ON THE MOMENTS OF ITERATED TAIL
|
|
- Hugh Lawrence
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ON THE MOMENTS OF ITERATED TAIL RADU PĂLTĂNEA and GHEORGHIŢĂ ZBĂGANU The classical distribution in ruins theory has the property that the sequence of the first moment of the iterated tails is convergent We give sufficient conditions under which this property holds and also, we construct a counterexample that shows that this property it is not generally true AMS 2 Subject Classification: 6E5, 4A5 Key words: moments, integrated tail BASIC DEFINITIONS AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Let Ω, K, P be a probability space and L = p Lp + Ω, K, P Thus, X L iff X as and EX p < for every p < Let M be the set of the distributions of the random variables X L In other words, F M iff F [, = and x p df x < p < The integral x p df x = EX p will be denoted by µ p F It is the pth moment of X We shall denote by F x the distribution function of F and by F x its right tail Precisely, F x will stand for F [, x] and F x for F x, The set of absolutely continuous probability distribution from M will be denoted by M ac The density of F provided that it does exist will be denoted by f F and the hazard rate see eg [2] by λ F The hazard rate of an absolutely continuous distribution F M is defined by λ F x = f F x F x or, alternatively, by 2 F x = e x λ F ydy The characteristic function of F will be denoted by ϕ F and the moment generating function abbreviated as mgf by m F Thus, for t R, 3 ϕ F t = e itx df x, m F t = e tx df x MATH REPORTS 363, 2, 65 74
2 66 Radu Păltănea and Gheorghiţă Zbăganu 2 or, integrating by parts 4 ϕ F t = + it Let t F be defined by e itx F xdx, m F t = + t 5 t F = sup{t R; m F t < } e tx F xdx If t F = we say that F is short tailed; if t F = we call F long tailed and if < t F <, F is medium tailed See eg [4] In renewal and ruin theories the following distribution is of interest: it is called the integrated tail see eg [], [3] or [4] It is defined for F M by x 6 F I x =, for x < and F I x = F ydy, for x F ydy The main result in [3] was the following Theorem 35, Corollary 37 Theorem A Consider the operator T : M ac M ac defined by T F = F I Suppose that the limit λ F does exist Then i λ F = t F, where t F is defined by 5; ii if F is medium tailed, then T n F Expλ F, n ; if F is short tailed, then T n F δ, n ; if F is long tailed, then T n F does not converge at all To be precise, in the case of long tails the result was that the mass of T n F vanishes at infinity: T n F x as n, for x Recall that if λ F λ G, we say that G is HR-dominated by F and write G HR F Obviously, G HR F G st F : the HR-domination implies the stochastic one Further on, if λ F is non-decreasing, then F is called a IFRdistribution and if λ F is non-increasing, then F is a DFR-distribution see eg [2], [8] The main tool used in [3] were the HR-monotonousness properties of T Propositions 25, 26 and 3 We state them in a shortened way: Lemma Let F, G M ac Then i λ F λ G λ T F λ T G ; ii if λ F is non-increasing respectively non-decreasing, then λ T F is non-increasing respectively non-decreasing too; iii if F IFR then T F HR F, and if F DFR then F HR T F In this paper we are concerned with studying the moments of T n F in order to find another property of the moments of a random variable, besides the already known ones see [9] Our result is Theorem B Let F M ac and let µ k = x k df x be the moment of order k Suppose that the limit λ F of the hazard rate does exist
