The Alexandrov-Urysohn Compactness On Single

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Alexandrov-Urysohn Compactness On Single"

Transcription

1 EID JFRI I. ROCKIRNI J. MRTIN JENCY 3 College of Vestsjaellad outhherrestraede 400 lagelse Demark. 3 Departmet of Mathematcs Nrmala College for wome Combatore Tamladu Ida. 3 E-mal: martajecy@gmal.com The lexadrov-urysoh Compactess O gle Valued Neutrosophc Cetered ystems bstract I ths paper we preset the oto of the sgle valued eutrosophc maxmal compact exteso sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system. Moreover the cocept of sgle valued eutrosophc absolute s appled to establsh the lexadrov -Urysoh compactess crtero. ome of the basc propertes are characterzed. Keywords gle valued eutrosophc cetered system sgle valued homeomorphsm sgle valued eutrosophc θ cotuous fuctos. eutrosophc θ. Itroducto Floret maradache [9] combed the o- stadard aalyss wth a tr compoet logc/set probablty theory wth phlosophy ad proposed the term eutrosophc whch meas kowledge of eutral thoughts. Ths eutral represets the ma dstcto betwee fuzzy ad tutostc fuzzy logc set. I 998 Floret maradache [6] defed the sgle valued eutrosophc set volvg the cocept of stadard aalyss. toe [0 ] appled the apparatus of Boolea rgs to vestgate spaces more geeral tha completely regular oes related to some extet to the fucto-theoretc approach. Usg these methods toe [0 ] obtaed a umber of mportat results o Hausdorff spaces ad fact troduced the mportat topologcal costructo that was later called the absolute. The frst proof of lexadrov-urysoh compactess crtero wthout ay axom of coutablty was gve by toe [0 ].Cech exteso topologcal spaces ad lexadrov-urysoh compactess crtero were costructed by Ilads ad Fom[7]. 345

2 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) I ths paper the cocept of absolute sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ad the sgle valued eutrosophc maxmal compact exteso β() (sgle valued eutrosophc cech exteso) of a arbtrary sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space s troduced. Further the lexadrov -Urysoh compactess crtero o sgle valued eutrosophc structure has bee studed.. Prelmares Defto.: [6] Let X be a space of pots (objects) wth a geerc elemet X deoted by x. sgle valued eutrosophc set (VN) X s characterzed by truth-membershp fucto T determacymembershp fucto I ad falsty-membershp fucto F. For each pot x X T(x) I(x) F(x) [0]. Whe X s cotuous a VN ca be wrtte as T( x) I ( x) F( x) / x x X. X Whe X s dscrete a VN ca be wrtte as T( x ) I( x ) F( x ) / x x X Defto.: [3] Let X be a o- empty set ad a collecto of all sgle valued eutrosophc sets of X. sgle valued eutrosophc structure o s a collecto of subsets of havg the followg propertes. φ ad are.. The uo of the elemets of ay sub-collecto of s. 3. The tersecto of the elemets of ay fte sub-collecto of s. The collecto together wth the structure s called sgle valued eutrosophc structure space. The members of are called sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets. The complemet of sgle valued eutrosophc ope set s sad to be a sgle valued eutrosophc closed set. Example.3: [3] Let X { a b} a b 3 4 where

3 a b a b a b a b Here ( ) s a structure space. Defto.4: [3] Let be a member of. sgle valued eutrosophc ope set U ( ) s sad to be a sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghborhood of f G U for some sgle valued eutrosophc ope set G ( ). Example.5: [3] Let X { a b} a b 3 4 where a b a b a b a b Let a b Here 4. 4 s the sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of. Defto.6: [3] Let ( ) be a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ad x T I F be a sgle valued eutrosophc set X. The the sgle valued eutrosophc closure of (brefly V N cl()) ad sgle valued eutrosophc teror of (brefly VN t()) are respectvely defed by VN cl() = {K: K s a sgle valued eutrosophc closed sets ad K} VN t() = {G: G s a sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets ad G }. 347

4 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) Example.7: [3] Let X { a b} a b 3 4 where a b a b a b a b c a b a b c a b c a b 3 c Let a b. The VN t( ) { 3} c VN cl( ) { }. 4 Defto.8: [3] The ordered par ( ) s called a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space f for each par of dsjot members of there exst dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets U ad U such that U ad U. Example.9: [3] Let X { a b} a 0 b 0 where 3 a b a b a b Let a b a b Here ad are dsjot members of ad are dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets such that ad. Hece the ordered par ( ) s a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space. 348

5 Defto.0: [3] Let ( ) ad ( ) be ay two sgle valued eutrosophc structure spaces ad let f :( ) ( ) be a fucto. The f s sad to be sgle valued eutrosophc cotuous ff the pre mage of each sgle valued eutrosophc ope set ( ) s a sgle valued eutrosophc ope set ( ). Defto.: [3] Let ( ) ad ( ) be ay two sgle valued eutrosophc structure spaces ad let f :( ) ( ) be a bjectve fucto. If both the fuctos f ad the verse fucto f :( ) ( valued eutrosophc homeomorphsm. Defto.: [4] ) are sgle valued eutrosophc cotuous the f s called sgle Let f be a fucto from a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ( ) to a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ( ) wth f ) f ( ) where ( ) ad ( ( ).The f s called a sgle valued eutrosophc cotuous at f for every eghbourhood O of there exsts a eghbourhood O of such that f VN cl( O )) VN cl( O ).The fucto s called sgle valued eutrosophc ( cotuous f t s sgle valued eutrosophc cotuous at every member of. Defto.3: [3] fucto s called a sgle valued eutrosophc θ homeomorphsm f t s sgle valued eutrosophc oe to oe ad sgle valued eutrosophc θ cotuous both drectos. Defto.4: [3] Let ( ) be a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space. system p = {Uα : α = 3...} of sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets s called a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system f ay fte collecto of the sets of the system has a o- empty tersecto. Example.5: [3] Let X { a b} a 0 b 0 where 3 349

6 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) a b a b a b Let a b a b.let us cosder the system 0.50 p 3. p s a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system sce has a o -empty tersecto. Let p { : } s also a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system. Here p s a maxmal sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system. Defto.6: [3] The sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system p s called a maxmal sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system or a sgle valued eutrosophc ed f t caot be cluded ay larger sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system of sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets. Defto.7: [3] subset of a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ( ) s sad to be a everywhere sgle valued eutrosophc dese subset ( ) f V N cl() =. Defto.8: [3] subset of a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ( ) s sad to be a owhere sgle valued eutrosophc dese subset ( ) f X \ c s everywhere sgle valued eutrosophc dese subset. 3. gle valued eutrosophc Cech exteso Defto 3.: sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system p = {Uα} of sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets of s called a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system f for ay Uα p there exsts a Vα p ad a sgle valued eutrosophc cotuous fucto f o such that f () = for \Uα f () = 0 for Vα ad 0 f () for ay. I ths case Vα. s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly cotaed Uα. 350

7 Defto 3.: sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system s called a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular ed f t s ot cotaed ay larger sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system. Defto 3.3: Let ( ) ad ( ) be ay two sgle valued eutrosophc structure spaces. fucto f : ( ) ( ) of a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ( ) oto a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space ( ) s a quotet fucto (or atural fucto) f wheever V s a sgle valued eutrosophc a sgle valued eutrosophc Note 3.4: ope set ( ) ad coversely. ope set ( ) f ( V ) s The maxmal sgle valued eutrosophc cetered systems of sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets ( sgle valued eutrosophc eds) regarded as elemets of the sgle valued eutrosophc space θ() fall to two classes: those sgle valued eutrosophc eds each of whch cotas all the sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of oe (obvously oly oe) member of ad the sgle valued eutrosophc eds ot cotag such systems of sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods. The sgle valued eutrosophc eds of the frst type ca be regarded as represetg the members of the orgal sgle valued eutrosophc space ad those of the secod type as correspodg to holes. Defto 3.5: The collecto of all sgle valued eutrosophc eds of the frst type θ() s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space ad t s also called the sgle valued eutrosophc absolute of whch s deoted by w(). I w() each member V s represeted by sgle valued eutrosophc eds cotag all sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of. It s obvous that w( ) B( V ) where B (V ) are the sgle valued eutrosophc eds p of that cota all the sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of V.The subset w() s mapped a atural way oto.if p w() the by defto ( p) V where V s the member whose sgle V 35

