STEEL BUILDINGS IN EUROPE. Multi-Storey Steel Buildings Part 5: Joint Design

Transcription

1 STEEL BUILDINGS IN EUROPE Multi-Story Stl Buildings Part 5: Joint Dsign.

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3 Multi-Story Stl Buildings Part 5: Joint Dsign

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5 FOREWORD This ulication is art iv o a dsign guid, Multi-Story Stl Buildings. Th arts in th Multi-Story Stl Buildings guid ar: Part : rchitct s guid Part : Conct dsign Part 3: ctions Part 4: Dtaild dsign Part 5: Joint dsign Part 6: Fir Enginring Part 7: Modl construction sciication Part 8: Dsign sotar sction caacity Part 9: Dsign sotar siml connctions Part : Sotar sciication or comosit ams. Multi-Story Stl Buildings is on o to dsign guids. Th scond dsign guid is Singl Story Stl Buildings. Th to dsign guids hav n roducd in th ramork o th Euroan rojct Facilitating th markt dvlomnt or sctions in industrial halls and lo ris uildings (SECHLO) RFS-CT-8-3. Th dsign guids hav n rard undr th dirction o rclor Mittal, Pinr Trägr and Corus. Th tchnical contnt has n rard y CTICM and SCI, collaorating as th Stl llianc. 5 - iii

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7 Contnts FOREWORD SUMMRY Pag No III INTRODUCTION. out this dsign guid. Joint haviour.3 Standardisd joints.4 Tying rsistanc 3.5 Dsign guidanc in this ulication 3.6 Symols 4 PRTIL DEPTH END PLTE 5. Rcommndd dtails 5. Chcks or vrtical shar 6.3 Chcks or tying.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat 4 3 FIN PLTE 3. Rcommndd dtails 3. Chcks or vrtical shar 3.3 Chcks or tying Workd Examl: Fin Plat 38 4 DOUBLE NGLE WEB CLETS 5 4. Rcommndd dtails 5 4. Chcks or vrtical shar Chcks or tying Workd Examl: ngl W Clats 68 5 COLUMN SPLICES (BERING TYPE) Rcommndd dtails Chcks or tnsion Chck or horizontal shar Chcks or vrtical tying Workd Examl Column Slic 93 6 COLUMN BSES 6. Bas lat siz 6. Calculation o c 6.3 Bas lat thicknss Bas lat lds Workd Examl Column as 5 PPENDIX LTERL TORSIONL BUCKLING STRENGTH 8 REFERENCES 9 VII 5 - v

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9 SUMMRY This dsign guid givs th dsign rocdur or siml joints in multi-story uildings according to th Eurocods. Th guid covrs dirnt tys o joints: Bam-to-am and am-to-column joints Partial dth lxil nd lat Fin lat Doul angl clats Column slics Column ass Each dsign rocdur is illustratd y a orkd xaml, using th rcommndd valus givn in th Eurocods. 5 - vii

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11 INTRODUCTION. out this dsign guid This tchnical guid is or dsigning siml joints (nominally innd) or us in racd multi-story uildings, dsignd according to th Eurocods. Dsign rocdurs ar rovidd or: Bam-to-am and am-to-column joints Partial dth lxil nd lats (also knon as hadr lats) Fin lats Doul angl clats Column slics Column ass Th dsign rocdurs start ith rcommndd dtailing ruls (joint gomtry) rquird to nsur ductil haviour, ollod y th chcks or ach stag o th load transition through th comlt joint including lds, lats, olts and th sction s or langs as aroriat. Whilst th Eurocods stalish a common ramork or structural calculations across Euro, structural saty rmains ach country s rsonsiility. For this rason thr ar som aramtrs, calld National Dtrmind Paramtrs (NDP), hich ach country can dcid uon. Ths ar givn in th National nnx (N) documnts, hich comlmnt th cor Eurocods. Hovr th Eurocod givs som rcommndations as to hat valu ach NDP should tak. In dsigning th structur th NDP should takn rom th N rom th country hr th structur is to uilt. In this ulication th rcommndd valus givn in th Eurocod hav n adotd in th orkd xamls. This ulication is comlmntd y a sradsht dsign tool hich allos or NDP or a rang o countris. Th sradsht covrs all th joint tys includd in this ulication and can usd in various languags.. Joint haviour Normal ractic in siml construction is or ams to dsignd as simly suortd and or columns to dsignd or oth th axial comrssion and, hr aroriat, a nominal momnt rom th am nd connctions. In ordr to nsur that th structur havs aroriatly it is ncssary to rovid siml connctions ( nominally innd joints) as dind in EN , 5.. [], in hich th joint may assumd not to transr nding momnts. In othr ords, th joints ossss suicint rotation caacity and suicint ductility. 5

12 Nominally innd joints hav th olloing charactristics:. thy ar assumd to transr only th dsign shar raction tn mmrs. thy ar caal o accting th rsulting rotation 3. thy rovid th dirctional rstraint to mmrs hich has n assumd in th mmr dsign 4. thy hav suicint roustnss to satisy th structural intgrity rquirmnts. EN [] rovids to mthods to classiy joints: stinss and strngth. Classiication y stinss: th initial rotational stinss o th joint, calculatd in accordanc ith Sction 6.3. o EN is comard ith th classiication oundaris givn in Sction 5. o th sam documnt. Classiication y strngth: th olloing to rquirmnts must satisid in ordr to classiy a joint as innd: th momnt rsistanc o th joint dos not xcd 5% o th momnt rsistanc rquird or a ull-strngth joint th joint is caal o accting th rotation rsulting rom th dsign loads. ltrnativly, joints may also classiid asd on xrimntal vidnc, xrinc o rvious satisactory rormanc in similar cass or y calculations asd on tst vidnc. Gnrally, th rquirmnts or nominally innd haviour ar mt y th us o rlativly thin lats, comind ith ull strngth lds. Exrinc and tsting hav dmonstratd that th us o 8 mm or mm nd lats, in lats and angls in S75, ith M 8.8 olts lads to connctions hich hav as nominal ins. I dtails ar chosn outsid ths rcommndd aramtrs, th connction should classiid in accordanc ith EN Standardisd joints In a tyical racd multi-story ram, th joints may account or lss than 5% o th ram ight, ut 3% or mor o th total cost. Eicint joints ill thror hav th lost dtailing, arication and rction laour contnt thy ill not ncssarily th lightst. Us o standardisd joints hr th ittings, olts, lds and gomtry ar ully dind ors th olloing nits: Rducs uying, storag, and handling tim Imrovs availaility and lads to a rduction in matrial costs Savs arication tim and lads to astr rction Lads to a ttr undrstanding o thir rormanc y all sids o th industry 5

13 Lads to r rrors. To tak advantag o ths nits, standardisd joints ar rcommndd in this ulication. summary o th tyical comonnts adotd in this guid is as ollos: Matrial o grad S75 or comonnts such as nd lats and clats M 8.8 ully thradd olts, 6 mm long mm hols, unchd or drilld Fillt lds o 6 mm or 8 mm lg lngth Distanc rom th to o th am to th irst olt ro o 9 mm Vrtical olt sacing (itch) o 7 mm Horizontal olt sacing (gaug) o 9 or 4 mm To o artial dth nd lat, clat or in lat is 5 mm lo th to o th am lang..4 Tying rsistanc Th rquirmnt or suicint tying rsistanc is to saguard th structur against disroortionat collas. Guidanc on th dsign tying orc that a connction must carry is givn in EN nnx []. EN dos not giv any guidanc on ho to calculat th tying rsistanc o joints. Othr authoritativ sourcs [3] rcommnd that th ultimat tnsil strngth ( u ) should usd or calculating th tying rsistanc and th artial actor or tying Mu should takn as,. This valu alis to th dsign rsistanc o all comonnts o th joint: lds, olts, lat and am..5 Dsign guidanc in this ulication In this ulication, dsign chcks ar rsntd ollod in ach cas y a numrical orkd xaml. Th guidanc covrs: artial dth lxil nd lats in lats doul angl clats column slics column ass. In all orkd xamls, th sction hadings corrsond to th hadings in th dsign rocdur rcding ach orkdd xaml. 5 3

14 .6 Symols a d d y, u, y, u, y,ac u,ac u h h h ac n n s n n t t t t ac s is th throat o th illt ld is th radth o th suortd am is th diamtr o th olt is th diamtr o th hol is th yild strngth o th suortd am is th ultimat tnsil strngth o th suortd am is th yild strngth o th lat (nd lat, in lat, lang covr lat, as lat) is th ultimat tnsil strngth o th lat (nd lat, in lat, lang covr lat, as lat) is th yild strngth o th angl clats is th ultimat tnsil strngth o th angl clats is th ultimat tnsil strngth o th olt is th hight o th suortd am is th hight o th lat (nd lat, in lat, lang covr lat) is th hight o th angl clats is th total numr o olts on suortd am sid is th total numr o olts on suorting am sid is th numr o horizontal olt ros is th numr o vrtical olt ros is th lang thicknss o th suortd am is th thicknss o th suortd am is th thicknss o th lat (End lat, Fin lat, Flang covr lat, Bas lat) is th thicknss o th angl clats is th lg lngth o th illt ld M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o cross sction ( M =, is rcommndd in EN 993--) M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o mmrs to instaility assssd y mmr chcks ( M =, is rcommndd in EN 993--) 5 4

15 PRTIL DEPTH END PLTE. Rcommndd dtails h h Lngth o nd lat h,6h (s Not ) Fac o am or column 3 Plat thicknss, t t = mm or mm (s not ) 4 Bolt diamtr, d 5 Hol diamtr, d d = d + mm or d 4 mm d = d + 3 mm or d > 4 mm 6 Gaug; 3, 9 mm 3 4 mm 7 mm claranc 8 5 mm ut (t,s + r s ) and (t + r) 9 Suortd am (singl notchd) (h,s 5 mm) ut (h t r) Suortd am (doul notchd) Suorting am h h,s t t,s r r s is th hight o th suortd am is th hight o th suorting am (i alical) is th thicknss o th lang o th suortd am is th thicknss o th lang o th suorting am (i alical) is th root radius o th suortd am is th root radius o th suorting am (i alical) Nots:. Th nd lat is gnrally ositiond clos to th to lang o th am to rovid adquat ositional rstraint. lat lngth o at last,6h is usually adotd to giv nominal torsional rstraint.. lthough it may ossil to satisy th dsign rquirmnts ith t < 8 mm, it is not rcommndd in ractic caus o th liklihood o distortion during arication and damag during transortation. 5 5

16 . Chcks or vrtical shar.. Shar rsistanc o th am h h h V V V Ed Critical lngth o or shar Ed Ed Shar rsistanc o th am at th nd lat Basic rquirmnt: VEd V c, Rd V c,rd is th dsign shar rsistanc o th suortd am connctd to th nd lat. V c,rd v y, / 3 = V l,rd = M [EN 993--, 6..6()] hr: v is th shar ara, v = h t [Rrnc 8].. Bnding rsistanc at th notch t ln t ln d nt d nt h d n V Ed Critical sction V Ed V Ed (t + l n ) M v,n,rd or M v,dn,rd M v,n,rd isth momnt rsistanc o a singl notchd suortd am at th notch in th rsnc o shar. M v,dn,rd is th momnt rsistanc o a doul notchd suortd am at th notch in th rsnc o shar. 5 6

