On the Role of Fitness, Precision, Generalization and Simplicity in Process Discovery
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1 On th Rol of Fitnss, Prcision, Gnrliztion n Simplicity in Procss Discovry Joos Buijs Bouwijn vn Dongn Wil vn r Alst
2 Avncs in Procss ining ny procss iscovry n conformnc chcking lgorithms n tools r vilbl (cf. th vrious Pro pckgs). Also commrcil softwr bs on ths is: Disco (Fluxicon), Rflct (Futur/Prcptiv), BPOn (Plls Athn/Prcptiv), ARIS Procss Prformnc ngr (Softwr AG), Intrstg Automt Procss Discovry (Fujitsu), QPR ProcssAnlyzr/Anlysis (QPR Softwr), flow (foursprk), Discovry Anlyst (StroLOGIC), tc. W ppli procss mining in ovr 100 orgniztions. or thn 75 popl involving mor thn 50 orgniztions crt th Procss ining nifsto in th contxt of th IEEE Tsk Forc on Procss ining. Avilbl in 13 lngugs PAGE 1
3 Exmpl Procss Discovry (Vsti, Dutch housing gncy, 208 css, 5987 vnts) PAGE 2
4 Exmpl: Conformnc Chcking (WOZ objctions Dutch municiplity, 745 objctions, 9583 vnt, f= 0.988) PAGE 3
5 Chllng: Four Compting Qulity Critri bl to rply vnt log rply fitnss Occm s rzor simplicity procss iscovry gnrliztion not ovrfitting th log prcision not unrfitting th log PAGE 4
6 Exmpl: on log four mols strt rgistr b thoroughly c csully chck tickt ci f rinitit g py compnstion h rjct N 1 : fitnss = +, prcision = +, gnrliztion = +, simplicity = + n # trc 455 ch 191 bg 177 ch 144 bh bl to rply vnt log rply fitnss procss iscovry Occm s rzor simplicity strt strt rgistr rgistr c csully csully thoroughly c ci b chck tickt f chck tickt ci rinitit py compnstion rjct rjct N 2 : fitnss = -, prcision = +, gnrliztion = -, simplicity = + N 3 : fitnss = +, prcision = -, gnrliztion = +, simplicity = + g h h n n 111 cg 82 cg 56 bh 47 cfbh 38 bg 33 cfbh 14 cfbg 11 cfbg 9 cfch 8 cfbh gnrliztion not ovrfitting th log prcision not unrfitting th log strt rgistr rgistr rgistr rgistr chck tickt c csully chck tickt c csully (ll c csully chck tickt c csully chck tickt ci ci ci ci 21 vrints sn in th log) g py compnstion g py compnstion h rjct h rjct n 5 cfbg 3 cfbfbg 2 cfbg 2 cfbfbg 1 cfbfbh 1 bfbfbg 1 cfbfcfbg 1391 b rgistr thoroughly chck tickt ci g py compnstion rgistr chck tickt b thoroughly ci h rjct rgistr b thoroughly chck tickt ci rjct N 4 : fitnss = +, prcision = +, gnrliztion = -, simplicity = - h PAGE 5
7 strt ol N 1 rgistr b thoroughly c csully chck tickt ci rinitit py compnstion rjct N 1 : fitnss = +, prcision = +, gnrliztion = +, simplicity = + f g h n # trc 455 ch 191 bg 177 ch 144 bh 111 cg 82 cg 56 bh 47 cfbh 38 bg 33 cfbh 14 cfbg 11 cfbg 9 cfch 8 cfbh 5 cfbg 3 cfbfbg 2 cfbg 2 cfbfbg 1 cfbfbh 1 bfbfbg 1 cfbfcfbg 1391 PAGE 6
8 strt ol N 2 rgistr c csully chck tickt ci rjct N 2 : fitnss = -, prcision = +, gnrliztion = -, simplicity = + h n # trc 455 ch 191 bg 177 ch 144 bh 111 cg 82 cg 56 bh 47 cfbh 38 bg 33 cfbh 14 cfbg 11 cfbg 9 cfch 8 cfbh 5 cfbg 3 cfbfbg 2 cfbg 2 cfbfbg 1 cfbfbh 1 bfbfbg 1 cfbfcfbg 1391 PAGE 7
9 strt ol N 3 rgistr csully thoroughly c ci b chck tickt rinitit py compnstion rjct N 3 : fitnss = +, prcision = -, gnrliztion = +, simplicity = + f g h n # trc 455 ch 191 bg 177 ch 144 bh 111 cg 82 cg 56 bh 47 cfbh 38 bg 33 cfbh 14 cfbg 11 cfbg 9 cfch 8 cfbh 5 cfbg 3 cfbfbg 2 cfbg 2 cfbfbg 1 cfbfbh 1 bfbfbg 1 cfbfcfbg 1391 PAGE 8