8 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods all belog to p ad s the atural fucto of w() oto. Lemma 3.6: sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system {Uα} of all sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of a member a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular ed. Here {Uα} s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular cetered system.the Lemma wll be proved f t s possble to show that {Uα } s ot cotaed ay other sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system. s a cotrary suppose that {Vα } s a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered completely regular system cotag {Uα } wth V { U }. ce V meets every sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of VN cl( V )\ V.Let V be a elemet of {Vα} such that VN cl( V ) V.But the V N cl( V ).It follows that V does ot meet ay of the sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of so {Vα } caot be a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system cotag {Uα }. Now we costruct a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space whch s deoted by ( ).Itsmembers are all sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular eds of ad ts sgle valued eutrosophc topology s defed as follows: Choose a arbtrary sgle valued eutrosophc ope set U ad the collectoo of all sgle valued eutrosophc cetered completely regular eds of that cota U as a member s to be a sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of each of them. Lemma 3.7: sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular ed p = {Uα} of a sgle valued eutrosophc structure space has the followg propertes:. If Uβ Uα p the Uβ p.. The tersecto of ay fte umber of members of p belogs to p. U 35

9 sserto () s obvous. () Let U U... U p U U... U p ad f f... f be fuctos such that f ( ) 0 o VN cl( U ) f ( ) o \ U. The the fucto f ) f ( )... f ( ) s zero o VN cl( U )... VN cl( U ) ad a fortor o ( VN cl(( U )... ( U )). ce \ ( U ) U \ \ the f ( )... f ( ) at each member of ( U ). Puttg f ( ) wheever f ( )... f ( ) ad f ( ) f( )... f ( ). Whe ths sum s less tha t may be obtaed a fucto f () such that 0 f ( ) f ( ) 0 o VN cl( U ) ad f ( ) o ( U ). Hece the sgle valued eutrosophc system p must cota t would ot be maxmal sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system. Corollary 3.8: O U U ad U \ otherwse OV OU V. For f p O U OV the U p ad V p. By Lemma 3.7 U V p that s p.therefore O O O. If p OU V the U V p ad by the same O U V Lemma U p ad V p. Therefore O O O U V U V.Thus OU OV OU V. Lemma 3.9: U V U V p OU ad OV p. That s p O U OV.Hece sgle valued eutrosophc structure space α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff exteso of. The sgle valued eutrosophc structure space α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space. Let p ad q be ay two dsjot members of α (). The t s easy to fd U p ad V p such that U V = φ for otherwse the sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system cosstg of all the members of p ad all the members of q would be a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered completely regular system cotag p ad q whch s mpossble. O U ad O V assocated wth ths U ad V are dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of p ad q α (). 353

10 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) 354 It shall be detfed that the member wth the sgle valued eutrosophc ed = {Uα} cosstg of all the sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of. The OU = U whch shows that s sgle valued eutrosophc topologcally embedded α () ad sce t s easy to see that s everywhere sgle valued eutrosophc dese α (). Therefore α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc exteso of. Ths proves the Lemma. Note 3.0: I a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space the sgle valued eutrosophc caocal eghbourhood forms a base. Lemma 3.: sgle valued eutrosophc structure space α ()ca be cotuously mapped oto every sgle valued eutrosophc compact exteso of such a way that the members of rema fxed. Let b() be ay sgle valued eutrosophc compact exteso of. Each member b() determes the sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system p p = {Uα} cosstg of all sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of b().by Lemma 3.6 ths s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system ad a sgle valued eutrosophc maxmal.the sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system q = {Vα = Uα } s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system.if d = {Hα } α () cotas a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system q the we defe φ o α () as φ(d) = q.ce b() s a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff exteso d ca cota oly oe such sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system q.hece the fucto φ s well-defed.ce a arbtrary sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system ca be exteded to a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular ed φ s oto. It s easy to see that f the φ() =.φ s defed o the whole of α ().For f d = {Hα} α b( ) () the VN cl( H ) (because b() s a sgle valued eutrosophc compact space).let VN cl( H ) b( ).The the sgle valued

11 eutrosophc cetered system d q cosstg of all members Hα d ad all members Uα q s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular ad sce d s a sgle valued eutrosophc maxmal completely regular system d q = d that s q d so that φ(d) =. Let b() ad Uα be ay sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of b(). ssumg Uα s a caocal sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood. Put Vα = Uα. Let d α () ad φ(d)=. The O V s a sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of d α ().To show that φ( O ) V N cl(uα ).For ths t s clear that Vα q f ad oly f V Uα. Now f d O V the Vα d.if φ(d ) = / V N cl(uα ) the some sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of whch does ot cotaed Uα but the Vα / q so that Vα / d that s d / OVα Ths cotradcts our assumpto.ce b() s sgle valued eutrosophc regular space φ s a sgle valued eutrosophc cotuous ad the Lemma s proved.the sgle valued eutrosophc set set of forms a base α (). Lemma 3.: O U where U s a caocal sgle valued eutrosophc ope The sgle valued eutrosophc structure space α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space. Let p ={Uα } α () ad let U be ay sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular cotaed the caocal sgle valued eutrosophc ope set U.ssume that VN cl( O ) (α ()\ O ).The there s a member q = {VN cl(vα )} U U such that q V N cl( O ) (α ()\ U O ).The relato q VN cl( O ) meas U U that every Vα q meets U ad the relato q α ()\ O equvalet to q / meas that every Vα meets \U.ce U s a caocal sgle valued eutrosophc ope set t follows that Vα meets \VN cl(u ). If V ad V are sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets such that V s sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly cotaed \VN cl(v) ad V = V V q U O U 355

12 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) the ether V q or V q. Now let f (B) be a fucto that s zero o V N cl( U ) ad o \U.uch a fucto exsts sce U s sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly cotaed U.lso let 0 < a < b < ad let Γ(a b) be the sgle valued eutrosophc ope set {B : a < f (B) < b}.by assumpto every Vα q has o- empty tersecto wth Γ(a b).for otherwse Vα splts to two sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets Vα ad Vα such that Vα s sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly cotaed \V N cl(vα ) ad V α U = φ Vα (\VN cl(u )) = φ. The last equato cotradcts the fact that q V N cl ( O ) (α ()\ O ). U Cosder the sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets Γ(a b) where 0 < a < a0 < b0 < b < ad a0 ad b0 are fxed.they form a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system whch must be cotaed q.but Γ(a b) U that s Γ(a b) Γ(\V N cl(u)) = φ ad hece q /(α ()\ O ). Ths cotradcto shows that V N cl U ( O ) U O U from whch t follows that α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc regular space. To prove that t s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space. Let Γt 0 t deote the set of all B for whch f (B) < t. It has show that f t < t the VN cl( O t ) O t.hece t follows that U O U s sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly cotaed O. U 356 Lemma 3.3: The sgle valued eutrosophc structure space α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc compact. If H s a sgle valued eutrosophc ope set of α () the there exsts a sgle valued eutrosophc ope set U (H ) of such that H O VN cl( ) the U (H ) U ( H ) H = α Uα.If H s sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly embedded G the O s clearly sgle valued eutrosophc completely regularly embedded U (H ) O U (G).uppose that α () s ot a sgle valued eutrosophc compact space. The by