17 ... For a singl notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,n,rd ) M v,n,rd = y, W M l,n,y For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,n,rd ) M v,n,rd = y, W M l,n,y V Ed Vl,N,Rd... For doul notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,dn,rd ) M v,dn,rd = y, 6 t M ( h d nt d For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,dn,rd ) n ) [Rrnc 4] [Rrnc 4] [Rrnc 4] t V nt n 6 M V y, M v,dn,rd = h d d Ed l,dn,rd [Rrnc 4] V l,n,rd is th shar rsistanc at th notch or singl notchd ams V l,n,rd = v,n v,n 3 y, M t = T t + (t + r) T is th ara o th T sction V l,dn,rd is th shar rsistanc at th notch or doul notchd ams v,dn y, V l,dn,rd = 3 M v,dn = t (h d nt d n ) hr: W l,n,y d nt d n is th lastic modulus o th sction at th notch is th dth o th to notch is th dth o th ottom notch 5 7

18 ..3 Local staility o notchd am l n l n d nt d nt h h d n l n Whn th am is rstraind against latral torsional uckling, no account nds takn o notch staility rovidd th olloing conditions ar mt: For on lang notchd, asic rquirmnt: [5][6] d nt h / and: l n h or h / t 54,3 (S75 stl) l n 6h h / t 3 or h / t > 54,3 (S75 stl) l n h or h / t 48, (S355 stl) l n h h / t 3 or h / t > 48, (S355 stl) For oth langs notchd, asic rquirmnt: [7] max (d nt, d n ) h / 5 and: l n h or h / t 54,3 (S75 stl) 6h h t l n 3 or h / t > 54,3 (S75 stl) l n h or h / t 48, (S355 stl) h h t l n 3 or h / t > 48, (S355 stl) Whr th notch lngth l n xcds ths limits, ithr suital stining should rovidd or th notch should chckd to Rrncs 5, 6 and 7. For S35 and S46 mmrs s Rrncs 5, 6 and

19 ..4 Bolt grou rsistanc Chck ths olts in shar undr concntric load Suorting am 3 Suorting column Basic rquirmnt: V Ed F Rd F Rd is th rsistanc o th olt grou [EN , 3.7()] I (F,Rd ) max F v,rd thn F Rd = F,Rd I (F,Rd ) min F v,rd (F,Rd ) max thn F Rd = n s (F,Rd ) min I F v,rd < (F,Rd ) min thn F Rd =,8n s F v,rd..4. Shar rsistanc o olts F v,rd is th shar rsistanc o on olt v u F v,rd = M hr: v =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts M is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s is th artial actor or rsistanc o olts [EN , Tal 3.4]..4. Baring rsistanc F,Rd = hr: M k u, M dt is th artial actor or lat in aring For nd olts (aralll to th dirction o load transr) = min u ; ;, 3d u, [EN Tal 3.4] 5 9

20 For innr olts (aralll to th dirction o load transr) = min u ; ;, 3d 4 u, For dg olts (rndicular to th dirction o load transr) k = min,8,7;, 5 d For innr olts (rndicular to th dirction o load transr) k = min,4,7;, 5 d..5 Shar rsistanc o th nd lat n VEd VEd VEd V Ed Critical sction in shar and aring Block shar chck ailur y taring out o shadd ortion Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) hr: V Rd,g is th shar rsistanc o th gross sction V Rd,n is th shar rsistanc o th nt sction V Rd, is th lock taring rsistanc..5. Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = ht y, [Rrnc 8],7 3 M Not: Th coicint,7 taks into account th rduction in shar rsistanc du to th rsnc o th nominal in-lan nding hich roducs tnsion in th olts [9]. 5

21 ..5. Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = u, v,nt [Rrnc 8] 3 v,nt = t h n d M M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions..5.3 Block taring rsistanc u, V Rd, = M nt y, 3 nv M But i h <.36 3 and n > thn: [Rrnc 8] V Rd, =,5 u, M nt = t, d 5 nt y, 3 nv M nv = t h ( n,5 d ) hr: 3 is th gaug (cross cntrs)..6 Wld rsistanc Full strngth symmtrical illt lds ar rcommndd. For a ull strngth ld, th siz o ach throat should comly ith th olloing rquirmnt [8] : a,46 t or S35 suortd am a,48 t or S75 suortd am a,55 t or S355 suortd am a,74 t or S46 suortd am hr: a is th ctiv ld throat thicknss Th lg lngth is dind as ollos: s a 5

22 .3 Chcks or tying EN dos not hav a artial actor or structural intgrity chcks. In this ulication Mu has n usd. valu o Mu =, is rcommndd..3. Rsistanc o th nd lat in nding n F Ed m 3 Thr ar thr mods o ailur or nd lats in nding: Mod : comlt yilding o th lang Mod : olt ailur ith yilding o th lang Mod 3: olt ailur Basic rquirmnt: F Ed min(f Rd,u, ; F Rd,u, ; F Rd,u,3 ) Mod (comlt yilding o th nd lat) 8n M F Rd,u, = mn m n l,,rd,u [EN , Tal 6.] Mod (olt ailur ith yilding o th nd lat) M l,, Rd,u nσft,rd, u F Rd,u, = [EN , Tal 6.] m n Mod 3 (olt ailur) F Rd,u,3 = ΣF t,rd, u [EN , Tal 6.] F t,rd,u = hr: k γ u Mu M l,,rd,u =,5Σl t γ Mu u, M l,,rd,u = M l,,rd,u m = 3 t,8 a n = min ut n,5m hr min = 5

23 d = 4 d is th diamtr o th ashr k =,63 or countrsunk olts =,9 othris is th tnsil strss ara o th olts, s Σl is th ctiv lngth o on lastic hing Σl = ( n ) d = ut,53 t a = ut 3 t a d Th lg lngth is dind as ollos: s a.3. Bam rsistanc h F Ed Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = t h Mu u, [Rrnc 8].3.3 Wld rsistanc Th ld siz sciid or shar ill adquat or tying rsistanc, as it is ull strngth. 5 3

24 .4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat o 7 Calculation sht Mad y CZT Dat 6/9 Chckd y ENM Dat 7/9. Partial dth nd lat Dtails and data IPE 55 S75 75 kn 55 kn 8 4 Bam: IPE 55 S75 Partial dth lxil nd lat: 43, S75 Bolts: M 8.8 Wlds: 8 mm illt (ld throat, a = 5,6 mm) 5 4

25 Titl.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat o 7 Summary o ull dsign chcks Dsign orcs V Ed = 55 kn F Ed = 75 kn (Ti orc) Shar rsistancs Shar rsistanc o th am Bnding rsistanc at th notch Local staility o notchd am Bolt grou rsistanc Rsistanc o th nd lat Wld rsistanc Tying rsistancs Rsistanc o th nd lat in nding Tnsion rsistanc o th am Wld rsistanc 64 kn N/ N/ 9 kn 8 kn OK 493 kn 53 kn OK.. Rcommndd dtails End lat: mm Hight o lat: h = 43 mm >,6h, OK Bolts: M, 8.8 at 4 mm gaug.. Chcks or vrtical shar... Shar rsistanc o th am h = 43 Unlss notd othris, all rrncs ar to EN kn Basic rquirmnt: VEd V c, Rd Th shar rsistanc o th am, V c,rd = v y, / 3 M EN () 5 5

26 Titl.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat 3 o 7 Shar ara o am, v = 43 9 = 387 mm Shar rsistanc o am, V l,rd = V Ed / 3, = 55 kn 64 kn, OK 3 = 64 kn... Bnding rsistanc at th notch Not alical (No notch)..3. Local staility o notchd am Not alical (No notch)..4. Bolt grou rsistanc IPE 55 = 3 = 4 = 7 55 kn Basic rquirmnt: V F Th dsign rsistanc o th olt grou, i Rd v, Rd i, F max Ed Rd F Rd : F thn FRd ΣF, Rd ( F F thn FRd ns ( F,Rd ) min, Rd) min Fv,Rd (,Rd) max 3.7 i v, Rd F,Rd min F thn FRd, 8ns Fv, Rd..4.. Shar rsistanc o olts v u Tal 3.4 Th shar rsistanc o a singl olt, F v,rd = For M 8.8 olts, F v,rd =,5, M = 94 kn 5 6

27 Titl.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat 4 o Baring rsistanc Baring rsistanc, k F,Rd M u, dt Tal 3.4 For dg olts, k = min,8,7;, 5 d 3,8,7;, 5 min,; min,5, For nd olts, α = u ; ;, 4 8 min = min ; ;. 3d u, 3 43 = min(,6;,86;,) =,6 For innr olts, α = u ; ;, 7 8 min = min ; ;, 3d 4 u, = min(,8;,86;,) =,8,,6 43 F, Rd,nd F,Rd 7 kn min,5 End olts, 3,,8 43 F, Rd,innr F,Rd 4 kn max,5 Innr olts, 3 94 kn < 7 kn thus F v,rd < (F,Rd ) min F Rd,8ns ( Fv,Rd ) min, kn V Ed = 55 kn 9 kn, OK..5. Shar rsistanc o th nd lat Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd, min V Rd,min = (V Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) = 3 = 4 h ( n - ) = 35 = 4 VEd V V Ed = 55 kn Ed 5 7

28 Titl.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat 5 o Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = h t,7 y, 3 M = ,7 3,..5.. Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,nt u, 3 M Nt ara, v,nt = 43 6 V Rd,n = = 3576 mm = 4 kn 3,5 = 9 kn R (8) R (8) Block taring rsistanc h = 43 and,36 3, mm Sinc h >,36 3 thn u, V Rd, = M nt y, 3 Nt ara sujct to tnsion, t, d nv M nt 5 R (8) 3,5 8 mm Nt ara sujct to shar, t h ( n,5 d V Rd, = V Rd,min nv ) 43 4 (6,5) 38 mm ,5 3, = 8 kn = min(9; 4; 8) = 8 kn V Ed = 55 kn 8 kn, OK..6. Wld rsistanc For a am in S75 stl Basic rquirmnt: a,48 t R (8),48t =,48 9 = 4,3 mm a = 5,7 mm,48 t OK 5 8

29 Titl.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat 6 o 7.3. Chcks or tying.3.. Rsistanc o th nd lat in nding Basic rquirmnt: F minf, F F = 3 Ed Rd,u, Rd,u,, Rd,u,3 75 kn n m = 4 3 Mod : 8n M Tal 6. F Rd,u, = mn m n l,,rd,u Σl = ( n ) = ut,5( 3 t d a ),5(4 9 5,6 ) = 69 mm = 4 = ut 3 t a d t a d = 4 9 5,6 = 37 mm 3 = 7 Σl = ( n ) = 4 (6 ) 7 = 43 mm M l,,rd,u =,5Σl,t Mu u, =, , = 6,5 knm 3 t,8 a 4 9,8 5,6 m = = 37 d 9, 5 mm 4 4 n = min ;, 5m = 3; 76 min = 3 mm = 59 mm 5 9

30 Titl.4 Workd Examl Partial dth nd lat 7 o ,5 6,5 F Rd,u, = , = 493 kn Mod : F Rd,u, = M l,, Rd,u M nσf Tal 6. M l,, Rd,u l,,rd,u m n t,rd, u 6,5 knm F t,rd,u = k u Mu =, , = 6 kn F Rd,u, = 3 6, = 793 kn Mod 3: F Rd,u,3 = ΣF t,rd, u = 6 = 9 kn Tal 6. Rd, u,, FRd,u,, Rd,u,3 min F F = min( 493; 793; 9) = 493 kn F Ed = 75 kn 493 kn, OK.3.. Bam rsistanc Basic rquirmnt: F F Ed Rd 75 kn h n F Rd = t h Mu u, = , F Ed = 75 kn 53 kn, OK = 53 kn R (8).3.3. Wld rsistanc Th ld siz sciid or shar ill adquat or tying rsistanc, as it is ull strngth. 5

