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 9.65 ns ns * * ns **& K 1 I 1 X 1-1 H N 2 K 4 J X 1 G X 2 K 6 T O 1 V P K 6 x K 1 K 6 x I 1 K 6 x X 1-1 K 6 x H K 6 x N 2 K 6 x K 4 T x I 1 T x J T x K 1 T x K 4 T x X 1 T x N 2 T x G O 1 x H O 1 x J V x X 2 V x H V x K 1 P x X 1 LSD 0.05 LSD

13 7 K "*- - &- "9 ; ;*& 7 (4). /* (BP).8$9 :9 (MP) "9 ;*& ' =-" "*. "- #$ C 10 C #/3&*2?8- - C (10) #/3&*2?8- - C /* H(BP) H(MP) P/ C (10) H(BP) H(MP) /* 3 () C K I X H N K J X G X K T O V P ** ** ** ** 2.55 K 6 x K ** 1.76 K 6 x I ** ** ** ** 3.02 K 6 x X ** ** 2.60 K 6 x H ** ** K 6 x N ** K 6 x K ** ** T x I ** ** T x J ** ** ** 2.65 T x K ** ** ** 0.79 ** 3.39 T x K ** 2.95 T x X T x N ** ns 3.41 T x G ** ** O 1 x H ** ** O 1 x J ** 3.00 V x X ** ** 3.43 V x H V x K ** ** ** 4.81 ** 2.69 P x X LSD LSD 0.01.**& 367

14 .... /& 0! " /,- #"& ") 2 0 %255 6 (2003) Sousa and Maluf " 0 62: %1 5 8' 0) JA %1F "' 0 8' (%171) (%200) ' (2008)Reddy. 0 6: ).KAU-SC-1003 Arka Lohit 0 W4 %153 2A García et al (2002) "2' (%179) P06 P01 (%154) (2004)Seneviratne and Kannangara 2" 0 6:.2./ 2" 02.Pusajwala MI W D A. 8' 6: (2002)Ahmed and Pandey DPS- 2 2;.% CW-S1 YoloWonder Anand Chilli- 2 3 Je %15.35 &. S J2e % ' G-4 1 8' (2004) Seneviratne and Kannangara +, (Patel et al., 2001) 62: %112 " 2./ A + &. 6.(2001) Hundal and Singh,. 0 " 0 %108 CF Bang-chang KY 1-1 Fang KY 1-1 Bang-chang 2" 02 2)4 PQ % , 6+. (2001) Hundal and Singh, 6 " 0.(2000) Milerue et al, % : 49 7" ' ) JA 89 6) 8' ( ) 6' (0)=5 a "') JA ) , ).6 />) 0.65 " 9 4 6/>) 2 " ", 9 ' W )% ' * 02 %2.73 8, 16 0 % , & ' "!, < % , 19 0 % , & '. 2 & 2'. 6'. & " ;,= $.(5 ")18 "2 )2 2D.(A 8, % * ""') 6+ *;& 0. (0 a "' 0)=5 a "' A D 10 ( D " D 6D ;9 89 % V HA K 6 N 2 K 6 X 1-1 K 6 K 1. 6; 0 0 < O & 2D 2; 6+2 O4.! ' L 6D 89 %.6D (0)) 368

15 7 K "*- - &- "9 ; ;*& 7 (5). "- &-B (BP).8$9 :9 (MP) "9 ;*& ' <=-" "*. #$ #/3&*2?8- - &-B # "?8- - &-B H(BP) H(MP) "-/P/ &-B H(BP) H(MP) "-/P/ &-B K I X H N K J X G X K T O V P ** ** ** ** 1.83 K 6 x K ** ** ** ** 2.08 K 6 x I ** ** ** ** 1.90 K 6 x X ** ** 2.09 K 6 x H ** ** ** 8.53 ** 1.64 K 6 x N ** K 6 x K ** ** 1.68 T x I ** ** 1.79 T x J ** ** ** 1.87 T x K ** ** ** 2.35 T x K T x X T x N ** T x G ** ** O 1 x H O 1 x J ** ** ** ** 2.24 V x X ** ** ** ** 3.19 V x H ** ** V x K ** ** ** ** 1.53 P x X LSD LSD 0.01 *&.* 369

16 .... /& 0! " /,- #"& ") :%& :>C C 2 " " 6+! " - K4 (6) " 2D "2 )2 D D 6+! " 6) :0 K"L2 *D (%91I88I7885) 0 8' > " %70 8' D 10( (! " 6: 6+ O4.! 0 ) " D & (2008) "2' %95 (2008) Marame et al., 2" 02 %41 ", D 2<.2D 10 2 ( %92 (2007) Krishna et al "' >.Farhad et al., %2 2 * ""' (0 a 0)=5 a "') A 6+ (2007)Krishna et al., " 0 0 8' % >.(A 8,.(2008)Farhad et al., 2" 0 6/>) A + %93 > %88 > a2 82, %2 2 *2 ""' + %328,! " O4.! 0 ) " K"L - & 8' " X0)=5., 0 & 1"&.* %& >C >; 15 >- F - &-B &-B?8-? #/3&*2 # " "-/P/ C P/ /* C ; C ; C "&.& (6). 9 9.&&.&&?8- '& '& #/3&*2 B "& / (Rep) C ; (Treat) #"& R;+ F %& Heritability % 370