13 Tychooff s theorem there e x s t s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely r e gu l a r s p a c e α () ξ cotag α () as a everywhere sgle valued eutrosophc dese set. Let Hα be the set of all sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets of α () for whch Hα ξ s a sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhood of ξ α () ξ. The {Hα} s a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular system α (). Hece O U H ) s also a sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space. T h u s O U H ) = φ. c e α () s a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system p = { (Hα)} of sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular too. But p OU H ) for every α Λ that s O α U H ) = φ. Ths cotradcto proves the lemma. Proposto 3.4: For ay sgle valued eutrosophc completely regular space the sgle valued eutrosophc structure space α () cocdes wth the Cech exteso β() upto a sgle valued eutrosophc homeomorphsm leavg the members of fxed. The proof follows mmedately from Lemma 3. ad Lemma 3.3 ad the uqueess of a maxmal sgle valued eutrosophc compact exteso. 4. The lexadrov - Urysoh compactess I ths secto the cocept of sgle valued eutrosophc absolute s appled to establsh the lexadrov - Urysoh compactess. Property 4.: ( ( ( ( If F F F... F 3 wth F o -empty the o-empty so s F ~ ). F ~ ( partcular f F s Let B F ad let q = {G } be a sgle valued eutrosophc ed of F cotag a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system of sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets G F such that B V N t(v N cl(g )).It may be assumed that t has bee costructed systems q = {G } of F such that q cotas all the sgle valued 357

14 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) eutrosophc ope sets G F for whch B V N t(v N cl(g )) ad all sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets whose tersecto wth F s some G. Now costruct q +. By defto q + cossts of all sets G + F+ for whch B V N t(v N cl(g + )) ad of all sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets whose tersecto wth F s some G.It s easy to show that q + s a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system. Thus for each costruct a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system q. Let p = {H}deote the sgle valued eutrosophc ed of cotag q.to show that p F ~.It follows from the costructo of p that f H F q for some ad some sgle valued eutrosophc ope set H the H p.to ~ show that p F.Let H be a sgle valued eutrosophc ope set of such that B V N t(v N cl(h F )).The H F q ~ ad hece H p that s p F.Hece the proof. Property 4.: If F s a sgle valued eutrosophc H closed the F ~ s sgle valued eutrosophc compact (ad hece sgle valued eutrosophc closed θ()). Let {Hα} be ay sgle valued eutrosophc coverg of F ~ by sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets F ~.They may be exteded to sgle valued eutrosophc ope w(). It may assume that each of that each of the exteded sets has the form O U where U s a sgle valued eutrosophc ope set. Otherwse {Hα } may be replaced by a fer coverg for whch ths codto holds.o t may be assumed that {Hα } s a sgle valued eutrosophc coverg of F by sets sgle valued eutrosophc ope w() of the form O where U U α s sgle valued eutrosophc ope. Let B F. Le t B H deote the uo of a fte umber of sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets Hα coverg the sgle valued eutrosophc compact set ( B ).It s clear that f or m s B H h as t he B O U B where U s a s gle va lue d eutrosophc ope set ad s maxmal amog the sgle valued eutrosophc ope sets H for whch O H O B U.From the above 358

15 t follows that the sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system VN t( U B F) s a sgle valued eutrosophc coverg of F.ce F s sgle valued eutrosophc H closed choose a fte umber of members of ths sgle valued eutrosophc coverg such that B VN cl( VN t( VN cl( U F))) F where the closure s take F both ~ cases. To show that O B F.ce the uo O U U B has the property that U B VN t( VN cl( F U)) for ay Bthe a arbtrary sgle valued eutrosophc ~ ed p F cotas U ad hece belogs to some O. Thus for oly those H U B α that make up O U B ad take ther tersectos wth F ~ t h e r e q u r e d fte coverg s obtaed. Defto 4.3: sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space s a sgle valued eutrosophc compact space f ad oly f every (ot ecessarly coutable) well-ordered decreasg sequece of o-empty sgle valued eutrosophc closed sets has a o-empty tersecto. Theorem 4.4: (lexadrov - Urysoh compactess) sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space s a sgle valued eutrosophc compact space f ad oly f each of ts sgle valued eutrosophc closed subset s sgle valued eutrosophc H closed. Necessty: The ecessty of ths codto follows from Property 4.. ce a sgle valued eutrosophc compact space every sgle valued eutrosophc closed subset s a sgle valued eutrosophc compact space ad hece sgle valued eutrosophc H closed. uffcecy: Let be a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space w() be ts sgle valued eutrosophc absolute ad be a sgle valued eutrosophc atural fucto of w() oto. lso let F be ay sgle valued eutrosophc subset of. It ca be assocated t wth a certa sgle valued eutrosophc subset F ~ of w() defed by sayg that the member p s ( B) B belogs to F ~ f p O for every U satsfyg the U codto B V N t(v N cl(u F )).By the costructo of F ~ t s cotaed 359

16 Floret maradache urapat Pramak (Edtors) the complete sgle valued eutrosophc verse mage ( F ) of F w(). F ~ s called as the reduced verse mage of F w(). The proof of the lexadrov - Urysoh compactess sgle valued eutrosophc topology s based o the propertes dscussed above. For suppose that the codtos of the theorem are satsfed ad that {Fα} s a wellordered decreasg system of sgle valued eutrosophc closed sets of. The by Property 4. the set F ~ f o r m a sgle valued eutrosophc cetered system w(). lso sce s all the F s are sgle valued eutrosophc compact space (Property 4.) hece Let C F ~. The πs (C) Fα for every α that s α Fα = φ as requred. F ~. Property 4.5: y well-ordered sequece of decreasg sgle valued eutrosophc H closed sets a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space has a o-empty tersecto. From the proof of Property 4. t s easy to see that ( F ~ ) F. However geeral F ~ does ot cocde wth ( F ). lso the proof of Theorem 4.4 t caot be take ( F ) s stead of F ~ sce the complete verse mage of a sgle valued eutrosophc H- closed set eed ot be sgle valued eutrosophc compact. I fact let be a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space ad F a sgle valued eutrosophc H closed subset such that there s a member \F for whch there does ot exst dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of ad F. Note that a sgle valued eutrosophc Hausdorff space two dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc compact sets have dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods. If ( F ) were sgle valued eutrosophc compact the the sgle valued eutrosophc compact sets ( F ) ad ( ) would have dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods w() say s U ad V. The t follows from the proof of the theorem that VN t(v N cl(π (U )) ad V N t(v N cl(π (V ))) would be dsjot sgle valued eutrosophc ope eghbourhoods of F ad whch cotradcts our assumpto. s s s 360

17 Refereces. lexadrov P. ad Urysoh P.. O compact topologcal spaces. Trudy Mat. Ist. teklov rockara I. ad Marta Jecy J. More o Fuzzy eutrosophc sets ad fuzzy eutrosophc topologcal spaces. Iteratoal joural of ovatve research ad studes 3 (5) (04) rockara I. ad Marta Jecy J. Hausdorff extesos sgle valued eutrosophc cetered systems. (Commucated) 4. Coker D. ad Es.H. O fuzzy compactess tutostc fuzzy topologcal spaces J. Fuzzy math. 3(996) Gleaso.M. Projectve topologcal spaces. Illos J. Math. (958) Wag H. maradache F. Zhag Y. ad uderrama R. gle valued eutrosophc sets. Techcal sceces ad appled Mathematcs. October Ilads. ad Fom.. The method of cetered systems the theory of topologcal spaces UMN (996) Poomarev.V.I. Paracompacta ther projectve spectra ad cotuous mappgs Mat. b. 60(963) maradache F. Neutrosophc set a geeralzato of the tutostc fuzzy sets Iter. J. Pure ppl. Math toe. M.H. The theory of represetatos for Boolea algebra. Tras. mer.math.oc.40(936) toe. M.H pplcato of Boolea algebras to topology Tras. mer. Math. oc. 4(937) Uma M. K Roja. E ad Balasubramaa G. The method of cetered systems fuzzy topologcal spaces The joural of fuzzy mathematcs 5(007)

The Mathematical Appendix

The Mathematical Appendix The Mathematcal Appedx Defto A: If ( Λ, Ω, where ( λ λ λ whch the probablty dstrbutos,,..., Defto A. uppose that ( Λ,,..., s a expermet type, the σ-algebra o λ λ λ are defed s deoted by ( (,,...,, σ Ω.