31 3 FIN PLTE 3. Rcommndd dtails h h 5 z 8 Min.,5 d o 6 z 9 3 h End rojction g h 3 ll nd and dg distancs d 4 Lngth o in lat h,6 h 5 Bolt diamtr, d. Only 8.8 olts to usd, untorqud in claranc hols 6 Hol diamtr, d. d = d + mm or d 4 mm; d = d + 3 mm or d > 4 mm 7 Suorting column 8 Fac o 9 Long in lat i z t t = in lat thicknss,5 Fin lat thicknss t,5d Doul lin o olts ll nd and dg distancs d 3 Suortd am (Singl notchd) 4 Suorting am 5 5 mm ut (t + r) and (t,s + r s ) 6 (h,s 5 mm) ut (h s t,s r s ) 7 Suortd am (Doul notchd) h h,s t t,s r r s is th hight o th suortd am is th hight o th suorting am (i alical) is th thicknss o th lang o th suortd am is th thicknss o th lang o th suorting am (i alical) is th root radius o th suortd am is th root radius o th suorting am (i alical) 5

32 3. Chcks or vrtical shar 3.. Bolt grou rsistanc 3... Shar rsistanc o olts n z z z V Ed Cntr o olt grou ssumd lin o shar transr V Ed V Ed Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = F v,rd n F v,rd (n ) ( n is th shar rsistanc o on olt v u F v,rd = M hr: is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s α v =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts M is th artial actor or rsistanc o olts ) [Rrnc 3] For a singl vrtical lin o olts (n = ) α = and β = n 6 z n For a doul vrtical lin o olts (n = ) α = z I n z and β = n I I = n 6 n z is th transvrs distanc rom th ac o th suorting lmnt to th cntr o th olt grou 5

33 3... Baring rsistanc o olts on th in lat Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd Th aring rsistanc o a singl olt is F,Rd = k u, M dt [Rrnc 3] Th vrtical aring rsistanc o a singl olt on th in lat is as ollos: k F,vr,Rd = u, M dt Th horizontal aring rsistanc o a singl olt on th in lat is as ollos: k F,hor,Rd = u, M α and β ar as dind rviously For F,vr,Rd : k = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d ; 3d dt u ; ;, 4 u, For F,hor,Rd : k = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u, Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd F,vr,Rd k = F,hor,Rd k = u, M u, M n dt dt n F,hor,Rd [Rrnc 3] 5 3

34 α and β ar as dind rviously M is th artial actor or am in aring For F,vr,Rd :, k = min.8,7;.4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d, ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u, For F,hor,Rd :, k = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d, ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u, 3.. Shar rsistanc o th in lat h h V Ed Critical sction in shar and nding Block shar chck ailur y taring out o shadd ortion V Ed Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) 3... Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = h t y,,7 3 M [Rrnc 8] Not: Th coicint,7 taks into account th rduction in shar rsistanc du to th rsnc o th nominal in-lan nding hich roducs tnsion in th olts

35 3... Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = u, v,nt [Rrnc 8] 3 v,nt = t h n d M Block taring rsistanc,5 V Rd, = hr: u, M nt y, nv [Rrnc 8] 3 For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nt = t, d M For a doul vrtical lin o olts, nt = t nv = t h ( n,5 d ) 5 3 d M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions 3..3 Bnding rsistanc o th in lat h VEd z VEd z VEd z z Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd I h,73 z thn V Rd = [Rrnc 8] Wl, y, Othris V Rd = z hr: t h W l, = 6 M 5 5

36 3..4 Buckling rsistanc o th in lat Latral-torsional uckling o th in lat 8. Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd I z > t,5 thn V Rd = W min z l,,lt,6 M ; W z l, y, M Othris V Rd = hr: W z l, y, M t h W l, = 6,LT is th latral torsional uckling strngth o th lat otaind rom BS 595- Tal 7 [] (S ndix ) and asd on λ LT as ollos: λ LT = z z,8 z h,5t / is th lvr arm is th horizontal distanc rom th suorting or lang to th irst vrtical olt-ro 3..5 Shar rsistanc o th am Shar and lock taring rsistanc g h,,, g h g h,,, n 3 3 h h h 4 V V V Ed Ed Ed Critical sction in lain shar Shar ailur 3 Tnsion ailur 4 Block shar ailur taring out o shadd ortion Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) 5 6

37 Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = v, y, 3 M [Rrnc 8] hr: v, = t + (t + r)t ut η h t or un-notchd am v, = T t + (t + r)t / or singl notchd am v, = t (, + (n ) + h ) or doul notchd am η is a actor rom EN (it may consrvativly takn as,. National nnx may giv an altrnativ valu) T is th ara o th T sction d nt is th dth o th to notch is th dth o th ottom notch d n Shar rsistanc o nt sction u, V Rd,n = v,,nt [Rrnc 8] 3 M hr: v,,nt = v, n d t Block taring rsistanc V Rd, = hr:,5 u, M nt y, nv [Rrnc 8] 3 M For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nt = t, d, 5 3 For a doul vrtical lin o olts, nt = t, d t ( n ) ( n,5 d For a notchd am nv =, ) For an un-notchd am nv = t ( n ) ( n d, ) M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions. 5 7

38 3..5. Shar and nding intraction at th nd lin o olts, i th notch lngth l n > (, + ),, g h g h ln ln n,, h h V Ed V Ed Critical sction in lain shar Basic rquirmnt: V Ed (g h +, + ) M c,rd M c,rd is th momnt rsistanc o th notchd am at th connction in th rsnc o shar. For singl notchd am For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,n,rd ) y,wl,n M c,rd = M For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,n,rd ) y,wl,n M c,rd = V Ed M Vl,N,Rd [Rrnc 4] [Rrnc 4] V l,n,rd = min(v Rd,g ;V Rd, ) W l,n is th lastic sction modulus o th gross T sction at th notch For doul notchd am For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,dn,rd ) t y, M c,rd = n h 6 M For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,dn,rd ) [Rrnc 4] y,t M c,rd = V Ed n h [Rrnc 4] 6 M Vl,DN,Rd V l,dn,rd = min(v Rd,g ;V Rd, ) is th distanc tn th ottom olt ro and th ottom o th sction h 5 8

39 Shar and nding intraction or un-notchd am,, B B ( n -) VEdz V Ed ( z+ ) V Ed D z= z C V Ed D z z C For short in lats (i.. z t /,5) th rsistanc o th dos not nd to chckd [4]. For long in lats (i.. z > t /,5) it is ncssary to nsur that th sction lalld as BCD in th igur can rsist a momnt V Ed z or a singl lin o olts or V Ed (z + ) or a doul lin o olts (B and CD ar in shar and BC is in nding). Basic rquirmnt: For a singl vrtical lin o olts (n = ) V Ed z M c,bc,rd + F l,b,rd (n ) [Rrnc 4] For to vrtical lins o olts (n = ) V Ed (z + /) M c,bc,rd + F l,b,rd (n ) [Rrnc 4] is th momnt rsistanc o th am BC M c,bc,rd For lo shar (i.. V BC,Ed,5F l,bc,rd ) y, M c,bc,rd = n 6 t M For high shar (i.. V BC,Ed >,5F l,bc,rd ) y, M c,bc,rd = n 4 t M V V Rd,min Ed F l,b,rd F l,bc,rd is th shar rsistanc o th am B is th shar rsistanc o th am BC hr: For a singl vrtical lin o olts (n = ): F l,b,rd =,t min 3 y, M ;, d 3 t M u, 5 9

40 F l,bc,rd = min n t y, n n 3 M ; 3 M d t u, For to vrtical lins o olts (n = ): F l,b,rd = F l,bc,rd = V BC,Ed min t 3d, 3 M y, ;, 3 M n t n n y, min ; 3 M 3 M is th shar orc on th am BC = V Ed (V Rd,min F l,bc,rd ) ut V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ) t d t u, u, z M is th transvrs distanc rom ac o suorting lmnt to th cntr o olt grou. is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions Bnding rsistanc at th notch g h l n g h l n g h l n g h l n,,,, n h h h h x N x N V Ed Critical sctions To notch or am lang V Ed V Ed V Ed For singl olt lin or or doul olt lins, i x N d: V Ed (g h + l n ) M v,n,rd [Rrnc 4] M v,n,rd is th momnt rsistanc o th am at th notch in th rsnc o shar For singl notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,n,rd ) M v,n,rd = y, W M l,n 5 3

41 For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,n,rd ) M v,n,rd = y, W M l,n V V Ed l,n,rd For doul notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,dn,rd ) y, M v,dn,rd = ( n h ) 6 t M, For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,dn,rd ) t V, h 4 M V y, M v,dn,rd = n Ed l,dn,rd For doul olt lins, i x N < d: max (V Ed (g h + l n ); V Ed (g h +, + )) M v,n,rd [Rrnc 4] M v,n,rd = M c,rd rom th rvious chck hr: W l,n V l,n,rd v,n is th lastic sction modulus o th gross t sction at th notch is th shar rsistanc at th notch or singl notchd ams v,n y, = 3 M t = T t + (t + r) V l,dn,rd is th shar rsistanc at th notch or doul notchd ams v,dn y, = 3 M v,dn = t (, + (n ) + h ) h is th distanc tn th ottom olt ro and th ottom o th sction is th ara o th T sction T 5 3

42 3..7 Local staility o th notchd am l n l n d nt h h d n l n Whn th am is rstraind against latral torsional uckling, no account nd takn o notch staility rovidd th olloing conditions ar mt: For on lang notchd, asic rquirmnt: [5],[6] d nt h / and: l n h or h / t 54,3 (S75 stl) l n 6h h / t 3 or h / t > 54,3 (S75 stl) l n h or h / t 48, (S355 stl) l n h h / t 3 or h / t > 48, (S355 stl) For oth langs notchd, asic rquirmnt: [7] max (d nt, d n ) h / 5 and: l n h or h / t 54,3 (S75 stl) 6h h t l n 3 or h / t > 54,3 (S75 stl) l n h or h / t 48, (S355 stl) h h t l n 3 or h / t > 48, (S355 stl) Whr th notch lngth l n xcds ths limits, ithr suital stining should rovidd or th notch should chckd to Rrncs 5, 6 and 7. For S35 and S46 mmrs s Rrncs 5, 6 and

43 3..8 Wld rsistanc Full strngth symmtrical illt lds ar rcommndd. For a ull strngth ld, th siz o ach throat should comly ith th olloing rquirmnt 8 : a,46t or S35 in lat a,48t or S75 in lat a,55t or S355 in lat a,75t or S46 in lat hr: a is th ld throat thicknss Th lg lngth is dind as ollos: s a 3.3 Chcks or tying EN dos not hav a artial actor or structural intgrity chcks. In this ulication Mu has n usd. valu o Mu =, is rcommndd Fin lat and olt grou rsistanc F Ed F Ed n h Singl lin o olts Doul lin o olts Shar rsistanc o olts Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F v,u [Rrnc 8] v F v,u = u Mu 5 33