17 &-&*2 & '.(A 8, % * ""' ) 2 2 & 0' ""2' 89 & '.. 7 6; 7 & 5 6) 0)=5 a 8, % * D " )!,. 6;. O5 & ' D 10 ( + 89 & ' (. & '. 10 6) & ' ; ( " 0)=5 a "' <.0 a "' A '. 6(. 10 & '.. & & '. V H AK 6 N 2 K 6 X 1-1 K 6 K 1 6( "2 ) D.(A 8, % * ""') 6+ *;& (0 a "' 0)=5 a "' A D 10 ( D 02 0 < O " D 6D ;9 89 % ' L 6D 89 %. 6;.6D (0)) 0& D ; 6+ O4.! " ) D D 6+ %70 8'! " 6) a2 "2') A 6+ %70Z61 ` 6D 10 ( D /23 ".(A 8, % * ""' (0 a 0)=5.%32 8, 0)=5 a 8, % * ""'

18 .... /& 0! " /,- #"& ") REFERENCES 1.# S3B.(2007).-* KB.1.;;+& =B A1& - " A "- "& **).(1991).- " ) A* A" 3. Ahmed, Z.; Pandey, V. (2002). Heterosis and Combining Ability in Diallel Crosses of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Vegetable Sience, V.22(1): Anand, N.; Mulger R.; Chavan, M. (2001). Dry Matter Heterosis in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Vegetable Science, V. 28 (2): Antonio, T. D.; W.D.Vicente; D.C.Cosme; F. T. Jose. (1997). Efficiency in predicting tomato hybrid behavior based on parents Genetic Divergence. Revistaceres 44(253), Falconer, D. S. (1960). Introduction to quantitative genetics. Great Britain for Olivier and boyd, by Robert Mac Lehose and Comp. Lim Glasgow., Falconar, DA., (1989). Introduction to Quantitive Genetics. Longman Scientific & Technical, UK. 438 p. 8. Falconer, D. S.; Mackay, T. F. C. (1996). Introduction to quantitative Genetics. 4. ed. England: Longman. 9. Farhad, M.; Hasanuzzaman, M.; Biswas, B. K.; Azad, A. K.; Arifuzzaman, M. (2008). Reliability of Yield Contributing Characters for Improving Yield Potential in Chilli (Capsicum annum L.). Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(3): García, B. F.; Salinas, G.; Pozo, C.; Reyes, V.; Ramírez, M.; López, S.; Aguirre, B.; Salazar, S. (2002). Estimation of Genetic Distances Among Green Pepper (Capsicum annuum. L.) Lines Using RAPD Markers and Its Relationship with Heterosis, Proceedings of the 16th International Pepper Conference Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. 11. Gomma, M. A. M. (1997). Genetic studies on yield components and fiber properties in three Egyptian cotton crosses. Annals. Agric. sci Cairo. 42(1): Gomide, M. L.; Maluf W.R.; Gomes, L. A. A. (2008). Combining Ability among Lines of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Ciênc.agrotec, Lavaras, V.32, n.3,p: Hundal, J.S.; Singh, R. (2001). Manifestation of Heterosis in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Vegetable Sience, V.28(2): Krishna, C. U.; Madalagerim, M. B.; Patil M. P.; Ravindra, M.; Kotlkal, Y. K., (2007). Variability Studies in Green Chilli(Capsicum annuum L.). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,20(1): ( ) 15. Marame, F.; Desalegne, L.; Singh,IH.; Fininsa, CH.; Sigvald, R. (2008). Genetic Component and Heritability of Yield and Yield Related Traits in Hot pepper. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4 (6):

19 16. Milerue, N.; Nikornpun, M.; Kasetsart J. (2000). Studies on Heterosis of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). (Nat. Sci) 34: Patel, J.A.; Patel, M. J.; Patel, A.D.; Acharya, R.R.; Bhalala, M.K. (2001). Heterosis Studies Over Environments in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Vegetable Sience, V.28(2): Qunchu,Z. (1995). Studies on Genetic Parameters of Main Characters of Hot Pepper and Application to Breeding. Acta Hort. 402: ( 19. Reddy, G. M. (2008). Heterosis Studies in Chillies (Capsicum annuum L.). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 21(4):( ). 20. Seneviratne, K.G.S.; Kannangara, K.N. (2004). Heterosis, Heterobeltosis and Commercial Heterosis for Agronomic Traits and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Annals of the Srilanka Department of Agriculture, 6: Sousa, J. A.; Maluf, W. R. (2003). Diallel Analysis and Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scientia Agricola. V.60,n.1,p Stevanovic, B.; Zecevic, B., Brkic, S. (1997). Estimation of Combining Ability for Yield and Component of Yield in Pepper (Capsicum anuum L.).Acta Hort. 462: ( 23. Taychasinpitak, ch.; Taywiya, P. (2003).Specific Combining Ability of Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Kasetsart J (Nat.Sce.) 37: Received 2009 /11/ 04 %" TI Accepted for Publ. 2010/01/ 25 - %"." 373

POSSIBILITY TO SELECT HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES BY POLLEN FERTILITY IN SEGREGATION HYBRID AND BACKCROSS PROGENIES CREATED based on NUCLEAR MALE STERILITY

565 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 18 (No 4) 2012, 565-570 Agricultural Academy POSSIBILITY TO SELECT HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES BY POLLEN FERTILITY IN SEGREGATION HYBRID AND BACKCROSS PROGENIES