More information

Generalization of the Dissimilarity Measure of Fuzzy Sets

Generalization of the Dissimilarity Measure of Fuzzy Sets Iteratoal Mathematcal Forum 2 2007 o. 68 3395-3400 Geeralzato of the Dssmlarty Measure of Fuzzy Sets Faramarz Faghh Boformatcs Laboratory Naobotechology Research Ceter vesa Research Isttute CECR Tehra

More information

Maps on Triangular Matrix Algebras

Maps on Triangular Matrix Algebras Maps o ragular Matrx lgebras HMED RMZI SOUROUR Departmet of Mathematcs ad Statstcs Uversty of Vctora Vctora, BC V8W 3P4 CND sourour@mathuvcca bstract We surveys results about somorphsms, Jorda somorphsms,

More information

Lebesgue Measure of Generalized Cantor Set

Lebesgue Measure of Generalized Cantor Set Aals of Pure ad Appled Mathematcs Vol., No.,, -8 ISSN: -8X P), -888ole) Publshed o 8 May www.researchmathsc.org Aals of Lebesgue Measure of Geeralzed ator Set Md. Jahurul Islam ad Md. Shahdul Islam Departmet

More information

Entropy ISSN by MDPI

Entropy ISSN by MDPI Etropy 2003, 5, 233-238 Etropy ISSN 1099-4300 2003 by MDPI www.mdp.org/etropy O the Measure Etropy of Addtve Cellular Automata Hasa Aı Arts ad Sceces Faculty, Departmet of Mathematcs, Harra Uversty; 63100,

More information

18.413: Error Correcting Codes Lab March 2, Lecture 8

18.413: Error Correcting Codes Lab March 2, Lecture 8 18.413: Error Correctg Codes Lab March 2, 2004 Lecturer: Dael A. Spelma Lecture 8 8.1 Vector Spaces A set C {0, 1} s a vector space f for x all C ad y C, x + y C, where we take addto to be compoet wse

More information

Non-uniform Turán-type problems

Non-uniform Turán-type problems Joural of Combatoral Theory, Seres A 111 2005 106 110 wwwelsevercomlocatecta No-uform Turá-type problems DhruvMubay 1, Y Zhao 2 Departmet of Mathematcs, Statstcs, ad Computer Scece, Uversty of Illos at

More information

PTAS for Bin-Packing

PTAS for Bin-Packing CS 663: Patter Matchg Algorthms Scrbe: Che Jag /9/00. Itroducto PTAS for B-Packg The B-Packg problem s NP-hard. If we use approxmato algorthms, the B-Packg problem could be solved polyomal tme. For example,

More information

CHAPTER VI Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

CHAPTER VI Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data Chapter VI Statstcal Aalyss of Expermetal Data CHAPTER VI Statstcal Aalyss of Expermetal Data Measuremets do ot lead to a uque value. Ths s a result of the multtude of errors (maly radom errors) that ca

More information

PROJECTION PROBLEM FOR REGULAR POLYGONS

PROJECTION PROBLEM FOR REGULAR POLYGONS Joural of Mathematcal Sceces: Advaces ad Applcatos Volume, Number, 008, Pages 95-50 PROJECTION PROBLEM FOR REGULAR POLYGONS College of Scece Bejg Forestry Uversty Bejg 0008 P. R. Cha e-mal: sl@bjfu.edu.c

More information

Research Article A New Iterative Method for Common Fixed Points of a Finite Family of Nonexpansive Mappings

Research Article A New Iterative Method for Common Fixed Points of a Finite Family of Nonexpansive Mappings Hdaw Publshg Corporato Iteratoal Joural of Mathematcs ad Mathematcal Sceces Volume 009, Artcle ID 391839, 9 pages do:10.1155/009/391839 Research Artcle A New Iteratve Method for Commo Fxed Pots of a Fte

More information

Complete Convergence and Some Maximal Inequalities for Weighted Sums of Random Variables

Complete Convergence and Some Maximal Inequalities for Weighted Sums of Random Variables Joural of Sceces, Islamc Republc of Ira 8(4): -6 (007) Uversty of Tehra, ISSN 06-04 http://sceces.ut.ac.r Complete Covergece ad Some Maxmal Iequaltes for Weghted Sums of Radom Varables M. Am,,* H.R. Nl

More information

A Study on Generalized Generalized Quasi hyperbolic Kac Moody algebra QHGGH of rank 10

A Study on Generalized Generalized Quasi hyperbolic Kac Moody algebra QHGGH of rank 10 Global Joural of Mathematcal Sceces: Theory ad Practcal. ISSN 974-3 Volume 9, Number 3 (7), pp. 43-4 Iteratoal Research Publcato House http://www.rphouse.com A Study o Geeralzed Geeralzed Quas (9) hyperbolc

More information

E be a set of parameters. A pair FE, is called a soft. A and GB, over X is the soft set HC,, and GB, over X is the soft set HC,, where.

E be a set of parameters. A pair FE, is called a soft. A and GB, over X is the soft set HC,, and GB, over X is the soft set HC,, where. The Exteso of Sgular Homology o the Category of Soft Topologcal Spaces Sad Bayramov Leoard Mdzarshvl Cgdem Guduz (Aras) Departmet of Mathematcs Kafkas Uversty Kars 3600-Turkey Departmet of Mathematcs Georga

More information

INTEGRATION THEORY AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS MM-501

INTEGRATION THEORY AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS MM-501 INTEGRATION THEORY AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS M.A./M.Sc. Mathematcs (Fal) MM-50 Drectorate of Dstace Educato Maharsh Dayaad Uversty ROHTAK 4 00 Copyrght 004, Maharsh Dayaad Uversty, ROHTAK All Rghts Reserved.

More information

Strong Convergence of Weighted Averaged Approximants of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces without Uniform Convexity

Strong Convergence of Weighted Averaged Approximants of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces without Uniform Convexity BULLETIN of the MALAYSIAN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SOCIETY Bull. Malays. Math. Sc. Soc. () 7 (004), 5 35 Strog Covergece of Weghted Averaged Appromats of Asymptotcally Noepasve Mappgs Baach Spaces wthout

More information

Q-analogue of a Linear Transformation Preserving Log-concavity

Q-analogue of a Linear Transformation Preserving Log-concavity Iteratoal Joural of Algebra, Vol. 1, 2007, o. 2, 87-94 Q-aalogue of a Lear Trasformato Preservg Log-cocavty Daozhog Luo Departmet of Mathematcs, Huaqao Uversty Quazhou, Fua 362021, P. R. Cha ldzblue@163.com

More information

On Some Covering Properties of B-open sets

On Some Covering Properties of B-open sets O Some Coverg Propertes of B-ope sets Belal k Narat Appled Sceces Prvate verst Amma-Jorda Astract I ths paper we troduce ad stud the cocepts of -ope set, -cotuous fuctos, the we also stud the cocepts of

More information

A Remark on the Uniform Convergence of Some Sequences of Functions

A Remark on the Uniform Convergence of Some Sequences of Functions Advaces Pure Mathematcs 05 5 57-533 Publshed Ole July 05 ScRes. http://www.scrp.org/joural/apm http://dx.do.org/0.436/apm.05.59048 A Remark o the Uform Covergece of Some Sequeces of Fuctos Guy Degla Isttut

More information

2. Independence and Bernoulli Trials

2. Independence and Bernoulli Trials . Ideedece ad Beroull Trals Ideedece: Evets ad B are deedet f B B. - It s easy to show that, B deedet mles, B;, B are all deedet ars. For examle, ad so that B or B B B B B φ,.e., ad B are deedet evets.,

More information

Dice Similarity Measure between Single Valued Neutrosophic Multisets and Its Application in Medical. Diagnosis

Dice Similarity Measure between Single Valued Neutrosophic Multisets and Its Application in Medical. Diagnosis Neutrosophc Sets ad Systems, Vol. 6, 04 48 Dce Smlarty Measure betwee Sgle Valued Neutrosophc Multsets ad ts pplcato Medcal Dagoss Sha Ye ad Ju Ye Tasha Commuty Health Servce Ceter. 9 Hur rdge, Yuecheg

More information

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 9, September ISSN

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 9, September ISSN Iteratoal Joural of dvacemets Research & Techology, Volume 3, Issue 9, September -2014 8 Topologcal Propertes o Measure space(r, T wth Measure codto S. C. P. Halakatt 1 ad H. G. Halol 2 1 Departmet of

More information

On L- Fuzzy Sets. T. Rama Rao, Ch. Prabhakara Rao, Dawit Solomon And Derso Abeje.