44 hr: α v =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts is th tnsil strss ara o olt, s Baring rsistanc o olts on th in lat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd F,hor,u,Rd = hr: k u, Mu dt k = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u, [Rrnc 8] Tnsion rsistanc o th in lat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = min(f Rd,n ; F Rd, ) Tnsion rsistanc o nt sction F Rd,n = u,,9 nt [Rrnc 8] Mu nt = t h d n 5 34

45 Block taring rsistanc Cas 3 Cas 3 am ithout notch notchd am 3 in lat F Rd, = Cas : u, Mu nt y, nv [Rrnc 8] 3 M nt = t n n d For a singl vrtical lin o olts: nv = t, d 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts: nv = 3 t d Cas : nt = t n n, d 5 For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts, nv = t 3 d 5 35

46 3.3. Bam rsistanc,, n,, F Ed F Ed,, n,, F Ed F Ed Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd F,hor,u,Rd = k u, Mu dt hr:, k =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α =, u ; ; ;, 3d 3d 4 u, α v =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts Tnsion rsistanc o th am Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = min(f Rd,n ; F Rd, ) 5 36

47 Tnsion rsistanc o nt sction u, F Rd,n =,9 nt, Mu nt = t h d n t h may takn as th dth o th in lat (it is consrvativ) Block taring rsistanc Cas 3 Cas 3 am ithout notch notchd am 3 in lat F Rd, = Cas : u, nt y, nv / 3 Mu M nt = t n n d For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d, 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts, nv = 3 t, d Cas (or notchd am only): nt = t n n, d, 5 For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d, 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, 3 d Wld rsistanc Th ld siz sciid or shar ill adquat or tying rsistanc, as it is ull strngth. 5 37

48 3.4 Workd Examl: Fin Plat o 3 Calculation sht Mad y CZT Dat 6/9 Chckd y ENM Dat 7/9 3. Fin lat Dtails and data kn IPE 55 S75 35 kn 8 Bam: IPE 55 S75 Fin lat: 36 6 S75 Bolts: M 8.8 Wlds: 8 mm illt (ld throat, a = 5,6 mm) 5 38

49 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat o 3 Summary o ull dsign chcks Dsign orcs V Ed = 35 kn F Ed = 35 kn (Ti orc) Shar rsistancs Bolt grou rsistanc Shar rsistanc o olts Baring rsistanc o olts on th in lat Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Shar rsistanc o th in lat Bnding rsistanc o th in lat Buckling rsistanc o th in lat Shar rsistanc o th am Shar and lock taring rsistanc Shar and nding intraction at th nd lin o olts Shar and nding intraction or un-notchd am Bnding rsistanc at th notch Local staility o th notchd am Wld rsistanc Tying rsistancs Fin lat and olt grou rsistanc Shar rsistanc o olts Baring rsistanc o olts on th in lat Tnsion rsistanc o th in lat Bam rsistanc Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Tnsion rsistanc o th am Wld rsistanc 584 kn 65 kn 64 kn 45 kn 743 kn 545 kn N/ 66 knm N/ N/ OK 7 kn 9 kn 88 kn 7 kn 79 kn OK 5 39

50 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 3 o Rcommndd dtails Fin lat thicknss: t = mm,5d Hight o in lat: h = 36 mm >,6h 3.. Chcks or vrtical shar 3... Bolt grou rsistanc 3... Shar rsistanc o olts Unlss notd othris, all rrncs ar to EN = 4 (n- ) = 8 = 4 V Ed Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F v,rd (n ) ( n ) R (3) v u Tal 3.4 F v,rd = M For M 8.8 olts, F v,rd = ,5 = 94 kn For a doul vrtical lin o olts (i.. n = and n = 5), α = z I n I = n n = α = =, 7 z nd β = n = 5 I Thus V Rd = (,) = 7 mm 6 (,5) =,5 = 584 kn 5 4

51 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 4 o 3 V Ed = 35 kn 584 kn, OK 3... Baring rsistanc o olts on th in lat Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd α =, and β =,5, as aov Th vrtical aring rsistanc o a singl olt, F,vr,Rd = u, M R [3] k dt Tal 3.4 k = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d 5 6 = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 = min( 4,67;,;,5) =, α = F,vr,Rd = min 3d ; 3d u ; ;, = min 4 ; ; ;, u, = min(,6;,8;,86;,) =,6,,6 43 3,5 = 89 kn Th horizontal aring rsistanc o a singl olt, F,hor,Rd = k u, M dt Tal 3.4 k = α = F,hor,Rd = V Rd = min,8 d,7;,4,7;, 5 d 4 7 = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 = min( 3,39;,75;,5) =,5 min 3d ; 3d u,5; ;, u, = min ;,5; ;, = min(,75;,66;,) =, ,5, ,5, 89 = 4 kn,5 4 = 65 kn 5 4

52 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 5 o 3 V Ed = 35 kn 65 kn, OK Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd α =, and β =,5, as aov Th vrtical aring rsistanc or a singl olt, F,vr,Rd = u, M R (3] k dt Tal 3.4 k = min,8 d,7;,4,7;, 5 d 4 6 = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 = min( 3,39;,;,5) =, α = u 7 8 min ; ;, = min ; ;, 3d 4 u, = min(,8;,86;,) =,8 F,vr,Rd =,, ,5 = 6 kn Th horizontal aring rsistanc or a singl olt, F,hor,Rd = k dt Tal k = min,4,7;, 5 = min,4,7;, 5 d = min(,75;,5) =,5, α = u min ; ; ;, = min ; ; ;, 3d 3d 4 u, = min(,6;,8;,86;,) =,6 F,hor,Rd = V Rd =,5,5, , 6 = 94 kn,5 94 V Ed = 35 kn 64 kn, OK = 64 kn u, M 5 4

53 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 6 o Shar rsistanc o th in lat = 4 (n- ) = 8 = 4 V Ed Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) 3... Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = h t y,,7 3 M = 36 75,7 3, 3 = 45 kn R (8) 3... Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,nt 3 u, M Nt ara, v,nt = h nd t = 36 5 = 5 mm R [8] V Rd = = 497 kn 3, Block taring rsistanc V Rd, = R [8] M 3 M,5 u, nt y, nv 3 Nt ara sujct to tnsion, nt = t, d 5 = 6 5,5 77 mm Nt ara sujct to shar, nt = t h ( n,5 d ) = 36 4 (5,5), V Rd, = = 483 kn,5 3, V Rd,min = min(45; 497; 483) = 45 kn V Ed = 35 kn 45 kn, OK mm 5 43

54 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 7 o Bnding rsistanc o th in lat Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd R [8],73 z =,73 8 = 8 mm h Thn V Rd = 36 mm > 8 mm V Ed V Rd, OK Buckling rsistanc o th in lat Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd t /,5 = z V Rd = R [8] = 67 mm,5 = 8 mm > 67 mm W min z l,,lt,6 M ; W z W l, = t h 36 6 mm z λ LT = = 8 mm,8 z h,5t / l, y, M 5 36 =,8,5 /,LT is otaind y introlation rom ndix.,lt = 74 N/mm = V Rd = min ; 8,6, 8, min 33; 743 = 743 kn = V Ed = 35 kn 743 kn, OK Shar rsistanc o th am Shar and lock taring rsistanc Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ),LT rom BS595- Tal 7 (S ndix ) 5 44

55 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 8 o 3 t = 9, = 9 ( n - ) = 8 h = 77 Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = v, 3 y, M Shar ara o am, v, = t t r t = 7 5, , 7 = 6 mm η h t =, 55,6 9 = 464 mm V Rd,g = , 3 = 953 kn Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,,nt Nt ara, v,,nt = 3 u, M n = = 5 mm d t 43 3 V Rd,n = 5 = 995 kn 3,5 Block taring rsistanc V Rd, =,5 u, M nt y, 3 Nt ara sujct to tnsion, nt = t, d nv M, 5 6 4, mm Nt ara sujct to shar, nv = t, n = V Rd, = V Rd,min,5, ( n,5) d 9 (5 ) = 538 mm 3, = min(953; 995; 57) = 57 kn V Ed = 35 kn 57 kn, OK = 57 kn R [8] R [8] R [8] 5 45

56 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 9 o Shar and nding intraction at th nd lin o olts Not alical Shar and nding intraction o un-notchd am Shar and nding intraction at th am z t,5 = R [4] = 67 mm,5 = 8 mm > 67 mm Thror this chck is rquird. Basic rquirmnt: V Ed (z + /) M cbc,rd + F l,b,rd (n ) n n t y, n F l,bc,rd = min ; 3 M F l,bc,rd = min ; 3, V BC,Ed 3 M d t u, = min(4;343) = 343 kn is th shar orc on th am BC V BC,Ed = V Ed (V Rd,min F l,bc,rd ) ut V BC,Ed = 35 ( ) = -6 kn Thror V BC,Ed = kn y, s V BC,Ed,5F l,bc,rd thn M c,bc,rd = n , 6 M c,bc,rd = 5 7 F l,b,rd = = min min 6 t = 3 knm M t 3d, 3 M y, , ; ;, ,5 3 M ,5 = min(43; ) = kn M cbc,rd + F l,b,rd (n ) = 3 + (5 )7-3 = 66 knm V Ed (z + /) = 35(8 + 6/) -3 = 38 knm t u, Thror V Ed (z + /) M cbc,rd + F l,b,rd (n ) OK 5 46

57 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat o Bnding rsistanc at th notch Not alical Local staility o th notchd am Not alical Wld rsistanc For a in lat in S75 stl Basic rquirmnt: a,48t R [8],48t =,48 = 4,8 mm a = 5,7 mm,48t OK 3.3. Chcks or tying Fin lat and olt grou rsistanc = 6 = 5 = 4 = 7 = 7 = 7 = 7 = 4 h F Ed = 35 kn Shar rsistanc o olts Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F v,u R [8] v F v,u = u Mu =, , F Rd = 7 = 7 kn F Ed = 35 kn 7 kn OK = 7 kn Baring rsistanc o olts on th in lat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd R [8] k F,hor,u,Rd = u, Mu dt 5 47

58 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat o 3 k = min,8 d,7;,4,7;, 5 d 4 7 =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 α = min ; 3d F,hor,u,Rd = min = 3,39;,75;,5 3d =,75;,66;,86;, min =,5 u ; ;, = min 4 ; ; ;, u, min =,66,,5, F Rd = 9 = 9 kn F Ed = 35 kn 9 kn, OK Tnsion rsistanc o th in lat Basic rquirmnt : F Ed F Rd F Rd = min F F Rd, ; Rd,n = 9 kn Tnsion rsistanc o nt sction F Rd,n =,9 nt u, Mu nt = h d n t = 36 5 = 5 mm R [8] F Rd,n = 43 3,9 5 = 88 kn, Block taring rsistanc Cas F Rd, = u, Mu nt y, 3 nv M nt = t [(n ) (n )d ] = [(5 ) 7 (5 )] = 9 mm 3 3 nv t d mm R [8] F Rd, = , 3, 3 = 995 kn Cas nt = t n n, d 5 nt = ,5 = mm 5 48

59 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat o nv = t d = 5 6 = 77 mm F Rd, = , 3, F Rd = 88; 995; 986 min = 88 kn F Ed = 35 kn 88 kn, OK 3 = 986 kn Bam rsistanc, =4 =6, =9 =7 F Ed Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd k F,hor,u,Rd = k = α = F,hor,u,Rd = u, Mu min,8 d, dt,7;,4,7;, 5 d 9 7 =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 min = 9,8;,75;,5 min 3d, ; 3d =,6;,66;,86;, min =,5 u ; ;, = min ; ; ;, u, min =,6,,5, F Rd = 7 = 7 kn F Ed = 35 kn 7 kn OK = 7 kn 5 49