3 3 On the moments of iterated tail 67 Then µ n+ 7 lim = n nµ n λ F with the convention that = Moreover, if λ F does not exist, it is possible that the limit 7 does not exist, too This result can be reformulated in terms of the first moment of T n F 2 MOMENTS OF T n F Proposition Moments of F I Let F M, µ k = µ k F be the moments of F, ϕ be the characteristic function of F I Then 2 x k df I x := µ k F = µ k+, k k + µ Proof We know ϕ I t = ϕt itµ Then µ k F I = ϕ I k i k ϕ I t = lim t i k t k /k! = lim k!ϕt tµ t i k+ t k+ µ If we apply l Hospital s rule k + times, the last limit is µ k+ k+µ Proposition 2 Let F M Let F n = T n F and µ n,k = x k df n x be the moments of F n Let also µ m = x m df x be the moments of F Then 22 µ n,k = µ n+k µn n+k k Proof Let ϕ be the characteristic function of F and ϕ n be the characteristic function of T n F The recurrence between the characteristic functions ϕ n is 23 ϕ n+ t = ϕ nt tϕ n which can be better written as 24 ϕ n t = + tϕ n ϕ n+ t Let z n = ϕ n With our notation, one can easily see that z n = iµ n Let k By differentiating 24 k times and applying Leibniz s formula one gets 25 ϕ n k+ t = z n tϕ n+ k+ t + k + ϕ n+ k t
4 68 Radu Păltănea and Gheorghiţă Zbăganu 4 For t = we find that i k+ µ n,k+ = i k+ µ n, µ n+,k Hence the moments satisfy the recurrence 26 µ n,k+ = k + µ n, µ n+,k µ n+,k = µ n,k+ k + µ n, Then we prove by induction 26a µ n+,k = µ n j+,k+j, j n + µn j+,j k+j j Indeed, for j =, relation 26a coincides with relation 26 If 26a is true for j n, then applying again relation 26 we find µ n+,k = µ n j+,k+j = µn j+,j k+j j µ n j,k+j+ k+j+µ n j, µn j j+ k+j j = µ n j,k+j+ k+j+ j+µ n j, j+ µn j,j+ For j = n + one gets µ n+,k = get 22 µ n+k+ n+k+ n+ µ n+ Replacing n with n we Corollary 3 With the same notation as in Proposition 2, the first moment of F n is 27 µ n, = µ n+ n + µ n Proof Obvious Now we take into account the monotonicity properties stated in Lemma Proposition 4 Let F M ac and let λ be the hazard rate of F i If F IFR then µn+ n+µ n n λ as n ii If F DFR then µn+ n+µ n as n n λ Proof If F IFR then the sequence of random variables F n n, F n = T n F, is HR-decreasing This implies that F n+ HR F n Therefore, µ F n+ µ F n, see eg [8] Thus the sequence µ n, n is non-increasing It must have a limit But we know that F n Expλ By Beppo-Levi s theorem, the first moments of F n should converge to the first moment of Expλ, that is, to λ If F DFR and λ =, then the sequence µn+ n+µ n n cannot have other limit but For, if that limit would be λ R let us say then, by 22, µ n,k = µ n+k would converge to k!λ k, k N Hence F n+k n would k µ n converge to Expλ, contradiction
5 5 On the moments of iterated tail 69 Proof of Theorem B direct part Let λ = λ F Suppose first that < λ < Let 28 λ x = inf λx, and λ x = sup λx,, x Then λ λ λ, λ is non-decreasing, λ is non-increasing Moreover, as λ = λ does exist, λ = λ = λ Let F be the distribution with hazard rate λ and F be the distribution with hazard rate λ Then F IFR, F DFR and F HR F HR F According to the above lemma iii, the sequence T n F n is HR-increasing since F is a DFR distribution and T n F n is HR-decreasing since F is a IFR distribution By the same lemma i we have the inequalities 29 T n F HR T n F HR T n F It follows that µ T n F µ T n F µ T n F According to 27 we obtain the inequalities 2 µ T n F µ n+ n + µ n µ T n F But the sequence µ T n F n is increasing and the sequence µ T n F n is decreasing Moreover, T n F Expλ and T n F Expλ as n, Theorem A and the convergence is monotonous According to Beppo-Levi s theorem, µ T n F µ Expλ and µ T n F µ Expλ The proof is complete since µ Expλ = λ Consider now the case λ = We use the inequality T n F HR T n F from 29 We know Theorem A that T n F is decreasing and converges to µ n+ n+µ n δ Then µ T n F must converge to Hence converges to, too The last case is when λ = We use the inequality T n F HR T n F According to Theorem A, the tails T n F x converge to and the convergence is monotonous Thus µ T n F = T n F xdx is increasing