On L- Fuzzy Sets. T. Rama Rao, Ch. Prabhakara Rao, Dawit Solomon And Derso Abeje. Iteratoal Joural of Fuzzy Mathematcs ad Systems. ISSN 2248-9940 Volume 3, Number 5 (2013), pp. 375-379 Research Ida Publcatos http://www.rpublcato.com O L- Fuzzy Sets T. Rama Rao, Ch. Prabhakara Rao, Dawt

More information

1 Onto functions and bijections Applications to Counting

1 Onto functions and bijections Applications to Counting 1 Oto fuctos ad bectos Applcatos to Coutg Now we move o to a ew topc. Defto 1.1 (Surecto. A fucto f : A B s sad to be surectve or oto f for each b B there s some a A so that f(a B. What are examples of

More information

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOFT COMPACT SPACES BASED ON SOFT FILTER

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOFT COMPACT SPACES BASED ON SOFT FILTER CHRCTERIZTION O SOT COMPCT SPCES BSED ON SOT ILTER 1,2 PEI WNG, 1 JILI HE 1 Departmet of Mathematcs ad Iformato Scece, Yul Normal versty, Yul, Guagx, 537000, PRCha 2 School of Mathematcs ad Iformato Scece;

More information

. The set of these sums. be a partition of [ ab, ]. Consider the sum f( x) f( x 1)

. The set of these sums. be a partition of [ ab, ]. Consider the sum f( x) f( x 1) Chapter 7 Fuctos o Bouded Varato. Subject: Real Aalyss Level: M.Sc. Source: Syed Gul Shah (Charma, Departmet o Mathematcs, US Sargodha Collected & Composed by: Atq ur Rehma (atq@mathcty.org, http://www.mathcty.org

More information

Unit 9. The Tangent Bundle

Unit 9. The Tangent Bundle Ut 9. The Taget Budle ========================================================================================== ---------- The taget sace of a submafold of R, detfcato of taget vectors wth dervatos at

More information

Extend the Borel-Cantelli Lemma to Sequences of. Non-Independent Random Variables

Extend the Borel-Cantelli Lemma to Sequences of. Non-Independent Random Variables ppled Mathematcal Sceces, Vol 4, 00, o 3, 637-64 xted the Borel-Catell Lemma to Sequeces of No-Idepedet Radom Varables olah Der Departmet of Statstc, Scece ad Research Campus zad Uversty of Tehra-Ira der53@gmalcom

More information

Several Trigonometric Hamming Similarity Measures of Rough Neutrosophic Sets and their Applications in Decision Making

Several Trigonometric Hamming Similarity Measures of Rough Neutrosophic Sets and their Applications in Decision Making New Tres Neutrosophc Theory a pplcatos KLYN MONDL 1 URPTI PRMNIK 2* FLORENTIN MRNDCHE 3 1 Departmet of Mathematcs Jaavpur Uversty West egal Ia Emal:kalyamathematc@gmalcom ² Departmet of Mathematcs Naalal

More information

Chapter 9 Jordan Block Matrices

Chapter 9 Jordan Block Matrices Chapter 9 Jorda Block atrces I ths chapter we wll solve the followg problem. Gve a lear operator T fd a bass R of F such that the matrx R (T) s as smple as possble. f course smple s a matter of taste.

More information

The Lie Algebra of Smooth Sections of a T-bundle

The Lie Algebra of Smooth Sections of a T-bundle IST Iteratoal Joural of Egeerg Scece, Vol 7, No3-4, 6, Page 8-85 The Le Algera of Smooth Sectos of a T-udle Nadafhah ad H R Salm oghaddam Astract: I ths artcle, we geeralze the cocept of the Le algera

More information

Exercises for Square-Congruence Modulo n ver 11

Exercises for Square-Congruence Modulo n ver 11 Exercses for Square-Cogruece Modulo ver Let ad ab,.. Mark True or False. a. 3S 30 b. 3S 90 c. 3S 3 d. 3S 4 e. 4S f. 5S g. 0S 55 h. 8S 57. 9S 58 j. S 76 k. 6S 304 l. 47S 5347. Fd the equvalece classes duced

More information

Chapter 5 Properties of a Random Sample

Chapter 5 Properties of a Random Sample Lecture 6 o BST 63: Statstcal Theory I Ku Zhag, /0/008 Revew for the prevous lecture Cocepts: t-dstrbuto, F-dstrbuto Theorems: Dstrbutos of sample mea ad sample varace, relatoshp betwee sample mea ad sample

More information

Ideal multigrades with trigonometric coefficients

Ideal multigrades with trigonometric coefficients Ideal multgrades wth trgoometrc coeffcets Zarathustra Brady December 13, 010 1 The problem A (, k) multgrade s defed as a par of dstct sets of tegers such that (a 1,..., a ; b 1,..., b ) a j = =1 for all

More information

Lecture 3 Probability review (cont d)

Lecture 3 Probability review (cont d) STATS 00: Itroducto to Statstcal Iferece Autum 06 Lecture 3 Probablty revew (cot d) 3. Jot dstrbutos If radom varables X,..., X k are depedet, the ther dstrbuto may be specfed by specfyg the dvdual dstrbuto

More information

MATH 247/Winter Notes on the adjoint and on normal operators.

MATH 247/Winter Notes on the adjoint and on normal operators. MATH 47/Wter 00 Notes o the adjot ad o ormal operators I these otes, V s a fte dmesoal er product space over, wth gve er * product uv, T, S, T, are lear operators o V U, W are subspaces of V Whe we say

More information

Investigating Cellular Automata

Investigating Cellular Automata Researcher: Taylor Dupuy Advsor: Aaro Wootto Semester: Fall 4 Ivestgatg Cellular Automata A Overvew of Cellular Automata: Cellular Automata are smple computer programs that geerate rows of black ad whte

More information

Some Notes on the Probability Space of Statistical Surveys

Some Notes on the Probability Space of Statistical Surveys Metodološk zvezk, Vol. 7, No., 200, 7-2 ome Notes o the Probablty pace of tatstcal urveys George Petrakos Abstract Ths paper troduces a formal presetato of samplg process usg prcples ad cocepts from Probablty

More information

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-5(8), 2014, Available online through ISSN

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-5(8), 2014, Available online through   ISSN Iteratoal Joural of Mathematcal Archve-5(8) 204 25-29 Avalable ole through www.jma.fo ISSN 2229 5046 COMMON FIXED POINT OF GENERALIZED CONTRACTION MAPPING IN FUZZY METRIC SPACES Hamd Mottagh Golsha* ad

More information

ON THE LOGARITHMIC INTEGRAL

ON THE LOGARITHMIC INTEGRAL Hacettepe Joural of Mathematcs ad Statstcs Volume 39(3) (21), 393 41 ON THE LOGARITHMIC INTEGRAL Bra Fsher ad Bljaa Jolevska-Tueska Receved 29:9 :29 : Accepted 2 :3 :21 Abstract The logarthmc tegral l(x)

More information

Functions of Random Variables

Functions of Random Variables Fuctos of Radom Varables Chapter Fve Fuctos of Radom Varables 5. Itroducto A geeral egeerg aalyss model s show Fg. 5.. The model output (respose) cotas the performaces of a system or product, such as weght,

More information

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS Course Project: Classcal Mechacs (PHY 40) Suja Dabholkar (Y430) Sul Yeshwath (Y444). Itroducto Hamltoa mechacs s geometry phase space. It deals