60 Titl 3.4 Workd Examl Fin Plat 3 o Tnsion rsistanc o th am Basic rquirmnt : F Ed F Rd F Rd = min F F Rd, ; Rd,n Tnsion rsistanc o nt sction u, F Rd,n =,9 nt, Mu nt, = t h d n t = = 5 mm F Rd,n = 43,9 5, Block taring rsistanc F Rd, = M 3 u, nt y, nv / 3 Mu n n nt t d = 79 kn = mm 3 3 nv t, d mm F Rd, =, 3, (Cas only alis to notchd ams) F Rd = 79; 867 min = 79 kn F Ed = 35 kn 79 kn, OK 3 = 867 kn Wld rsistanc Th ld siz sciid or shar ill adquat or tying rsistanc, as it is ull strngth. 5 5

61 4 DOUBLE NGLE WEB CLETS Unlss notd othris, th dsign ruls lo hav n dvlod rom thos stalishd or artial dth nd lats and in lats rom Rrnc Rcommndd dtails t 3 5 h ac 6 h t ac t Lngth o clat h ac,6h Fac o am or column 3 End rojction, g h aroximatly mm 4 Doul lin o olts 5 Bolt diamtr, d 6 Hold diamtrs, d. d = d + mm or d 4 mm; d = d + 3 mm or d > 4 mm 7 mm claranc 8 Suortd am (singl notchd) 9 Suortd am (doul notchd) Suorting am 5 5

62 4. Chcks or vrtical shar 4.. Bolt grou rsistanc 4... Suortd am sid Shar rsistanc o olts z z V V V Ed Ed Ed ssumd lin o shar transr z Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = F v,rd n F v,rd (n ) ( n is th shar rsistanc o on olt v u F v,rd = M hr: is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s α v =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts M is th artial actor or rsistanc o olts For a singl vrtical lin o olts (n = ) α = and β = n 6z n For a doul vrtical lin o olts (n = ) z α = I n z and β = n I I = n n 6 ) 5 5

63 z is th transvrs distanc rom th ac o th suorting lmnt to th cntr o th olt grou Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats V z Ed V z Ed Singl ro Doul Ro Chck th aring strngth o clat undr ccntric load Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd Th aring rsistanc o a singl olt is F,Rd = k u M dt Th vrtical aring rsistanc o a singl olt on th angl clat is as ollos: k F,vr,Rd = u,ac M dt ac Th horizontal aring rsistanc o a singl olt on th angl clat is as ollos: F,hor,Rd = k u,ac M dt α, β and M ar as dind rviously. ac For F,vr,Rd : k = min,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u,ac 5 53

64 For F,hor,Rd : k = min,8 d,7;,4,7;, 5 d α = min 3d ; 3d u,4; ;, u,ac Baring rsistanc o olts on th am g h, g h,,, z z VEd Chck olt grou in aring undr ccntric load VEd Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd F,vr,Rd = F,hor,Rd = k k u, M u, M dt dt α, β and M ar as dind rviously For F,vr,Rd, k = min,8 d,,7;,4,7;, 5 d α = min 3d, ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u, 5 54

65 For F,hor,Rd k = min,8 d,,7;,4,7;, 5 d α = min 3d, ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u, 4... Suorting am sid Basic rquirmnt: V Ed F Rd F Rd is th rsistanc o th olt grou [EN , 3.7()] I (F,Rd ) max F v,rd thn F Rd = F,Rd I (F,Rd ) min F v,rd (F,Rd ) max thn F Rd = n s (F,Rd ) min I F v,rd (F,Rd ) min thn F Rd =,8n s F v,rd Shar rsistanc o olts F v,rd is th shar rsistanc o on olt v F v,rd = hr: v u M =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s [EN , Tal 3.4] Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats F,Rd is th aring rsistanc o a singl olt F,Rd = hr: M k u,ac M dt ac is th artial actor or lats in aring For nd olts (aralll to th dirction o load transr) u = min ; ;, 3d u, ac For innr olts (aralll to th dirction o load transr) u = min ; ;, 3d 4 u, ac [EN , Tal 3.4] 5 55

66 For dg olts (rndicular to th dirction o load transr) k = min,8,7;, 5 d 4.. Shar rsistanc o th angl clats V z Ed VEd Singl ro z Doul ro 4... Suortd am sid Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) Shar rsistanc o gross sction hact ac y,ac V Rd,g =,7 3 M Not: Th coicint,7 taks into account th rduction in shar rsistanc du to th rsnc o th nominal in-lan nding hich roducs tnsion in th olts. [9] Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,nt u,ac 3 M v,nt = t h n d ac ac Block taring rsistanc,5 u,ac nt y,ac V Rd, = M 3 nv M nv = t h ( n,5 d ac ac ) For a singl lin o olts: nt = t, d ac

67 For a doul lin o olts: nt = t, d ac 5 M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions Suorting am sid VEd VEd VEd VEd Critical sction in shar and aring Block shar chck ailur y taring out o shadd ortion Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = hact ac,7 y,ac 3 M Not: Th coicint,7 taks into account th rduction in shar rsistanc du to th rsnc o th nominal in-lan nding hich roducs tnsion in th olts [9]. Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,nt u,ac 3 M v,nt = t h n d ac ac Block taring rsistanc,5 u,ac nt y,ac V Rd, = M 3 nv M nt = t ac, 5d nv = t h ( n,5 d ac ac ) M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions. 5 57

68 4..3 Shar rsistanc o th am gh, gh, gh, t,,, h h 3 h 3 t VEd VEd VEd t 4 g h,, g h g h,,,, h h 3 3 h VEd VEd VEd Critical sction in lain shar Shar ailur 3 Tnsion ailur 4 Block shar ailur taring out o shadd ortion Shar and lock taring rsistanc Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = v, 3 y, M v, = t + (t + r)t ut η h t v, = T t + (t + r)t / or un-notchd am or singl notchd am 5 58

69 v, = t (, + (n ) + h ) or doul notchd am η is a actor rom EN (it may consrvativly takn qual to,) T is th ara o th T sction Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,,nt 3 u, M v,,nt = v, n d t Block taring rsistanc V Rd, =,5 u, M nt y, 3 nv M For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nt = t, d, 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts, nt = nv = t ( n ) ( n,5 d, ) t, 3 d M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions Shar and nding intraction at th nd lin o olts, i th notch lngth l n > (, + ) ln ln g h,, g h,, h h VEd VEd Critical sction in lain shar Basic rquirmnt: V Ed (g h +, + ) M c,rd [Rrnc 4] M c,rd is th momnt rsistanc o th notchd am at th connction in th rsnc o shar. 5 59

70 For singl notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,n,rd ) M c,rd = y, W M l,n For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,n,rd ) M c,rd = y, W M l,n V V Ed l,n,rd V l,n,rd = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd, ) W l,n is th lastic sction modulus o th gross T sction at th notch For doul notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,dn,rd ) y, M c,rd = n h 6 t M For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,dn,rd ) y, M c,rd = n t V h 6 M V V l,dn,rd = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd, ) Ed l,dn,rd 4..4 Bnding rsistanc at th notch gh, ln gh, ln g h l n gh,,,, l n h h h h VEd VEd VEd VEd Critical sctions To notch or am lang Shar and nding intraction at th notch For singl olt lin or or doul olt lins, i x N d: V Ed (g h + l n ) M v,n,rd [Rrnc 4] M v,n,rd is th momnt rsistant o th am at th notch in th rsnc o shar 5 6

71 For singl notchd am For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,n,rd ) M v,n,rd = y, W M l,n For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,n,rd ) M v,n,rd = y, W M l,n V V Ed l,n,rd For doul notchd am: For lo shar (i.. V Ed,5V l,dn,rd ) y, M v,dn,rd = ( n h ) 6 t M, For high shar (i.. V Ed >,5V l,dn,rd ) t V, h 4 M V y, M v,dn,rd = n Ed l,dn,rd For doul olt lins, i x N < d: max (V Ed (g h + l n ); V Ed (g h +, + )) M v,n,rd [Rrnc 4] M v,n,rd = M c,rd rom th rvious chck hr: W l,n V l,n,rd v,n is th lastic sction modulus o th gross T sction at th notch is th shar rsistanc at th notch or singl notchd ams v,n y, = 3 M t = T t + (t + r) V l,dn,rd is th shar rsistanc at th notch or doul notchd ams v,dn y, = 3 M v,dn = t (, + (n ) + h ) hr: T is th ara o th T sction 5 6

72 4..5 Local staility o th notchd am ln ln dnt dnt h h d n ln Whn th am is rstraind against latral torsional uckling, no account nd takn o notch staility rovidd th olloing conditions ar mt: For on lang notchd, asic rquirmnt: [5],[6] d nt h / and: l n h or h / t 54,3 (S75 stl) l n 6h h / t 3 or h / t > 54,3 (S75 stl) l n h or h / t 48, (S355 stl) l n h h / t 3 or h / t > 48, (S355 stl) For oth langs notchd, asic rquirmnt: [7] max (d nt ; d n ) h / 5 and: l n h or h / t 54,3 (S75 stl) 6h h t l n 3 or h / t > 54,3 (S75 stl) l n h or h / t 48, (S355 stl) h h t l n 3 or h / t > 48, (S355 stl) Whr th notch lngth l n xcds ths limits, ithr suital stining should rovidd or th notch should chckd to Rrncs 5, 6 and 7. For S35 and S46 mmrs s Rrncs 5, 6 and

73 4.3 Chcks or tying EN dos not hav a artial actor or structural intgrity chcks. In this ulication Mu has n usd. valu o Mu =, is rcommndd ngl clats and olt grou rsistanc Rsistanc o th angl clats in nding 3 F Ed Critical sctions Thr ar thr mods o ailur or angl clats in nding: Mod : comlt yilding o th lat Mod : olt ailur ith yilding o th lat Mod 3: olt ailur Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = min(f Rd,u,, F Rd,u,, F Rd,u,3 ) Mod (th comlt yilding o th angl clats) 8n M F Rd,u, = mn m n l,,rd,u [EN Tal 6.] Mod (olt ailur ith yilding o th angl clats) M l,, Rd,u nσft,rd, u F Rd,u, = [EN Tal 6.] m n Mod 3 (olt ailur) F Rd,u,3 = ΣF t,rd, u [EN Tal 6.] k u F t,rd,u = Mu 5 63

74 hr: M l,,rd,u =,5Σl t Mu ac u,ac M l,,rd,u m = = M l,,rd,u 3 t t ac,8 r n = min ut n,5m hr min = d = 4 d is th diamtr o th ashr k =,63 or countrsunk olts =,9 othris is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s Σl is th ctiv lngth o a lastic hing Σl = ( n ) d = ut,5( 3 t r ) = ut 3 t r d Shar rsistanc o olts Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F v,u F v,u = hr: α v v u Mu =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd k F,hor,u,Rd = u,ac Mu dt ac 5 64

75 hr: k = min,8,7;, 4,7;, 5 d d α = min 3d ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u,ac Block taring rsistanc Cas 4 Cas 4 Bam ithout notch Notchd am 4 Doul angl clat Basic rquirmnt : F Ed F Rd, F Rd, = Cas : u,ac Mu nt y,ac 3 nv M nt = t n n d ac For a singl vrtical lin o olts: nv = 4t, d ac 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts: nv = 3 4t ac d Cas : nt = t n n, d ac 5 For a singl vrtical lin o olts: nv = t, d ac 5 For a doul vrtical lin o olts: nv = 3 t ac d 5 65