and, again by Beppo-Levi s theorem, its limit is dx = Example The Poisson distribution Let F = Poissonλ It is true that Theorem B cannot be applied as it is stated, since F is not absolutely continuous But if we replace F by T F = F I, we obtain an absolutely continuous distribution with λ = It means that for the Poisson distribution with λ = we have lim n µ n+ nµ n = lim n µ n+ n+µ n = = Remark The Poisson distribution F = Poissonλ has no simple formula for the moments It is known that µ n F = P n λ, where P n λ are the so called Touchard Polynomials in λ see [5] They are obtained by the
6 7 Radu Păltănea and Gheorghiţă Zbăganu 6 recurrence T n+ λ = λ n k= n k Pk λ Our result says that T n+ λ 2 lim n nt n λ = In the particular case λ =, the values T n are famous under the name of Bell numbers They represent the number of possible partitions of a n-point set and are denoted by B n [] A particular case of 2 points out that lim n B n+ nb n = It is funny that we were able to check the last limit using brute force, but not for 2 Indeed, it is known see [7] that B n ne n+ λn lim n [λn] n+5 =, n W n where this time λn = and W is the so called Lambert function: W : [, [, is the inverse of the function x xe x Using these facts we can prove that for the distribution Poisson we have B n+ nb n = C n, where C is some constant The real problem is whether the limit of T n F does always exist if λ is bounded? Is it true that the sequence µn+ n+µ n n has always a limit? If the second question has an answer in the affirmative, the same would hold for the first one But the answer is NO: there exist medium tailed distributions F for which the sequence µn+ is bounded and divergent Of course in this n+µ n n case λ F cannot have any limit to infinity Proof of the second part of Theorem B We construct a distribution F µ M ac for which the limit lim n n n+µ n does not exist For ρ >, c >, µ > and k >, denote 22 Ac, ρ = 3c ρ + 9 ln 3 23 Bc, ρ, ν, k = 3 c k + ρ + 3 2k + ν ln 3 We can choose the numbers < ρ < 2, < c <, < ν < 6 and k N, such that for all k k to have Ac, ρ < and Bc, ρ, µ, k < Indeed, choose two numbers q, q 2 such that 9 ln 3 < q < q 2 < 5 9 We can fix the number < c < such that 3 c < q 2 Then we can find a number η > such that Bc, ρ, ν, k < if ρ, ν, 3 k, η Fix ν, η such that ν < 6 and fix k Nsuch that 3 k, η Finally, we can choose ρ, η such that ρ < 2 and ρ + 9 ln 3 < q It follows Ac, ρ < q q 2 < and Bc, ρ, ν, k <
7 7 On the moments of iterated tail 7 for k k Denote 24 p =: Ac, ρ and r = Bc, ρ, ν, k For k N, define Let M = j= = { 3 k+ρ k even 3 k k odd and b k = 3 j < The function f, given by f = j= M [aj,a j +3 j ] k i= 3 3i+c is a density function since it is positive, integrable and ftdt = The corresponding distribution F given by F x = for x and F x = x ftdt for x > is clear an absolute continuous function Denote S n = µ n+ nµ n, n N, where the moments µ n, n N, are defined as above We show that the sequence S n n has not limit First note that aj +3 j µ 3 k = t 3k dt ak +3 k t 3k dt M Mb k j= and on the other hand µ 3 k Mb k In other words, where Similarly, where ak +3 k µ 3 k = a j t 3k dt Mb k γ k j k µ 3 k + = γ k j k Mb k + ak +3 k 3 k j bk ak +3 k 3 k j bk j k t 3k dt 3 k j bk aj + 3 j t 3k + dt aj + 3 j [ + γ k ], 3 k aj + 3 j 3 k [ + γ k ], 3 k +