More information

Introduction to Probability

Introduction to Probability Itroducto to Probablty Nader H Bshouty Departmet of Computer Scece Techo 32000 Israel e-mal: bshouty@cstechoacl 1 Combatorcs 11 Smple Rules I Combatorcs The rule of sum says that the umber of ways to choose

More information

Prime and Semi Prime Subbi-Semi Modules of (R, R) Partial Bi-Semi Modules 1

Prime and Semi Prime Subbi-Semi Modules of (R, R) Partial Bi-Semi Modules 1 Vol 5, o 9 September 04 ISS 079-8407 Joural of Emergg Treds Computg ad Iformato Sceces 009-04 CIS Joural All rghts reserved http://wwwcsouralorg Prme ad Sem Prme Subb-Sem Modules of (R, R) Partal B-Sem

More information

1 Lyapunov Stability Theory

1 Lyapunov Stability Theory Lyapuov Stablty heory I ths secto we cosder proofs of stablty of equlbra of autoomous systems. hs s stadard theory for olear systems, ad oe of the most mportat tools the aalyss of olear systems. It may

More information

Galois and Post Algebras of Compositions (Superpositions)

Galois and Post Algebras of Compositions (Superpositions) Pure ad Appled Mathematcs Joural 07; 6(): -9 http://www.scecepublshggroup.com/j/pamj do: 0.68/j.pamj.07060. IN: 6-9790 (Prt); IN: 6-98 (Ole) Galos ad Post Algebras of Compostos (uperpostos) Maydm Malkov

More information

Packing of graphs with small product of sizes

Packing of graphs with small product of sizes Joural of Combatoral Theory, Seres B 98 (008) 4 45 www.elsever.com/locate/jctb Note Packg of graphs wth small product of szes Alexadr V. Kostochka a,b,,gexyu c, a Departmet of Mathematcs, Uversty of Illos,

More information

13. Dedekind Domains. 13. Dedekind Domains 117

13. Dedekind Domains. 13. Dedekind Domains 117 3. Dedekd Domas 7 3. Dedekd Domas I the last chapter we have maly studed -dmesoal regular local rgs,. e. geometrcally the local propertes of smooth pots o curves. We ow wat to patch these local results

More information

Chapter 4 (Part 1): Non-Parametric Classification (Sections ) Pattern Classification 4.3) Announcements

Chapter 4 (Part 1): Non-Parametric Classification (Sections ) Pattern Classification 4.3) Announcements Aoucemets No-Parametrc Desty Estmato Techques HW assged Most of ths lecture was o the blacboard. These sldes cover the same materal as preseted DHS Bometrcs CSE 90-a Lecture 7 CSE90a Fall 06 CSE90a Fall

More information

THE PROBABILISTIC STABILITY FOR THE GAMMA FUNCTIONAL EQUATION

THE PROBABILISTIC STABILITY FOR THE GAMMA FUNCTIONAL EQUATION Joural of Scece ad Arts Year 12, No. 3(2), pp. 297-32, 212 ORIGINAL AER THE ROBABILISTIC STABILITY FOR THE GAMMA FUNCTIONAL EQUATION DOREL MIHET 1, CLAUDIA ZAHARIA 1 Mauscrpt receved: 3.6.212; Accepted

More information

Analyzing Fuzzy System Reliability Using Vague Set Theory

Analyzing Fuzzy System Reliability Using Vague Set Theory Iteratoal Joural of Appled Scece ad Egeerg 2003., : 82-88 Aalyzg Fuzzy System Relablty sg Vague Set Theory Shy-Mg Che Departmet of Computer Scece ad Iformato Egeerg, Natoal Tawa versty of Scece ad Techology,

More information

On Eccentricity Sum Eigenvalue and Eccentricity Sum Energy of a Graph

On Eccentricity Sum Eigenvalue and Eccentricity Sum Energy of a Graph Aals of Pure ad Appled Mathematcs Vol. 3, No., 7, -3 ISSN: 79-87X (P, 79-888(ole Publshed o 3 March 7 www.researchmathsc.org DOI: http://dx.do.org/.7/apam.3a Aals of O Eccetrcty Sum Egealue ad Eccetrcty

More information

The Primitive Idempotents in

The Primitive Idempotents in Iteratoal Joural of Algebra, Vol, 00, o 5, 3 - The Prmtve Idempotets FC - I Kulvr gh Departmet of Mathematcs, H College r Jwa Nagar (rsa)-5075, Ida kulvrsheora@yahoocom K Arora Departmet of Mathematcs,

More information

Bounds for the Connective Eccentric Index

Bounds for the Connective Eccentric Index It. J. Cotemp. Math. Sceces, Vol. 7, 0, o. 44, 6-66 Bouds for the Coectve Eccetrc Idex Nlaja De Departmet of Basc Scece, Humates ad Socal Scece (Mathematcs Calcutta Isttute of Egeerg ad Maagemet Kolkata,

More information

02/15/04 INTERESTING FINITE AND INFINITE PRODUCTS FROM SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES

02/15/04 INTERESTING FINITE AND INFINITE PRODUCTS FROM SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES 0/5/04 ITERESTIG FIITE AD IFIITE PRODUCTS FROM SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC IDETITIES Thomas J Osler Mathematcs Departmet Rowa Uversty Glassboro J 0808 Osler@rowaedu Itroducto The dfferece of two squares, y = + y

More information

4 Inner Product Spaces

4 Inner Product Spaces 11.MH1 LINEAR ALGEBRA Summary Notes 4 Ier Product Spaces Ier product s the abstracto to geeral vector spaces of the famlar dea of the scalar product of two vectors or 3. I what follows, keep these key

More information

On Submanifolds of an Almost r-paracontact Riemannian Manifold Endowed with a Quarter Symmetric Metric Connection

On Submanifolds of an Almost r-paracontact Riemannian Manifold Endowed with a Quarter Symmetric Metric Connection Theoretcal Mathematcs & Applcatos vol. 4 o. 4 04-7 ISS: 79-9687 prt 79-9709 ole Scepress Ltd 04 O Submafolds of a Almost r-paracotact emaa Mafold Edowed wth a Quarter Symmetrc Metrc Coecto Mob Ahmad Abdullah.

More information

A New Method for Solving Fuzzy Linear. Programming by Solving Linear Programming

A New Method for Solving Fuzzy Linear. Programming by Solving Linear Programming ppled Matheatcal Sceces Vol 008 o 50 7-80 New Method for Solvg Fuzzy Lear Prograg by Solvg Lear Prograg S H Nasser a Departet of Matheatcs Faculty of Basc Sceces Mazadara Uversty Babolsar Ira b The Research

More information

Solving Constrained Flow-Shop Scheduling. Problems with Three Machines

Solving Constrained Flow-Shop Scheduling. Problems with Three Machines It J Cotemp Math Sceces, Vol 5, 2010, o 19, 921-929 Solvg Costraed Flow-Shop Schedulg Problems wth Three Maches P Pada ad P Rajedra Departmet of Mathematcs, School of Advaced Sceces, VIT Uversty, Vellore-632

More information

X ε ) = 0, or equivalently, lim

X ε ) = 0, or equivalently, lim Revew for the prevous lecture Cocepts: order statstcs Theorems: Dstrbutos of order statstcs Examples: How to get the dstrbuto of order statstcs Chapter 5 Propertes of a Radom Sample Secto 55 Covergece

More information

A tighter lower bound on the circuit size of the hardest Boolean functions

A tighter lower bound on the circuit size of the hardest Boolean functions Electroc Colloquum o Computatoal Complexty, Report No. 86 2011) A tghter lower boud o the crcut sze of the hardest Boolea fuctos Masak Yamamoto Abstract I [IPL2005], Fradse ad Mlterse mproved bouds o the

More information

Analysis of Lagrange Interpolation Formula

Analysis of Lagrange Interpolation Formula P IJISET - Iteratoal Joural of Iovatve Scece, Egeerg & Techology, Vol. Issue, December 4. www.jset.com ISS 348 7968 Aalyss of Lagrage Iterpolato Formula Vjay Dahya PDepartmet of MathematcsMaharaja Surajmal