76 4.3. Bam rsistanc,,,, F Ed F Ed,,,, F Ed F Ed Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd F,hor,u,Rd = k u, Mu dt, hr: k, =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 d d α, = u ; ; ;, 3d 3d 4 u, α v =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts Tnsion rsistanc o th am Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd,n F Rd,n =,9 hr: nt, u, Mu nt, = t hac d nt 5 66

77 Block taring rsistanc Cas 4 Cas 4 Bam ithout notch Notchd am 4 Doul angl clat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd, F Rd, = Cas : u, Mu nt y, 3 nv M nt = t n n d For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d, 5 3 For doul vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d Cas (or notchd ams only): nt = t n n, d, 5 For a singl vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d, 5 3 For doul vrtical lin o olts, nv = t, d 5 67

78 4.4 Workd Examl: ngl W Clats o 5 Calculation sht Mad y CZT Dat 6/9 Chckd y ENM Dat 7/9 4. ngl W Clats Dtails and data IPE 55 S75 37 kn 45 kn Bam: IPE 55 S75 ngl clats: /9 9, S75 Bolts: M

79 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats o 5 Summary o ull dsign chcks Dsign orcs V Ed = 45 kn F Ed = 37 kn (Ti orc) Shar rsistancs Bolt grou rsistanc Suortd am sid Shar rsistanc o olts Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Suorting am sid Rsistanc Shar rsistanc o th angl clats Suortd am sid Shar rsistanc Suorting am sid Shar rsistanc Shar rsistanc o th am Shar and lock taring rsistanc Shar rsistanc Shar and nding intraction at th nd lin o olts Bnding rsistanc at th notch Local staility o th notchd am Tying rsistancs ngl clats and olt grou rsistanc Rsistanc o th angl clats in nding Shar rsistanc o olts Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats Block taring rsistanc Bam rsistanc Baring rsistanc o olts on th am Tnsion rsistanc o th am Block taring rsistanc 96 kn 75 kn 583 kn 9 kn 954 kn 954 kn 5 kn N/ N/ N/ 696 kn 84 kn 48 kn 6 kn 64 kn 944 kn 97 kn 5-69

80 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 3 o Rcommndd dtails Clats mm thick Lngth, h ac = 43mm >,6h, OK 4.. Chcks or vrtical shar 4... Bolt grou rsistanc 4... Suortd am sid Shar rsistanc o olts Unlss notd othris, all rrncs ar to EN Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = F v,rd v = M n F v,rd ( n ) ( n u For M 8.8 olts, F v,rd = ),5, = 94 kn For a singl vrtical lin o olts (i.. n = and n = 6), α = β = n 6 z ( n ) = 6 5 =, Thus V Rd = = 96 kn ( 6) (, 6) V Ed = 45 kn 96 kn, OK Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V,Rd V,Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd α = and β =,, as aov Th vrtical aring rsistanc or a singl olt, F,vr,Rd = k u,ac M dt ac k = 4 min,8,7;, 5 =,8,7;, 5 d =,5 min = min 3,39;,5 5-7

81 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 4 o 5 α = min 3d α =,6 F,vr,Rd = ; 3d u ; ;, 4 u,ac = ;,5; ;, min = min,6;,8;,86;,,5,5, = 5 kn k Th horizontal aring rsistanc or a singl olt, F,hor,Rd = k = α = F,hor,Rd = min,8 d,7;,4,7;, 5 d 4 7 =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 min = 3,39;,75;,5 min 3d ; u u,ac =,6;,86;, min =,6,5 4 8 ;, = min ; ;, 3 43,5, = 5 kn u,ac M dt ac min =,5 V Rd = 6 = 75 kn 6, V Ed = 45 kn 75 kn, OK 5-7

82 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 5 o 5 Baring rsistanc o olts on th am t = 9, = 9 (n = -) 35 h = 7, = 4 Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd V Rd = n F,vr,Rd n n F,hor,Rd α = and β =,, as aov Th vrtical aring rsistanc o a singl olt, F,vr,Rd = k u, M dt k = min,8 d =,5 α = F,vr,Rd = min 3d,, ; 3d,7;, 5 =,36;,8;,86;, 4 =,8,7;, 5 min = min 3,4;,5 u ; ;, = 4 min ; ; ;, u, min =,8,5,5, = 5 kn Th horizontal aring rsistanc o a singl olt, k F,hor,Rd = k = u, M dt min,8 d,,7;,4,7;, 5 d 9 7 =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 min = 9,75;,75;,5 min =,5 5-7

83 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 6 o 5 α = F,hor,Rd = V Rd = V Ed min 3d, ; u u, =,6;,86;, min =,6,5 4 8 ;, = min ; ;, 3 43,5, = 45 kn 583 kn, OK 4... Suorting am sid = 4, 6 94 = 94 kn = 583 kn = 4 (n -) = 35 = 4 VEd VEd V Ed = 45 kn Basic rquirmnt: V F Th dsign rsistanc o th olt grou, I Rd v, Rd I, F max Ed Rd F Rd : F thn FRd ΣF, Rd ( F, Rd ) min Fv,Rd ( F,Rd ) max thn FRd ns ( F,Rd ) min F thn FRd, 8ns Fv, Rd I v, Rd F,Rd min Shar rsistanc o olts v Th shar rsistanc o a singl olt, F v,rd = For M 8.8 olts, F v,rd =,5, u M = 94 kn 5-73

84 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 7 o 5 Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats k V,Rd = u,ac M dt ac For dg olts, k = min(,8 4,7;,5) = min(,8,7;,5) d = min( 3,39;,5) =,5 u For nd olts, α = min( ; ;,) = ;,) 3d min( 4 8 ; 3 43 u,ac = min(,6;,86;,) =,6 For innr olts, α = min( u ; ;,) 3d 4 End olts, F, Rd,nd F,Rd min Innr olts,, Rd,innr F,Rd max F u,ac 7 8 = min( ; ;,) = min(,8;,86;,) =,8 94 kn < 5 kn thus F v,rd < (F,Rd ) min,5,5, kn,5,5, kn F,8n F,894 9 kn Rd s v, Rd V Ed = 55 kn 9 kn, OK 4... Shar rsistanc o th angl clats 4... Suortd am sid Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = hact ac y,ac =,7 3 M Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,nt u,ac 3 M = 76 kn,7 3, 5-74

85 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 8 o 5 Nt ara, v,nt = t h n d = 43 6 ac 43 3 V Rd,n = 98 = 84 kn 3,5 Block taring rsistanc V Rd, =,5 u,ac M nt ac y,ac 3 Nt ara sujct to tnsion, nt = t, d nv M ac 5 = 4,5 = 98 mm = 9 mm Nt ara sujct to shar, nv = t h ( n,5 d ac ac ) = 43 4 (6,5) = 69 mm V Rd, = V Rd,min, ,5 3, = 954 kn V Ed = 45 kn 954 kn, OK 3 = 954 kn 4... Suorting am sid = 4 = 4 (n -) = 35 = 4 VEd VEd V Ed = 45 kn Block shar ailur Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = h t,7 ac ac y,ac = 3 M = 76 kn,7 3, 5-75

86 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 9 o 5 Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,nt u,ac 3 M Nt ara, v,nt = t h n d = 43 6 ac ac 43 3 V Rd,n = 98 = 84 kn 3,5 Block taring rsistanc V Rd, =,5 u,ac M nt y,ac 3 Nt ara sujct to tnsion, nt = t, d nv M ac 5 = 98 mm = 4,5 = 9 mm Nt ara sujct to shar, nv = t h ( n,5 d ac ac ) = 43 4 (6,5) = 69 mm V Rd, = V Rd,min, ,5 3, = 954 kn V Ed = 45 kn 954 kn, OK 3 = 954 kn Shar rsistanc o th am Shar and lock taring rsistanc h ac = 43 V Ed = 45 kn Basic rquirmnt: V Ed V Rd,min V Rd,min = min(v Rd,g ; V Rd,n ; V Rd, ) 5-76

87 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats o 5 Shar rsistanc o gross sction V Rd,g = v, 3 y, M Shar ara o am, v, = t + (t + r)t = 7 5, , 7 v, = 6 mm η h t =, 55,6 9 = 464 mm V Rd,g = , 3 = 953 kn Shar rsistanc o nt sction V Rd,n = v,,nt 3 u, M Nt ara, v,,nt = n d = = 483 mm V Rd,n = v, t = 956 kn 3,5 Block taring rsistanc,5 V Rd, = u, M nt Nt ara sujct to tnsion, Nt ara sujct to shar, V Rd, = V Rd,min,5 y, 3 nt nv M t, d, 5 4,5 6 9 mm nv t, n 9 6 d ( n,5) 9 7 (6,5) 87 mm, , = min(953; 956; 5) = 5 kn V Ed = 45 kn 5 kn, OK = 5 kn Shar and nding intraction at th nd lin o olts Not alical caus it is un-notchd Bnding rsistanc at th notch Not alical caus it is un-notchd 5-77

88 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats o Local staility o th notchd am Not alical caus it is un-notchd 4.3. Chcks or tying ngl clats and olt grou rsistanc Rsistanc o th angl clats in nding Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd Tnsion olt grou F Ed F Rd min FRd,u,, FRd,u,, F Rd,u,3 Th tying rsistanc or Mod, F Rd,u, is givn y: 8 n M F Rd,u, = mn m n l,,rd,u Σl = ( n ) = ut,5( 3 t,5(9 9 ) = 5 mm = 4 mm = ut 3 t r d 3 t r d d r ) = 9 9 = mm = 7 mm Σl = ( n ) = 4 (6 ) 7 = 43 mm M l,,rd,u = m =,5Σl d 4,t Mu u,ac = t,8 3 t ac r 37 9,5 mm 4 n = min ;, 5m = 4;39, =, = 4,kNm 9 9,8 = 3 mm min = 39 mm 5-78

89 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats o ,5 4, F Rd,u, = , = 696 kn Th tying rsistanc or mod, F Rd,u, is givn y: F Rd,u, = M l,, Rd,u nσf m n M l,,rd,u = M l,,rd,u =4, knm F t,rd,u = F Rd,u, = k u Mu = t,rd, u,, = 6 kn 3 4, 396 = 9 kn 3 39 Th tying rsistanc or mod 3, F Rd,u,3 is givn y F Rd,u,3 = ΣF t,rd, u = 6 = 9 kn F Rd minf, F F Rd, u, Rd,u,, Rd,u,3 F Rd min696, 9, 9 = 696 kn F Ed = 37 kn 696 kn, OK Shar rsistanc o olts F Ed = 37 kn IPE 55 S75 Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F v,u v F v,u = u Mu =,, F Rd = 6 7 = 84 kn F Ed = 37 kn 84 kn, OK = 7 kn Baring rsistanc o olts on th angl clats Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd 5-79

90 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 3 o 5 F,hor,u,Rd = k u,ac Mu dt ac k = α = F,hor,u,Rd = min,8 d,7;.4,7;, 5 d 4 7 =,8,7;,4,7;, 5 min = 3,39;,75;,5 min 3d ; u u,ac =,6;,86;, min =,6, 4 8 ;, = min ; ;, 3 43,5, F Rd = 69 = 48 kn F Ed = 35 kn 48 kn, OK Block taring rsistanc = 4 = 9 kn min =,5 = = 4 h ac F Ed = 37 kn Basic rquirmnt : F Ed F Rd, F Rd, = Cas u,ac Mu nt y,ac 3 nv M nt = t n n d = ac = 48 mm nv = 4t. d = 4 4,5 ac 5 = 6 mm F Rd, = , 3, 3 = 6 kn 5-8