10 ol N 4 strt rgistr rgistr rgistr rgistr chck tickt c csully chck tickt c csully (ll csully chck tickt c csully chck tickt b rgistr rgistr rgistr thoroughly chck tickt b thoroughly c chck tickt ci ci ci ci rjct h rjct N 4 : fitnss = +, prcision = +, gnrliztion = -, simplicity = - 21 vrints sn in th log) chck tickt b thoroughly ci ci ci g py compnstion g py compnstion h g py compnstion h rjct h rjct n # trc 455 ch 191 bg 177 ch 144 bh 111 cg 82 cg 56 bh 47 cfbh 38 bg 33 cfbh 14 cfbg 11 cfbg 9 cfch 8 cfbh 5 cfbg 3 cfbfbg 2 cfbg 2 cfbfbg 1 cfbfbh 1 bfbfbg 1 cfbfcfbg 1391 PAGE 9
11 Anothr chllng: Hug srch spc PAGE 10
12 with just fw intrsting cnits PAGE 11
13 Two rquirmnts 1. It shoul b possibl to smlssly blnc th iffrnt qulity critri bs on usr-fin prfrncs. bl to rply vnt log rply fitnss gnrliztion not ovrfitting th log procss iscovry Occm s rzor simplicity prcision not unrfitting th log 2. Th lgorithm shoul lwys rturn "corrct" procss mol n not wst tim on mol hving locks n othr nomlis. PAGE 12
14 Proposl: Evolutionry Tr inr (ET) Procss trs s rprsnttion (= limit srch spc to "goo" mols). Gntic pproch (= vry flxibl) Fitnss function uss ll four critri (= smlssly blnc th iffrnt "forcs") PAGE 13
15 Rprsnttionl Bis: Procss Trs A Alwys soun bcus of th block structur Also Loop n OR oprtor A X D E B C D B C A B A (BA)* E PAGE 14
16 Ptri Nt Smntics (us for comprison n conformnc chcking only) A B A Squnc A Prllllism B Exclusiv Choic B A A Loop B Or Choic B PAGE 15
17 Stps of th Gntic ET Algorithm Chng Popultion Crt Initil Popultion sur Qulity No Stop? Ys Rturn Bst Iniviul PAGE 16
18 Popultion Chng Elit Popultion i Popultion i+1 Slction Rplc Crossovr uttion PAGE 17
19 Four trics (s ppr) bl to rply vnt log rply fitnss Occm s rzor simplicity procss iscovry gnrliztion not ovrfitting th log prcision not unrfitting th log 1 = optiml 0 = vry b PAGE 18
20 Exmpl B E A C G D F A = sn -mil, B = chck crit, C = clcult cpcity, D = chck systm, E = ccpt, F = rjct, G = sn -mil PAGE 19
21 Convntionl Algorithms (1/3) ("bst ffort" mpping to procss trs to llow for comprison) lph minr ILP minr low fitnss lngug-bs rgion minr low prcision low fitnss PAGE 20
22 Convntionl Algorithms (2/3) huristic minr multi-phs minr PAGE 21
23 Convntionl Algorithms (3/3) gntic minr stt-bs rgion minr PAGE 22
24 Oftn unsoun rsult n no mchnism to smlssly blnc th four critri PAGE 23
25 Gntic ining (ET) Whil Consiring Only On Critrion bst vlu possibl for this log ET with wight zro to thr out of four prspctivs. PAGE 24
26 Consiring Rply Fitnss n On Othr Critrion ET with wight zro to two out of four prspctivs. PAGE 25
27 Consiring 3 of 4 Critri rply fitnss ns to hv lrgr wight PAGE 26
28 Consiring All Four Critri with Emphsis on Fitnss fitnss hs wight 10 PAGE 27
29 Initil ol Vrsus Discovr ol simult iscovr by ET B E A C G D F PAGE 28
30 Rl-Lif Evnt Logs Evnt log L0 is th vnt log us bfor. L0 contins 100 trcs, 590 vnts n 7 ctivitis. Evnt Log L1 contins 105 trcs, 743 vnts in totl, with 6 iffrnt ctivitis. Evnt Log L2 contins 444 trcs, vnts in totl, with 6 iffrnt ctivitis. Evnt Log L3 contins 274 trcs, 1:582 vnts in totl, with 6 iffrnt ctivitis. Evnt logs L1, L2 n L3 r xtrct from th informtion systms of municiplitis prticipting in th CoSLoG projct ( PAGE 29
31 Rsults If unsoun, th soun bhvior is pproximt whn crting th procss tr. Equl wights for ll critri. PAGE 30
32 Conclusion bl to rply vnt log rply fitnss Occm s rzor simplicity procss iscovry gnrliztion not ovrfitting th log prcision not unrfitting th log First lgorithm tht llows for blncing ll four prspctivs. Gntic lgorithm is vry flxibl, but lso vry slow. Procss trs only us intrnlly (choos your fvorit rprsnttion) Futur work: Improv sp Distribut P tsks Discovr configurbl procss trs PAGE 34
33 PAGE 35
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