8 72 Radu Păltănea and Gheorghiţă Zbăganu 8 We shall prove that 25 lim ρ k =, k For this it is sufficient to show that lim k ρ k = 26 lim k max{γ k, γ k } = Let j, k N Using the inequality < ρ < 2, the inequalities a j + 3 j <, j < k and a j + 3 j >, j > k are immediate, independently if k and j are odd or even It follows that k max{γ k, γk } 3 k j bk Also j= aj + 3 j 3 k := T k + T k 2 + j=k+ 3 k j bk Limit of T k Let j < k Hence k 2 First we have aj + 3 j k b k = 3 k i=j So that we obtain T k 3 3i+c = 3 3 j+ρ + 3 j 3 k k i=j 3 k 3 i+c = 3 2 3c 3 k 3 j aj + 3 j = 3 j k+ρ3k + 3 2j ρ 3 k 3 j k+ρ3k e 3k 2j ρ = 3 j k+ρ3k + ln 3 3k 2j ρ j= 3 3k Gj,k, where 3 k + Gj, k = 2 3c 3 j k + j k + ρ + 3 2j+ρ + k j3 k ln 3 2 3c 3 j k + j k + ρ + 9 ln 3 + k j 9 It is immediate that the function Ψs = 2 3c 3 s 8 9 s+ρ+ 9 ln 3, s, is decreasing By taking into account 26 we obtain Gj, k Ψ = p Then T k k 3 kp and lim T k = k Limit of T2 k Let k < j We have j j b k = 3 3i+c = 3 3 i+c i=k = 3 2 3c 3 k 3 j i=k
9 9 On the moments of iterated tail 73 Also, similarly as above we obtain aj + 3 j 3 k 3 j k+ρ3k ++ ln 3 3k +3 2j ρ Let ν be the number fixed at the beginning It follows T 2 3 3k Hj,k νj k, where Hj, k = 3c j=k+ 2 3j k [ k 3c 2 3j k + ] j k+ρ+ 3 2j+ρ ln k [ j k + ρ + 3 2k ln 3 +k j 3 k ν ] + νj k For a fixed number k, consider the function Θs = 2 3c 3 s k [ s + ρ + 3 2k ln 3] + νs s We have Θ s = 2 3c+s ln k + ν 3 2 ln ν < Taking into account relation 26 we obtain, Hj, k Θ = r for k k It follows, for such integers k, that T2 k 3 3k r νj k 3 p 3k ν 3 3k ν = 3 3k ν j=k+ p= and then lim T 2 k = Relations 25 are proved k +γk Now, we have S 3 k = I k +γ k where But I k = ak +3 k / t 3k + dt 3 k a 3 k k 3 k + 3 k I k + 3 k 3 k ak +3 k t 3k dt ak + 3 k 3k From relations 2 and from lim ak =, we find k +3 k Finally, we deduce lim S 32l = 3ρ while l lim S 3 k k = lim k 3 k lim l S 3 2l+ = Since the sequence S n n has two different limit points it has no limit 3 k
10 74 Radu Păltănea and Gheorghiţă Zbăganu REFERENCES [] S Assmussen, Applied Probabilities and Queues Wiley, New York, 987 [2] RE Barlow and F Prochan, Mathematical Theory of Reliability Wiley, New York, 965 [3] H Cramer, Collective Risk Theory Skandia Jubilee Volume, Stockholm, 955 [4] P Embrechts, C Kluppelberg and T Mikosch, Modelling Extremal Events for Insurance and Finance Springer, Berlin, 997 [5] NL Johnson, S Kotz and AW Kemp, Univariate Discrete Distributions, 2nd Edition Wiley, New York, 993 [6] S Karlin and HM Taylor, A Second Course in Stochastic Processes Academic Press, New York, 98 [7] L Lovász, Combinatorial Problems and Exercises, 2nd Edition North-Holland, Amsterdam, 993 [8] M Shaked, and JG Shantikumar, Stochastic Orders and their Applications Academic Press, New York, 994 [9] JA Shohat and JD Tamarkin, The Problem of Moments American Mathematical Society, New York, 943 [] numbers [] W function [2] polynomials [3] G Zbăganu, On iterated integrated tail To appear in Proceedings of the Romanian Academy Received 7 June 29 Transilvania University Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics 536 Braşov, Romania radupaltanea@yahoocom and University of Bucharest Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics Str Academiei 4 79 Bucharest Romania zbagang@fmiunibucro
Monotonicity and Aging Properties of Random Sums
Monotonicity and Aging Properties of Random Sums Jun Cai and Gordon E. Willmot Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 E-mail: jcai@uwaterloo.ca,
More informationCharacterizations on Heavy-tailed Distributions by Means of Hazard Rate
Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series Vol. 19, No. 1 (23) 135 142 Characterizations on Heavy-tailed Distributions by Means of Hazard Rate Chun Su 1, Qi-he Tang 2 1 Department of Statistics
More informationAsymptotic Analysis of Exceedance Probability with Stationary Stable Steps Generated by Dissipative Flows
Asymptotic Analysis of Exceedance Probability with Stationary Stable Steps Generated by Dissipative Flows Uğur Tuncay Alparslan a, and Gennady Samorodnitsky b a Department of Mathematics and Statistics,
More informationC.7. Numerical series. Pag. 147 Proof of the converging criteria for series. Theorem 5.29 (Comparison test) Let a k and b k be positive-term series
