Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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1 Available online at INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCE ISSN: Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 3 (3): (2015) Research Article Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) K. Bayyapu Reddy*, V. Chenga Reddy, M. Lal Ahmed, T.C.M. Naidu and V. Srinivasarao Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Bapatla , Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh *Corresponding Author drkaipu3@gmail.com ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted on correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in upland cotton with 63 genotypes of cotton for seventeen characters at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam Farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The character association analysis revealed that number of monopodia plant -1, number of bolls plant -1, boll weight, relative chlorophyll content, 2.5% span length, bundle strength and lint yield plant -1 were found to have significant positive association with seed cotton yield plant -1 at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. The path analysis indicated that the number of bolls plant -1, boll weight (g), seed index, 2.5% span length (mm) and lint yield plant -1 (g) showed direct positive effects and significant positive correlation with seed cotton yield plant -1 (g) revealing that due weightage should be given in selection process with more number of bolls plant -1 and more boll weight and there should be economic balance among these traits to get higher seed cotton yield plant -1. Key words: Correlation, cotton, path analysis, seed cotton yield. INTRODUCTION Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), is a predominant species of cotton cultivated mainly for it s lint in more than 80 countries of world. Yield is a polygenically inherited character resulting from multiplicative interaction of its contributing characters. Yield is highly influenced by the environment, hence selection based on yield alone may limit the progress. Where as the yield component characters are less complex in inheritance and are influenced by the environment to a lesser extent. Both the correlation and path coefficient analysis form a basis for selection and also helps in understanding those yield components affecting yield improvement through the study of their direct and indirect effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted during kharif, in randomized block design with 63 genotypes obtained from all over India with three replications following 120 x 60 cm spacing at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam Farm, Andhra Pradesh. The soils are black cotton type. Recommended doses of fertilizers 120 N, 60 P 2 O 5 and 40 K 2 O kg/ha were applied in split doses. Each plot consisted of three rows of 6 m length and observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each genotype per replication for 17 characters Viz., plant height (cm), no. of monopodia plant -1, no. of sympodia plant -1, no. of bolls plant -1, boll weight (g), relative chlorophyll content, seed index (g), lint index (g), seed cotton yield plant -1 (g) and lint yield plant -1 (g). The data on days to 50% flowering, ginning out turn (%), 2.5% span length (mm), micronaire value (10-6 g/inch), bundle strength (g/tex), uniformity ratio and elongation (%) were recorded on plot basis. Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 70

2 The fibre quality parameters were studied at Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT), RARS, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The data was statistically analysed to estimate genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients 4 and path coefficient analysis 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. Genotypic correlation coefficients in general were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients (Table 1.). Seed cotton yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with number of monopodia plant -1, number of bolls plant -1, boll weight, 2.5% span length and lint yield plant -1 at phenotypic level, where as with number of monopodia plant -1, number of bolls plant -1, boll weight, 2.5% span length and lint yield plant -1 at genotypic level. Similar results were reported by Krishna Mohan 7, Rumesh Ranjan et al., 13. and Santosh Kumar Pujer et al., 15. Significant and positive correlations at both the levels were also observed between component characters themselves like that of days to 50% flowering with lint index, ginning out turn and lint yield plant -1 Karunakar Raju 6 plant height with micronaire value, uniformity ratio and elongation % Eswar Rao 3 number of monopodia plant -1 with number of bolls plant -1, boll weight, 2.5% span length and lint yield plant -1 Krishna Mohan 7 and Hafiz et al., 5 number of sympodia plant -1 with seed index, lint index, 2.5% span length and bundle strength Neelima et al., 10 and Mahantesh 9, number of bolls plant -1 with boll weight and lint yield plant -1 Rumesh Ranjan et al., 13 boll weight with lint yield plant -1 Rajanna et al., 11 seed index with lint index, 2.5% span length and bundle strength Krishna Mohan 7 ; Kumari Vinodhana et al., 8 and Santosh Kumar Pujer et al., 15 lint index with ginning out turn, 2.5% span length, bundle strength and lint yield plant -1 Sakthi et al., 14 Vijayalaxmi et al., 16 and Santosh Kumar Pujer et al., 15 ginning out turn with lint yield plant -1 Krishna Mohan 7 2.5% span length with bundle strength 8 and Santosh Kumar Pujer et al., 15 micronaire value with uniformity ratio 12 and elongation %, uniformity ratio with elongation % Krishna Mohan 7. The estimates of correlation coefficient mostly indicated inter-relationship of different characters but it did not furnish information on cause and effect. Under such situation path analysis helped the breeder to identify the index of selection. Path coefficient analysis was done in order to study the direct and indirect effects of individual component characters on the dependent variable i.e., seed cotton yield plant -1. Study of path coefficients enable the breeders to concentrate on the variables which show high direct effect on seed cotton yield. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of seed cotton yield with other yield and fibre quality traits was further partitioned into direct and indirect effects and the results were presented in table 2 and 3, fig 1 and 2. The component of residual effect of path analysis in yield and fibre quality traits is at genotypic level and at phenotypic level. The lower residual effect indicated that the characters chosen for path analysis were adequate and appropriate. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of bolls plant -1, boll weight, seed index and lint yield plant -1 had shown direct positive effect on seed cotton yield plant -1 at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. These results are in conformity with the findings of Chitti et al., 1 Krishna Mohan 7, Rajanna et al., 12 Kumari Vinodhana et al., 8 and Rumesh Ranjan et al., 13. The indirect positive effect on seed cotton yield plant -1 at both phenotypic and genotypic levels by days to 50% flowering with number of bolls plant -1, boll weight and lint yield plant -1, number of monopodia plant - 1 with number of bolls plant -1, boll weight and lint yield plant -1, number of sympodia plant -1 with number of bolls plant -1, number of bolls plant -1 with boll weight and lint yield plant -1, boll weight with number of bolls plant -1 and lint yield plant -1, seed index with number of bolls plant -1, lint index and ginning out turn with lint yield plant -1, 2.5% span length with number of bolls plant -1, bundle strength with number of bolls plant -1, elongation with number of bolls plant -1, lint yield plant -1 with number of bolls plant -1 and boll weight was observed. Hence, from the correlation and path coefficient analysis study it was inferred that, number of bolls plant 1, boll weight and lint yield plant -1 had significant association and also showed high positive direct effects on seed cotton yield plant -1. Hence in the improvement programmes due importance may be given for this traits to improve genetic yield potential in cotton. Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 71