91 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 4 o 5 Cas nt = t n n, d ac 5 nt = ,5 = 538 mm nv = t, d = 4,5 ac 5 = 58 mm F Rd, =, 3, = 95 kn F Ed = 37 kn 6 and 95 kn, OK Bam rsistanc Baring rsistanc o olts on th am, = 4, = n F Ed = 37 kn Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd = n F,hor,u,Rd k F,hor,u,Rd = u, Mu dt k = min,4 d,7;, 5 7 = min,4,7;, 5 =,5 α = F,hor,u,Rd = min 3d, ; u u,, 4 8 ;, = min ; ;, =,6 3 43,5, F Rd = 6 7 = 64 kn F Ed = 37 kn 64 kn, OK = 7 kn Tnsion rsistanc o th am Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd,n F Rd,n =,9 nt, u, Mu nt, = t h d n t = = 68 mm ac 5-8

92 Titl 4.4 Workd Examl ngl W Clats 5 o 5 F Rd,n = 43,9 68, 3 = 944 kn F Ed = 37 kn 944 kn, OK Block taring rsistanc Basic rquirmnt : F Ed F Rd, F Rd, = Cas u, Mu nt y, 3 nv M nt = t n n d = = 6 mm nv =, d t = 94,5, 5 = 5 mm F Rd, =, 3, F Ed = kn, OK (Cas only alis to notchd ams) 3 = 97 kn 5-8

93 5 COLUMN SPLICES (BERING TYPE) Column slics ar dsignd assuming thy must rsist oth th axial comrssion and, hr aroriat, a nominal momnt rom th connction to th ams. In aring ty slics, th axial load is transrrd dirctly tn th nds o th column sctions (ith a division lat i ncssary du to th chang o srial siz) and not via th slics lats. Th lats rovid th slic ith adquat stinss and tying rsistanc. 5. Rcommndd dtails h uc uc 3 t,uc 5 h 6 4 t,lc 7 h lc lc W covr lat idth,5h uc Multil acks thicknss t a 3 W covr lat at last 4 no. M, 8.8 olts S nots For doul-sidd covr lats, thicknss t,uc / For singl-sidd covr lats, thicknss t,uc 4 Flang covr lat. Hight: h uc and 5 mm; Width: uc ; Thicknss: t t,uc / and mm 5 Bolts (normally untorqud in claranc hols) S nots 6 Packs arrangd as ncssary 7 Wid olt sacing or joint rigidity Ends o column sctions in dirct aring 5-83

94 t,uc 3 > Clat lngth >,5h uc W angl clats at last no. M, 8.8 olts ach sid 3 Multil acks thicknss t a 4 Flang covr lat as aov 5 Division lat thicknss should at last, [(h lc t,lc ) (h uc t,lc )]/ Dirct aring onto a division lat h uc uc t,uc 4 Lj 3 h 5 L j 6 t,lc h lc lc W covr lat idth,5h uc W covr lat at last 4 no. M, 8.8 olts 3 Flang covr lat. Hight: h uc and 45 mm; Width: ( uc t,lc r lc )/; Thicknss: t t,uc / and mm, (r lc = root radius) 4 Bolts (normally untorqud in claranc hols) S nots 5 Packs arrangd as ncssary 6 Wid olt sacing or joint rigidity Intrnal lang covr lats 5-84

95 Nots:. Bolt sacing and dg distancs should comly ith th rcommndations o EN :5. Th thicknss o th lang covr lat should at last th minimum o, t,uc / and /4. 3. Th thicknss mntiond in Not is in most cass suicint to transmit at last 5% o th maximum comrssiv orc in th column, as rquird y EN [ 6..7.(4)]. 4. Th column slics should locatd at aroximatly 6 mm aov loor am lvl. It is also rcommndd to us a minimum o our olts. In a racd ram, columns containing such slics ill hav satisactorily vn i th joint ctivly havs as a in. In ractic, tyical aring column slics as givn in this guid ill rovid signiicant stinss aout oth axs, although lss than ull stinss. 5. In common ractic th idth o th lang covr lat ould not gratr than th idth o th lor column lang. Hovr i th idth o th lang covr lat is narror than th ur column lang thn dg and nd distancs should chckd against th Eurocod (EN Tal 3.3). I thr is signiicant nt tnsion thn th olloing nots should adhrd to: [] 6. Bolt diamtrs must at last 75% o acking thicknss t a. 7. Th numr o lis in multil acks should not xcd our []. 8. Thr should not mor than on jum in srial siz o column at th slic. 9. I xtrnal and intrnal lang covrs ar to rovidd, th siz should similar to thos shon in th igurs and th comind thicknss o th xtrnal and intrnal covr lats must at last t,uc /. ll covr lats should at last mm thick. 5-85

96 5. Chcks or tnsion 5.. Nt tnsion 5... Nt tnsion cts N Ed, G M Ed V Ed V Ed M h N M N h Ed Ed, G Ed, G ( + Ed ) ( - ) Th olloing chcks th rsnc o nt tnsion du to axial load and nding momnt [4] : N Ed, G h I M Ed thn nt tnsion dos not occur and so th slic nd only dtaild to transmit axial comrssion y dirct aring. N Ed, G h I M Ed > thn nt tnsion dos occur and th lang covr lats and thir astnrs should chckd or tnsil orc, F Ed. F Ed = M h Ed N Ed,G M Ed is th nominal momnt du to actord rmannt and varial loads (i.. column dsign momnt) at th loor lvl immdiatly lo th slic. N Ed,G is th axial comrssiv orc du to actord rmannt loads only. h is consrvativly th ovrall dth o th smallr column (or xtrnal lang covr lats) or th cntrlin to cntrlin distanc tn th lang covr lats (or intrnal lang covr lats). Prloadd olts should usd hn nt tnsion inducs strss in th ur column lang > % o th dsign strngth o that column. 5-86

97 5... Tnsion rsistanc o th lang covr lat F Ed 3 F Ed Column lang Flang covr lat 3 Critical sction Basic rquirmnt: F Ed N t,rd N t,rd = min(n l,rd ; N u,rd ; N t,rd ) Tnsion rsistanc o gross sction N l,rd is th tnsion lastic rsistanc o th gross sction N l,rd = hr: M y, [EN ()] is th gross ara o th lang covr lat(s) attachd to on lang Tnsion rsistanc o nt sction N u,rd is th tnsion ultimat rsistanc o th nt ara,9 N u,rd = hr:,nt M u, [EN ()],nt is th nt ara o th lang covr lat(s) attachd to on lang,nt = n d t 5-87

98 Block taring rsistanc N t,rd is th lock taring rsistanc Figur Figur B For a concntrically loadd olt grou: N t,rd = V,,Rd V,,Rd = u, M,nt y,,nv [EN ()] 3 For ccntrically loadd olt grou: N t,rd = V,,Rd,5 V,,Rd = u, M,nt M y,,nv [EN (3)] 3 M hr: y,uc is th yild strngth o th ur column u,uc is th ultimat tnsil strngth o th th ur column,nv is th nt ara o th lang covr lat sujctd to shar,nv = t ( +(n ) (n,5)d ),nt is th nt ara o th lang covr lat sujctd to tnsion I,nt = t ( d ) (Figur ) I >,nt = t ( d ) (Figur B) M is th artial actor or th rsistanc o nt sctions Chck or signiicant nt tnsion: I t,uc hr: t,uc F Ed,uc y,uc >, thn rloadd olts should usd [4]. is th lang thicknss o th ur column 5-88

99 ,uc is th lang idth o th ur column Bolt grou rsistanc F Ed F Ed Column lang Flang covr lat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd F Rd, is th dsign rsistanc o olt grou [EN , 3.7()] F Rd = ΣF,Rd F Rd = n (F,Rd ) min F Rd = n F v,rd i (F,Rd ) max F v,rd i (F.Rd ) min F v,rd (F,Rd ) max i F v,rd (F,Rd ) min n is th numr o olts tn on lang covr lat and ur column Shar rsistanc o olts F v,rd is th shar rsistanc o a singl olt v F v,rd = hr: v u M =,6 or 4.6 and 8.8 olts =,5 or.9 olts is th tnsil strss ara o th olt, s [EN , Tal 3.4] β =, i t a d/3 [EN ()] 9d = 8d 3t i t a > d/3 t a M a is th total thicknss o th acking is th artial actor or rsistanc o olts 5-89

100 Chck or long joint: L j is th joint lngth rom EN [], 3.8 I L j > 5d th dsign shar rsistanc F v,rd should rducd y multilying it y a rduction actor β L. L L j 5d d Baring rsistanc F,Rd is th aring rsistanc o a singl olt k u, dt F,Rd = [EN Tal 3.4] M Not: I th thicknss o th column lang is lss than th thicknss o th lang covr lats, thn th aring rsistanc o th column lang should also chckd. For nd olts: = min u ; 3d u, ;, For innr olts: = min u ; ;, 4 u, 3d For dg olts: k = min,8,7;, 5 d For innr olts: k = min,4,7;, 5 d M is th artial actor or lat in aring Rsistanc o rloadd olts: F Ed F s,rd For joints dsignd to non-sli undr actord loads. F s,rd is th dsign sli rsistanc k n s s = F, C M3 [EN ()] 5-9

101 hr: k s n s =. or astnrs in standard claranc hols (Tal 3.6 o EN993--8) [] is th numr o riction suracs μ is th sli actor (Tal 8 o EN9- [] ) F,C = s,7 [EN ()] u s is th tnsil strss ara o th olt M3 is th artial actor or sli rsistanc at ultimat limit stat 5.3 Chck or horizontal shar For a aring ty slic, any horizontal shar V Ed is assumd to rsistd y riction across th slic intrac [4]. Basic rquirmnt: V Ed shar rsistanc o slic intrac Th coicint o riction μ or a stl intrac dnds uon th surac condition o th stl and on any coatings rovidd. Consrvativly, or stl ith no surac tratmnt, ith mill scal, th coicint o riction, μ may takn as,. Shar rsistanc o slic intrac = Vrtical load Coicint o riction 5.4 Chcks or vrtical tying F ti F ti I it is ncssary to comly ith structural intgrity rquirmnts, thn chcks 4... and should carrid out [4] ith: F Ed = F ti 5-9

102 Th yild strngth should rlacd ith th ultimat strngth. Th artial saty actors ( M, M ) should also rlacd ith th artial actor or tying rsistanc. ( Mu =,). Not:. Th structural intgrity chcks ar asd on th consrvativ assumtion that th ti orc is rsistd y th to lang covr lats. 5. F ti is th tnsil orc rom EN99--7,

103 5.5 Workd Examl Column Slic o 8 Calculation sht Mad y CZT Dat 6/9 Chckd y ENM Dat 7/9 5. Column Slic Dtails and data HEB 6 x 93 (S355 stl) HEB 3 x 7 (S355 stl) Flang covr lats: /6 55 Flang acks: /6 3 4 Clats: 4/9 9 8 ngls 5 long W Packs: /85 5 Division lat: Bolts: M 8.8 Fittings matrial: S75 stl 5 93