C.7 Numerical series Pag. 147 Proof of the converging criteria for series Theorem 5.29 (Comparison test) Let and be positive-term series such that 0, for any k 0. i) If the series converges, then also
More informationWeighted Sums of Orthogonal Polynomials Related to Birth-Death Processes with Killing
Advances in Dynamical Systems and Applications ISSN 0973-5321, Volume 8, Number 2, pp. 401 412 (2013) http://campus.mst.edu/adsa Weighted Sums of Orthogonal Polynomials Related to Birth-Death Processes
More informationA Note On The Erlang(λ, n) Risk Process
A Note On The Erlangλ, n) Risk Process Michael Bamberger and Mario V. Wüthrich Version from February 4, 2009 Abstract We consider the Erlangλ, n) risk process with i.i.d. exponentially distributed claims
More informationFinite-time Ruin Probability of Renewal Model with Risky Investment and Subexponential Claims
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 29 Vol II WCE 29, July 1-3, 29, London, U.K. Finite-time Ruin Probability of Renewal Model with Risky Investment and Subexponential Claims Tao Jiang Abstract
More informationAnalysis of the ruin probability using Laplace transforms and Karamata Tauberian theorems
Analysis of the ruin probability using Laplace transforms and Karamata Tauberian theorems Corina Constantinescu and Enrique Thomann Abstract The classical result of Cramer-Lundberg states that if the rate
More informationON LINEAR RECURRENCES WITH POSITIVE VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS IN BANACH SPACES
ON LINEAR RECURRENCES WITH POSITIVE VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS IN BANACH SPACES ALEXANDRU MIHAIL The purpose of the paper is to study the convergence of a linear recurrence with positive variable coefficients
More information2 markets. Money is gained or lost in high volatile markets (in this brief discussion, we do not distinguish between implied or historical volatility)
HARCH processes are heavy tailed Paul Embrechts (embrechts@math.ethz.ch) Department of Mathematics, ETHZ, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Rudolf Grübel (rgrubel@stochastik.uni-hannover.de) Institut für Mathematische
More informationNOTE ON A FIXED POINT THEOREM
Fixed Point Theory, Volume 5, No. 1, 2004, 81-85 http://www.math.ubbcluj.ro/ nodeacj/sfptcj.htm NOTE ON A FIXED POINT THEOREM DOREL MIHEŢ West University of Timişoara Faculty of Mathematics Bv. V. Parvan
More informationCharacterization through Hazard Rate of heavy tailed distributions and some Convolution Closure Properties
Characterization through Hazard Rate of heavy tailed distributions and some Convolution Closure Properties Department of Statistics and Actuarial - Financial Mathematics, University of the Aegean October
More informationMathematics Department, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
REVSTAT Statistical Journal Volume 14, Number 3, June 216, 229 244 PROPERTIES OF n-laplace TRANSFORM RATIO ORDER AND -CLASS OF LIFE DISTRIBUTIONS Authors: Jalil Jarrahiferiz Mathematics Department, Birjand
More informationRuin probabilities in multivariate risk models with periodic common shock
Ruin probabilities in multivariate risk models with periodic common shock January 31, 2014 3 rd Workshop on Insurance Mathematics Universite Laval, Quebec, January 31, 2014 Ruin probabilities in multivariate
More informationAnalysis-3 lecture schemes
Analysis-3 lecture schemes (with Homeworks) 1 Csörgő István November, 2015 1 A jegyzet az ELTE Informatikai Kar 2015. évi Jegyzetpályázatának támogatásával készült Contents 1. Lesson 1 4 1.1. The Space
More informationPreservation of Classes of Discrete Distributions Under Reliability Operations
Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 1 (May 2013), 1-10 Preservation of Classes of Discrete Distributions Under Reliability Operations I. Elbatal 1 and M. Ahsanullah 2 1 Institute
More informationAsymptotics of random sums of heavy-tailed negatively dependent random variables with applications
Asymptotics of random sums of heavy-tailed negatively dependent random variables with applications Remigijus Leipus (with Yang Yang, Yuebao Wang, Jonas Šiaulys) CIRM, Luminy, April 26-30, 2010 1. Preliminaries
More information2905 Queueing Theory and Simulation PART III: HIGHER DIMENSIONAL AND NON-MARKOVIAN QUEUES
295 Queueing Theory and Simulation PART III: HIGHER DIMENSIONAL AND NON-MARKOVIAN QUEUES 16 Queueing Systems with Two Types of Customers In this section, we discuss queueing systems with two types of customers.
More informationMultivariate Risk Processes with Interacting Intensities
Multivariate Risk Processes with Interacting Intensities Nicole Bäuerle (joint work with Rudolf Grübel) Luminy, April 2010 Outline Multivariate pure birth processes Multivariate Risk Processes Fluid Limits
More informationPositive and null recurrent-branching Process
December 15, 2011 In last discussion we studied the transience and recurrence of Markov chains There are 2 other closely related issues about Markov chains that we address Is there an invariant distribution?
More informationMATH MEASURE THEORY AND FOURIER ANALYSIS. Contents
MATH 3969 - MEASURE THEORY AND FOURIER ANALYSIS ANDREW TULLOCH Contents 1. Measure Theory 2 1.1. Properties of Measures 3 1.2. Constructing σ-algebras and measures 3 1.3. Properties of the Lebesgue measure
More informationOn lower limits and equivalences for distribution tails of randomly stopped sums 1
On lower limits and equivalences for distribution tails of randomly stopped sums 1 D. Denisov, 2 S. Foss, 3 and D. Korshunov 4 Eurandom, Heriot-Watt University and Sobolev Institute of Mathematics Abstract
More informationOn the number of occurrences of all short factors in almost all words
Theoretical Computer Science 290 (2003) 2031 2035 www.elsevier.com/locate/tcs Note On the number of occurrences of all short factors in almost all words Ioan Tomescu Faculty of Mathematics, University
More informationStochastic Comparisons of Weighted Sums of Arrangement Increasing Random Variables
Portland State University PDXScholar Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics 4-7-2015 Stochastic Comparisons of Weighted
More informationDepartment of Mathematics
Department of Mathematics Ma 3/103 KC Border Introduction to Probability and Statistics Winter 2017 Lecture 8: Expectation in Action Relevant textboo passages: Pitman [6]: Chapters 3 and 5; Section 6.4
More informationOn Kesten s counterexample to the Cramér-Wold device for regular variation
On Kesten s counterexample to the Cramér-Wold device for regular variation Henrik Hult School of ORIE Cornell University Ithaca NY 4853 USA hult@orie.cornell.edu Filip Lindskog Department of Mathematics
More informationMonte-Carlo MMD-MA, Université Paris-Dauphine. Xiaolu Tan
Monte-Carlo MMD-MA, Université Paris-Dauphine Xiaolu Tan tan@ceremade.dauphine.fr Septembre 2015 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The principle.................................. 1 1.2 The error analysis
More informationExact formulae for the prime counting function
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics Vol. 19, 013, No. 4, 77 85 Exact formulae for the prime counting function Mladen Vassilev Missana 5 V. Hugo Str, 114 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail: missana@abv.bg
More information4th Preparation Sheet - Solutions
Prof. Dr. Rainer Dahlhaus Probability Theory Summer term 017 4th Preparation Sheet - Solutions Remark: Throughout the exercise sheet we use the two equivalent definitions of separability of a metric space