3 Table 1. Phenotypic (above diagonal) and genotypic (below diagonal) correlations of 17 characters in 63 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes Character No. of No. of No. of Relative Days to 50 % Plant Boll monopodia sympodia bolls chlorophyll flowering height weight plant -1 plant -1 plant -1 content Seed index Days to 50 % flowering * Plant height No. of monopodia plant * * No. of sympodia plant ** * ** ** No. of bolls plant ** ** Boll weight * ** ** Relative chlorophyll content * ** Seed index * ** Lint index ** ** ** Ginning out turn ** ** 2.5% span length ** ** ** * ** ** Micronaire value ** ** ** ** Budnle strength ** ** ** ** ** ** Uniformity ratio ** ** ** Elongation ** * ** * * Lint yield plant ** ** ** ** ** Seed cotton yield plant -1 (P) ** ** 0.54** Seed cotton yield plant -1 (G) ** ** ** ** Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB

4 Table 1(cont ) Character Lint index Micronaire Ginning out 2.5% span Budnle Uniformity Lint yield value Elongation turn length strength ratio plant -1 Days to 50 % Flowering ** ** ** Plant height ** * * ** * No. of monopodia plant ** * ** No. of sympodia plant * ** ** No. of bolls plant ** Boll weight * * ** Relative chlorophyll content ** * Seed index ** ** 0.43** ** * Lint index ** ** ** ** Ginning out turn ** * ** ** 2.5% span length 0.05** * ** ** * Micronaire value ** ** ** ** Budnle strength 0.41** * ** ** ** Uniformity ratio ** ** ** ** ** Elongation ** ** ** Lint yield plant ** ** Seed cotton yield plant -1 (P) * ** Seed cotton yield plant -1 (G) * * * ** *significant at 5%level **significant at 1%level Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 31

5 Table 2. Direct and indirect effects (phenotypic) of yield components on seed cotton yield in 63 genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Character No. of No. of No. of Relative Days to 50 % Plant Boll Seed monopodia sympodia bolls chlorophyll flowering height weight index plant -1 plant -1 plant -1 content Days to 50 % flowering Plant height No. of monopodia plant No. of sympodia plant No. of bolls plant Boll weight Relative chlorophyll content Seed index Lint index Ginning out turn % span length Micronaire value Budnle strength Uniformity ratio Elongation Lint yield plant Seed cotton yield plant ** ** 0.54** Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 32