More information

GENERALIZATIONS OF CEVA S THEOREM AND APPLICATIONS

GENERALIZATIONS OF CEVA S THEOREM AND APPLICATIONS GENERLIZTIONS OF CEV S THEOREM ND PPLICTIONS Floret Smaradache Uversty of New Mexco 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, US E-mal: smarad@um.edu I these paragraphs oe presets three geeralzatos of the famous

More information

L5 Polynomial / Spline Curves

L5 Polynomial / Spline Curves L5 Polyomal / Sple Curves Cotets Coc sectos Polyomal Curves Hermte Curves Bezer Curves B-Sples No-Uform Ratoal B-Sples (NURBS) Mapulato ad Represetato of Curves Types of Curve Equatos Implct: Descrbe a

More information

Square Difference Labeling Of Some Path, Fan and Gear Graphs

Square Difference Labeling Of Some Path, Fan and Gear Graphs Iteratoal Joural of Scetfc & Egeerg Research Volume 4, Issue3, March-03 ISSN 9-558 Square Dfferece Labelg Of Some Path, Fa ad Gear Graphs J.Shama Assstat Professor Departmet of Mathematcs CMS College of

More information

An Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc. Research on scheme evaluation method of automation mechatronic systems

An Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc. Research on scheme evaluation method of automation mechatronic systems [ype text] [ype text] [ype text] ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 0 Issue 6 Boechology 204 Ida Joural FULL PPER BIJ, 0(6, 204 [927-9275] Research o scheme evaluato method of automato mechatroc systems BSRC Che

More information

Design maintenanceand reliability of engineering systems: a probability based approach

Design maintenanceand reliability of engineering systems: a probability based approach Desg mateaead relablty of egeerg systems: a probablty based approah CHPTER 2. BSIC SET THEORY 2.1 Bas deftos Sets are the bass o whh moder probablty theory s defed. set s a well-defed olleto of objets.

More information

Complete Convergence for Weighted Sums of Arrays of Rowwise Asymptotically Almost Negative Associated Random Variables

Complete Convergence for Weighted Sums of Arrays of Rowwise Asymptotically Almost Negative Associated Random Variables A^VÇÚO 1 32 ò 1 5 Ï 2016 c 10 Chese Joural of Appled Probablty ad Statstcs Oct., 2016, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 489-498 do: 10.3969/j.ss.1001-4268.2016.05.005 Complete Covergece for Weghted Sums of Arrays of

More information

= lim. (x 1 x 2... x n ) 1 n. = log. x i. = M, n

= lim. (x 1 x 2... x n ) 1 n. = log. x i. = M, n .. Soluto of Problem. M s obvously cotuous o ], [ ad ], [. Observe that M x,..., x ) M x,..., x ) )..) We ext show that M s odecreasg o ], [. Of course.) mles that M s odecreasg o ], [ as well. To show

More information

SUBCLASS OF HARMONIC UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SALAGEAN DERIVATIVE. Sayali S. Joshi

SUBCLASS OF HARMONIC UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SALAGEAN DERIVATIVE. Sayali S. Joshi Faculty of Sceces ad Matheatcs, Uversty of Nš, Serba Avalable at: http://wwwpfacyu/float Float 3:3 (009), 303 309 DOI:098/FIL0903303J SUBCLASS OF ARMONIC UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WIT SALAGEAN DERIVATIVE

More information

Vapnik Chervonenkis classes

Vapnik Chervonenkis classes Vapk Chervoeks classes Maxm Ragsky September 23, 2014 A key result o the ERM algorthm, proved the prevous lecture, was that P( f ) L (F ) + 4ER (F (Z )) + 2log(1/δ) wth probablty at least 1 δ. The quatty

More information

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-3(12), 2012, Available online through ISSN

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-3(12), 2012, Available online through   ISSN teratoal Joural of Matheatal Arhve-3(2) 22 4789-4796 Avalable ole through www.ja.fo SSN 2229 546 g-quas FH-losed spaes ad g-quas CH-losed spaes Sr. Paule Mary Hele Assoate Professor Nrala College Cobatore

More information

A Characterization of Jacobson Radical in Γ-Banach Algebras

A Characterization of Jacobson Radical in Γ-Banach Algebras Advaces Pure Matheatcs 43-48 http://dxdoorg/436/ap66 Publshed Ole Noveber (http://wwwscrporg/joural/ap) A Characterzato of Jacobso Radcal Γ-Baach Algebras Nlash Goswa Departet of Matheatcs Gauhat Uversty

More information

A New Measure of Probabilistic Entropy. and its Properties

A New Measure of Probabilistic Entropy. and its Properties Appled Mathematcal Sceces, Vol. 4, 200, o. 28, 387-394 A New Measure of Probablstc Etropy ad ts Propertes Rajeesh Kumar Departmet of Mathematcs Kurukshetra Uversty Kurukshetra, Ida rajeesh_kuk@redffmal.com

More information

Estimation of Stress- Strength Reliability model using finite mixture of exponential distributions

Estimation of Stress- Strength Reliability model using finite mixture of exponential distributions Iteratoal Joural of Computatoal Egeerg Research Vol, 0 Issue, Estmato of Stress- Stregth Relablty model usg fte mxture of expoetal dstrbutos K.Sadhya, T.S.Umamaheswar Departmet of Mathematcs, Lal Bhadur

More information

Summary of the lecture in Biostatistics

Summary of the lecture in Biostatistics Summary of the lecture Bostatstcs Probablty Desty Fucto For a cotuos radom varable, a probablty desty fucto s a fucto such that: 0 dx a b) b a dx A probablty desty fucto provdes a smple descrpto of the

More information

Arithmetic Mean and Geometric Mean

Arithmetic Mean and Geometric Mean Acta Mathematca Ntresa Vol, No, p 43 48 ISSN 453-6083 Arthmetc Mea ad Geometrc Mea Mare Varga a * Peter Mchalča b a Departmet of Mathematcs, Faculty of Natural Sceces, Costate the Phlosopher Uversty Ntra,

More information

MAX-MIN AND MIN-MAX VALUES OF VARIOUS MEASURES OF FUZZY DIVERGENCE

MAX-MIN AND MIN-MAX VALUES OF VARIOUS MEASURES OF FUZZY DIVERGENCE merca Jr of Mathematcs ad Sceces Vol, No,(Jauary 0) Copyrght Md Reader Publcatos wwwjouralshubcom MX-MIN ND MIN-MX VLUES OF VRIOUS MESURES OF FUZZY DIVERGENCE RKTul Departmet of Mathematcs SSM College

More information

Bivariate Vieta-Fibonacci and Bivariate Vieta-Lucas Polynomials

Bivariate Vieta-Fibonacci and Bivariate Vieta-Lucas Polynomials IOSR Joural of Mathematcs (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 78-78, p-issn: 19-76X. Volume 1, Issue Ver. II (Jul. - Aug.016), PP -0 www.osrjourals.org Bvarate Veta-Fboacc ad Bvarate Veta-Lucas Polomals E. Gokce KOCER 1

More information

Uniform asymptotical stability of almost periodic solution of a discrete multispecies Lotka-Volterra competition system

Uniform asymptotical stability of almost periodic solution of a discrete multispecies Lotka-Volterra competition system Iteratoal Joural of Egeerg ad Advaced Research Techology (IJEART) ISSN: 2454-9290, Volume-2, Issue-1, Jauary 2016 Uform asymptotcal stablty of almost perodc soluto of a dscrete multspeces Lotka-Volterra

More information

On generalized fuzzy mean code word lengths. Department of Mathematics, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India

On generalized fuzzy mean code word lengths. Department of Mathematics, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India merca Joural of ppled Mathematcs 04; (4): 7-34 Publshed ole ugust 30, 04 (http://www.scecepublshggroup.com//aam) do: 0.648/.aam.04004.3 ISSN: 330-0043 (Prt); ISSN: 330-006X (Ole) O geeralzed fuzzy mea