104 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic o 8 Summary o ull dsign chcks Dsign orcs N Ed,G N Ed,Q = 76 kn = 87 kn M Ed = knm (aout yy axis o column) V Ed = 6 kn Unlss notd othris, all rrncs ar to EN Tnsion rsistancs Nt tnsion Tnsil rsistanc o th lang covr lat Bolt grou rsistanc Horizontal shar rsistanc Tying rsistancs Tnsil rsistanc o th lang covr lat Bolt grou rsistanc 8 kn 7 kn 6 kn 9 kn 38 kn 5.. Rcommndd dtails Extrnal lang covr lats Hight, h uc and 45 mm Width, uc = 6 mm Say 6 mm, OK Maximum vrtical olt sacing, = 4t, i.. minimum thicknss is /4 Thicknss, t Say mm, = t,uc 7,5 and mm and 4 6 and mm and 4 = 8,75 mm and mm and,4 mm OK Packs, t a hlc h uc = Say 3 mm, OK Division lat Thicknss Say 5mm, OK = = 3 6 = 3 mm h t h t lc,lc uc, uc 3,5 6 7,5 = 7 mm 5 94

105 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic 3 o 8 W clats Us 998 angls to accommodat M olts in oosit ositions on adjoining lgs. Lngth,5h uc =,5 6 = 3 mm Say 5 mm, OK Packs, t a = t, lc t,uc 5.. Chcks or vrtical shar 5... Nt tnsion 5... Nt tnsion cts,5 = =,8 mm Say mm, OK N Ed, G h Basic rquirmnt or no nt tnsion: M Ed N M Ed Ed, G h = 76 6 = knm > 99 knm 3 = 99 knm Nt tnsion dos occur and th lang covr lats and thir astnings must chckd or a tnsil orc F Ed. F Ed = M N Ed Ed,G 76 = h 6 = 43 kn Tnsion rsistanc o th lang covr lat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed N t,rd Whr N t,rd = min N ; N N l, Rd u,rd ; t,rd Tnsion rsistanc o gross sction N l,rd = y, EN () M Gross ara, = 6 = 3 mm N l,rd = 3 75, 3 = 858 kn Tnsion rsistanc o nt sction N u,rd =,9,nt u, EN () M Nt ara,,nt = 6 = 59 mm N u,rd =,5 Thus N u,rd = 8 kn, = 8 kn 5 95

106 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic 4 o 8 Block taring rsistanc For concntrically loadd olt grou: N t,rd = V,,Rd 3..(3) = 55 = mm = 5 Hnc,nt = t ( d ) = (55 ) = 56 mm,nv = t ( +(n ) (n,5)d ) = (4 + ( )6 (,5)) = 48 mm V,,Rd =,5 3, N t,rd N t,rd F Ed = kn = min(858; 8; ) = 8 kn = 43 kn 8 kn, OK 3 = kn Chck or th suitaility o ordinary olts. (It is suicintly accurat to as this calculation on th gross ara o th lang) t,uc F Ed,uc y,uc 3 43 = =,4 <,, Thr is no signiicant nt tnsion in th column lang and th us o ordinary olts in claranc hols is satisactory. R [4] Bolt grou rsistanc = 4 = 6 = 55 =5 Flang covr lat Shar and aring rsistanc o th lang covr lat Basic rquirmnt: F Ed F Rd 5 96

107 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic 5 o 8 Th dsign rsistanc o th olt grou, F Rd, : F i, Rd F v, Rd Rd ΣF,Rd Rd n(f,rd) min F F i ( F, Rd ) min F v,rd ( F,Rd ) max max 3.7 FRd nfv,rd i v, Rd F,Rd min F Shar rsistanc o olts v u Tal 3.4 Th shar rsistanc o a singl olt, F v,rd = M actor to account or th long joint ct must introducd i L j > 5d 3.8 5d = 5 = 3 mm L j = 6 mm, < 5d Thror thr is no long joint ct. d Total thicknss o lang ack, t a = 3mm > 7 3 6, mm Thror F v,rd must multilid y a rduction actor β. β 9d 9 = = 8d 3t =,7 a For M 8.8 olts, F v,rd = Baring rsistanc Baring rsistanc, F,Rd =,68 45,7-3 = 68 kn,5 k dt Tal 3.4 u, M For dg olts, k = min,8,7;, 5 d = 5,3;,5 min =,5 55 = min,8,7;, 5 For nd olts α = min 3d ; u u, =,6;,86;, min =,6 For innr olts, α = u min,5; ;, 3d u, 6 8 = min,5; ;, 3 43 =,7;,86;, min =, 4 8 ;, = min ; ;,

108 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic 6 o 8 End olts, F,Rd,nd = F,Rd min = = 6 kn Innr olts, F,Rd,innr = F,Rd max = Thus F v,rd < F,Rd min = 6 kn,5,5,6 43 3,5,5, 43 3 F Rd F Ed = n F v,rd = 468 = 7 kn = 43 kn 7 kn, OK 5... Chck or horizontal shar For a aring ty slic, any horizontal shar V Ed is assumd to rsistd y riction across th slic intrac. Basic rquirmnt: V Ed shar rsistanc o slic intrac Vrtical load ith coxistnt shar Ed N 3 M Ed,G 76 = = 83 kn h 6 Shar rsistanc o slic intrac: 83, = 6kN V Ed = 6 kn 6 kn, OK R [4] 5.3. Structural intgrity Tying orc Chck 4... and should carrid out ith: F Ed F ti = F ti = F Ed 43 = 86 kn Tnsil rsistanc o th lang covr lat Basic rquirmnt: F ti N t,rd Whr N t,rd = min N ; N N l, Rd u,rd ; t,rd Tnsion rsistanc o th gross ara N l,rd = u, EN () Mu Gross ara, = 6 = 3 mm N l,rd = 3 43, 3 = kn 5 98

109 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic 7 o Tnsion rsistanc o th nt ara N u,rd =,9,nt u, EN () Mu Nt ara,,nt = 6 = 59 mm N u,rd =, , = 9 kn Thus N u,rd = 9 kn Block taring rsistanc For concntrically loadd olt grou: N t,rd = V,,Rd Tal 3.4 = 55 = mm = 5 Hnc,nt = t ( d ) = (55 ) = 56 mm,nv = t ( +(n ) (n,5)d ) = [4 + ( )6 (,5)] = 48 mm V,,Rd =, 3, N t,rd N t,rd F ti = 49 kn = min(; 9; 49) = 8 kn = 86 kn 9 kn, OK 3 = 49 kn Bolt grou rsistanc Shar and aring rsistanc o th lang covr lat Basic rquirmnt: F ti F Rd Th dsign rsistanc o th olt grou, F Rd, : FRd ΣF,Rd i F, Rd F max v, Rd FRd n ( F,Rd ) min i ( F, Rd ) min Fv,Rd ( F,Rd ) max 3.7 FRd n Fv,Rd i v, Rd F,Rd min F Shar rsistanc o olts v u Tal 3.4 Th shar rsistanc o a singl olt, F v,rd = actor to account or th long joint ct must introducd i L j > 5d 5d = 5 = 3 mm L j = 6 mm, < 5d Mu 5 99

110 Titl 5.4 Workd Examl Column Slic 8 o 8 Thror thr is no long joint ct. d Total thicknss o lang ack, t a = 3mm > 7 3 6, mm Thror F v,rd must multilid y a rduction actor β. 9d 9 β = = =,7 8d 3t a For M 8.8 olts, F v,rd = Baring rsistanc Baring rsistanc, F,Rd =, ,7 = 77 kn, k dt Tal 3.4 u, Mu For dg olts, k = min,8,7;, 5 d = 5,3;,5 min =,5 55 = min,8,7;, 5 For nd olts α = For innr olts, α = min 3d ; u u, =,6;,86;, min =,6 min 3d 4 8 ;, = min ; ;, 3 43 u,5; ;, u, 6 8 = min,5; ;, 3 43 =,7;,86;, min =, End olts, F,Rd,nd = F,Rd min = Innr olts, F,Rd,innr = F,Rd max = Thus F v,rd < F F Rd,Rd min = n F v,rd = 477 = 38 kn F ti = 86 kn 38 kn, OK,,5, = 43kN,,5, 43 3 = 35 kn 5

111 6 COLUMN BSES This dsign mthod alid to ixd ass o I sction columns transmitting an axial comrssiv orc, and a shar orc (i.. a nominally innd column as). Th rctangular as lat is ldd to th column sction in a symmtrically osition so that it has rojctions yond th column lang outr dgs on all sids. 6. Bas lat siz h h h Basic rquirmnt: rq [Rrnc 4] = ara o as lat = h or rctangular lats rq = rquird ara o as lat = F Ed jd jd = 3 cd hr: = d min max h,, h,, 3 [Rrnc 3] h I som dimnsions ar unknon, a valu o =,5 is gnrally aroriat. h d h is th lngth o th as lat is th idth o th as lat is th dth o th concrt oundation is th lngth o th concrt oundation 5

112 t h is th idth o th concrt oundation is th lang thicknss o th column is th additional idth outsid o th as lat t / = is th additional dth outsid o th as lat h h t / = ck cd = c [EN 99--, 3..6()] c c α cc is a coicint that taks into account long trm cts on th comrssiv strngth and o unavoral cts rsulting rom th ay th load is alid. [3] c is th matrial actor or concrt rom EN 99--,.4..4 [3] Concrt class C/5 C5/3 C3/37 C35/45 Cylindr strngth, ck (N/mm) Cu strngth, ck,cu (N/mm) Calculation o c h c Projction, c t = lang thicknss t = thicknss c + t Basic rquirmnt: rq = I c h t, thn thr is no ovrla. Thus c may calculatd rom th olloing quations or I and H sctions: 4c + Pr col c + col hr: col is th cross sctional ara o th column Pr col is th column rimtr I c > h t, thn thr is an ovrla. Thus c may calculatd rom th olloing quations or I and H sctions: 4c + (h + )c + h 5

113 To nsur that th ctiv ara its on th as lat: h + c < h + c < 6.3 Bas lat thicknss t c c + t Basic rquirmnt: t t,min t,min = c 3 jd y M [Rrnc 3] hr: y is th yild strngth o th as lat jd = 3 cd cd = c c ck c, α cc, c, ck, and c ar as dind rviously. 5 3

114 6.4 Bas lat lds N Ed t V Ed Basic rquirmnt: For shar: V Ed F,Rd l ld,shar [Rrnc 4] For axial load: This chck is only ncssary hn th contact acs o th column and as lat ar not in tight aring. S Rrnc [4] or mor dtails. F Ed F,Rd l ld,axial hr: F,Rd is th rsistanc o th illt ld r unit lngth = v,d a v,d = M [EN (3)] u is ultimat tnsil strngth o th akr art joind =,8 or S35 stl =,85 or S75 stl =,9 or S355 stl =, or S46 stl a is th ld throat l ld,shar is total ctiv lngth o th lds in th dirction o shar l ld,shar = l s (or IPE, HE, HD sctions) u 3 l is th ld lngth in th dirction o shar l ld,axial is th total ctiv lngth o th lds to th column lang or rolld sctions M is th artial actor or lds rom EN Th lg lngth is dind as ollos: s a 5 4

115 6.5 Workd Examl Column as o 3 Calculation sht Mad y CZT Dat 6/9 Chckd y ENM Dat 7/9 6. Column as Dtails and data HD 3 x 7 S355 Unlss notd othris, all rrncs ar to EN N Ed = 43kN V Ed= kn = 3N/mm ck Bas lat S75 8 mm illt lds 3 M4 grad 4.6 holding don olts 4 Contact acs o th column and th as lat ar in dirct aring 5 5