6 Table 2 (cont ) Character Lint index Ginning out turn 2.5% span length Micronaire value Budnle strength Uniformity ratio Elongation Lint yield Days to 50 % flowering Plant height No. of monopodia plant No. of sympodia plant No. of bolls plant Boll weight Relative chlorophyll content Seed index Lint index Ginning out turn % span length Micronaire value Budnle strength Uniformity ratio Elongation Lint yield plant Seed cotton yield plant * ** Residual effect = *Significant at 5% level **Significant at 1%level Bold and diagonal values indicate direct effects plant -1 Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 33

7 Table 3. Direct and indirect effects (genotypic) of yield components on seed cotton yield in 63 genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Character No. of No. of No. of Relative Days to 50 % Plant Boll Seed monopodia sympodia bolls chlorophyll flowering height weight index plant -1 plant -1 plant -1 content Days to 50 % flowering Plant height No. of monopodia plant No. of sympodia plant No. of bolls plant Boll weight Relative chlorophyll content Seed index Lint index Ginning out turn % span length Micronaire value Budnle strength Uniformity ratio Elongation Lint yield plant Seed cotton yield plant ** ** ** ** Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 34

8 Table 3 (cont ) Character Lint index Ginning out turn 2.5% span length Micronaire value Budnle strength Uniformity satio Elongation Lint yield Days to 50 % flowering Plant height No. of monopodia plant No. of sympodia plant No. of bolls plant Boll weight Relative chlorophyll content Seed index Lint index Ginning out turn % span length Micronaire value Budnle strength Uniformity ratio Elongation Lint yield plant Seed cotton yield plant * * * ** RESIDUAL EFFECT = * Significant at 5%level **Significant at 1%level, Bold and diagonal values indicate direct effects plant -1 Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 35

9 Fig. 1: Phenotypic path diagram showing cause-effect relationship of yield components with seed cotton yield plant -1 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 78

10 Fig. 2: Genotypic path diagram showing cause-effect relationship of yield components with seed cotton yield plant -1 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). REFERENCES 1. Chitti B K., Rajesh, S.P., Katageri, I.S., Sekhar, L and Khadi, B.M. Direct and indirect effect of various traits on seed cotton yield in single, double and three way cross derivatives in upland cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.). Journal of Cotton Research and Development. 28(2): (2014) 2. Dewey, D.R and Lu, K.H. A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheat grass seed production. Agronomy Journal. 51(9): (1959) 3. Eswar Rao, G. Genetic divergence in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis. Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India (2008) Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 79

11 4. Falconer, D.S. An Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Second Edition. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh (1964) 5. Hafiz G A., Abid M and Qurban Ali. Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation studies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Research Journal of Microbiology. 4(6): (2013) 6. Karunakar Raju, G.B. Character association and genetic divergence in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis. Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India (2005) 7. Krishna Mohan, M. Combining ability analysis for fibre quality in interspecific hybrids of cotton. M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis. Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India (2011) 8. Kumari Vinodhana, N., Gunasekaran, M and Vindhyavarman, P. Genetic studies of variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in cotton genotypes. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience. 1(5): 6-10 (2013) 9. Mahantesh. Combining ability studies involving new hirsutum lines in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis. Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India (2009) 10. Neelima, S., Chenga Reddy, V and Narisireddy, A. Association and path analysis in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Indian Society for Cotton Improvement. (1): (2005) 11. Rajamani, S., Sumalatha, P and Gopinath, M. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in Gossypium hirsutum L. Journal of Cotton Research and Development. 27(2): (2013) 12. Rajanna, B., Samba Murthy, J.S.V., Lal Ahamed, M and Srinivasa Rao, V. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The Andhra Agricultural Journal. 58(2): (2011) 13. Rumesh Ranjan., Sangwan, R.S., Siwach, S.S., Sangwan, O and Sah, M.K. Correlation and path analysis studies in Gossypium arboreum L. Journal of Cotton Research and Development. 28(1): (2014) 14. Sakthi, A.R., Kumar, M and Ravikesavan, R. Variability and association analysis using morphological and quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Cotton Research and Development. 21(2): (2007) 15. Santosh Kumar P., Siwach, S.S., Sangwan, R.S., Sangwan, O and Deshmukh, J. Correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and fibre quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Cotton Research and Development. 28(2): (2014) 16. Vijayalaxmi, G., Chenga Reddy, V., Panduranga Rao C., Satish Babu, J and Srinivasulu, R. Character association and path coefficient analysis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The Andhra Agricultural Journal. 55 (2): (2008) Copyright June, 2015; IJPAB 80