More information

Correlation coefficients of simplified neutrosophic sets and their. multiple attribute decision-making method

Correlation coefficients of simplified neutrosophic sets and their. multiple attribute decision-making method Mauscrpt Clck here to ve lked Refereces Correlato coeffcets of smplfed eutrosophc sets ad ther multple attrbute decso-makg method Ju Ye Departmet of Electrcal ad formato Egeerg Shaog Uversty 508 Huacheg

More information

Factorization of Finite Abelian Groups

Factorization of Finite Abelian Groups Iteratoal Joural of Algebra, Vol 6, 0, o 3, 0-07 Factorzato of Fte Abela Grous Khald Am Uversty of Bahra Deartmet of Mathematcs PO Box 3038 Sakhr, Bahra kamee@uobedubh Abstract If G s a fte abela grou

More information

UNIT 2 SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS

UNIT 2 SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS Numercal Computg -I UNIT SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS Structure Page Nos..0 Itroducto 6. Objectves 7. Ital Approxmato to a Root 7. Bsecto Method 8.. Error Aalyss 9.4 Regula Fals Method

More information

Further Results on Pair Sum Labeling of Trees

Further Results on Pair Sum Labeling of Trees Appled Mathematcs 0 70-7 do:046/am0077 Publshed Ole October 0 (http://wwwscrporg/joural/am) Further Results o Par Sum Labelg of Trees Abstract Raja Poraj Jeyaraj Vjaya Xaver Parthpa Departmet of Mathematcs

More information

On the Primitive Classes of K * KHALED S. FELALI Department of Mathematical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia

On the Primitive Classes of K * KHALED S. FELALI Department of Mathematical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia JKAU: Sc., O vol. the Prmtve, pp. 55-62 Classes (49 of A.H. K (BU) / 999 A.D.) * 55 O the Prmtve Classes of K * (BU) KHALED S. FELALI Departmet of Mathematcal Sceces, Umm Al-Qura Uversty, Makkah Al-Mukarramah,

More information

On the construction of symmetric nonnegative matrix with prescribed Ritz values

On the construction of symmetric nonnegative matrix with prescribed Ritz values Joural of Lear ad Topologcal Algebra Vol. 3, No., 14, 61-66 O the costructo of symmetrc oegatve matrx wth prescrbed Rtz values A. M. Nazar a, E. Afshar b a Departmet of Mathematcs, Arak Uversty, P.O. Box

More information

A New Method for Decision Making Based on Soft Matrix Theory

A New Method for Decision Making Based on Soft Matrix Theory Joural of Scetfc esearch & eports 3(5): 0-7, 04; rtcle o. JS.04.5.00 SCIENCEDOMIN teratoal www.scecedoma.org New Method for Decso Mag Based o Soft Matrx Theory Zhmg Zhag * College of Mathematcs ad Computer

More information

Research Article Multidimensional Hilbert-Type Inequalities with a Homogeneous Kernel

Research Article Multidimensional Hilbert-Type Inequalities with a Homogeneous Kernel Hdaw Publshg Corporato Joural of Iequaltes ad Applcatos Volume 29, Artcle ID 3958, 2 pages do:.55/29/3958 Research Artcle Multdmesoal Hlbert-Type Iequaltes wth a Homogeeous Kerel Predrag Vuovć Faculty

More information

Cubic Nonpolynomial Spline Approach to the Solution of a Second Order Two-Point Boundary Value Problem

Cubic Nonpolynomial Spline Approach to the Solution of a Second Order Two-Point Boundary Value Problem Joural of Amerca Scece ;6( Cubc Nopolyomal Sple Approach to the Soluto of a Secod Order Two-Pot Boudary Value Problem W.K. Zahra, F.A. Abd El-Salam, A.A. El-Sabbagh ad Z.A. ZAk * Departmet of Egeerg athematcs

More information

ρ < 1 be five real numbers. The

ρ < 1 be five real numbers. The Lecture o BST 63: Statstcal Theory I Ku Zhag, /0/006 Revew for the prevous lecture Deftos: covarace, correlato Examples: How to calculate covarace ad correlato Theorems: propertes of correlato ad covarace

More information

The Necessarily Efficient Point Method for Interval Molp Problems

The Necessarily Efficient Point Method for Interval Molp Problems ISS 6-69 Eglad K Joural of Iformato ad omputg Scece Vol. o. 9 pp. - The ecessarly Effcet Pot Method for Iterval Molp Problems Hassa Mshmast eh ad Marzeh Alezhad + Mathematcs Departmet versty of Ssta ad

More information

F. Inequalities. HKAL Pure Mathematics. 進佳數學團隊 Dr. Herbert Lam 林康榮博士. [Solution] Example Basic properties

F. Inequalities. HKAL Pure Mathematics. 進佳數學團隊 Dr. Herbert Lam 林康榮博士. [Solution] Example Basic properties 進佳數學團隊 Dr. Herbert Lam 林康榮博士 HKAL Pure Mathematcs F. Ieualtes. Basc propertes Theorem Let a, b, c be real umbers. () If a b ad b c, the a c. () If a b ad c 0, the ac bc, but f a b ad c 0, the ac bc. Theorem

More information

Lecture 1. (Part II) The number of ways of partitioning n distinct objects into k distinct groups containing n 1,

Lecture 1. (Part II) The number of ways of partitioning n distinct objects into k distinct groups containing n 1, Lecture (Part II) Materals Covered Ths Lecture: Chapter 2 (2.6 --- 2.0) The umber of ways of parttog dstct obects to dstct groups cotag, 2,, obects, respectvely, where each obect appears exactly oe group

More information

{ }{ ( )} (, ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) Chapter 14 Exercises in Sampling Theory. Exercise 1 (Simple random sampling): Solution:

{ }{ ( )} (, ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) Chapter 14 Exercises in Sampling Theory. Exercise 1 (Simple random sampling): Solution: Chapter 4 Exercses Samplg Theory Exercse (Smple radom samplg: Let there be two correlated radom varables X ad A sample of sze s draw from a populato by smple radom samplg wthout replacemet The observed

More information

The internal structure of natural numbers, one method for the definition of large prime numbers, and a factorization test

The internal structure of natural numbers, one method for the definition of large prime numbers, and a factorization test Fal verso The teral structure of atural umbers oe method for the defto of large prme umbers ad a factorzato test Emmaul Maousos APM Isttute for the Advacemet of Physcs ad Mathematcs 3 Poulou str. 53 Athes

More information

Algorithms Theory, Solution for Assignment 2

Algorithms Theory, Solution for Assignment 2 Juor-Prof. Dr. Robert Elsässer, Marco Muñz, Phllp Hedegger WS 2009/200 Algorthms Theory, Soluto for Assgmet 2 http://lak.formatk.u-freburg.de/lak_teachg/ws09_0/algo090.php Exercse 2. - Fast Fourer Trasform

More information

Chapter 3 Sampling For Proportions and Percentages

Chapter 3 Sampling For Proportions and Percentages Chapter 3 Samplg For Proportos ad Percetages I may stuatos, the characterstc uder study o whch the observatos are collected are qualtatve ature For example, the resposes of customers may marketg surveys

More information

Some identities involving the partial sum of q-binomial coefficients

Some identities involving the partial sum of q-binomial coefficients Some dettes volvg the partal sum of -bomal coeffcets Bg He Departmet of Mathematcs, Shagha Key Laboratory of PMMP East Cha Normal Uversty 500 Dogchua Road, Shagha 20024, People s Republc of Cha yuhe00@foxmal.com

More information

ONE GENERALIZED INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON THE TRIANGLE

ONE GENERALIZED INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON THE TRIANGLE Joural of Pure ad Appled Mathematcs: Advaces ad Applcatos Volume 4 Number 205 Pages 77-87 Avalable at http://scetfcadvaces.co. DOI: http://.do.org/0.8642/jpamaa_7002534 ONE GENERALIZED INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX

More information