More informationPoint Sets and Dynamical Systems in the Autocorrelation Topology
Point Sets and Dynamical Systems in the Autocorrelation Topology Robert V. Moody and Nicolae Strungaru Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Alberta, Edmonton Canada, T6G 2G1
More informationMath 341: Probability Seventeenth Lecture (11/10/09)
Math 341: Probability Seventeenth Lecture (11/10/09) Steven J Miller Williams College Steven.J.Miller@williams.edu http://www.williams.edu/go/math/sjmiller/ public html/341/ Bronfman Science Center Williams
More informationUniversity Of Calgary Department of Mathematics and Statistics
University Of Calgary Department of Mathematics and Statistics Hawkes Seminar May 23, 2018 1 / 46 Some Problems in Insurance and Reinsurance Mohamed Badaoui Department of Electrical Engineering National
More informationSTAT 7032 Probability Spring Wlodek Bryc
STAT 7032 Probability Spring 2018 Wlodek Bryc Created: Friday, Jan 2, 2014 Revised for Spring 2018 Printed: January 9, 2018 File: Grad-Prob-2018.TEX Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati,
More informationUNCERTAINTY FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR FINANCE
Surveys in Mathematics and its Applications ISSN 1842-6298 (electronic), 1843-7265 (print) Volume 5 (2010), 275 284 UNCERTAINTY FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR FINANCE Iuliana Carmen Bărbăcioru Abstract.
More informationLecture Notes on Risk Theory
Lecture Notes on Risk Theory February 2, 21 Contents 1 Introduction and basic definitions 1 2 Accumulated claims in a fixed time interval 3 3 Reinsurance 7 4 Risk processes in discrete time 1 5 The Adjustment
More informationStudy of some equivalence classes of primes
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics Print ISSN 3-532, Online ISSN 2367-8275 Vol 23, 27, No 2, 2 29 Study of some equivalence classes of primes Sadani Idir Department of Mathematics University
More information1 Directional Derivatives and Differentiability
Wednesday, January 18, 2012 1 Directional Derivatives and Differentiability Let E R N, let f : E R and let x 0 E. Given a direction v R N, let L be the line through x 0 in the direction v, that is, L :=
More informationJournal of Complexity. New general convergence theory for iterative processes and its applications to Newton Kantorovich type theorems
Journal of Complexity 26 (2010) 3 42 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Complexity journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jco New general convergence theory for iterative processes
More informationExponential Distribution and Poisson Process
Exponential Distribution and Poisson Process Stochastic Processes - Lecture Notes Fatih Cavdur to accompany Introduction to Probability Models by Sheldon M. Ross Fall 215 Outline Introduction Exponential
More informationIndependent Transversals in r-partite Graphs
Independent Transversals in r-partite Graphs Raphael Yuster Department of Mathematics Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Abstract Let G(r, n) denote
More informationPhenomena in high dimensions in geometric analysis, random matrices, and computational geometry Roscoff, France, June 25-29, 2012
Phenomena in high dimensions in geometric analysis, random matrices, and computational geometry Roscoff, France, June 25-29, 202 BOUNDS AND ASYMPTOTICS FOR FISHER INFORMATION IN THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
More informationOn asymptotic behavior of a finite Markov chain
1 On asymptotic behavior of a finite Markov chain Alina Nicolae Department of Mathematical Analysis Probability. University Transilvania of Braşov. Romania. Keywords: convergence, weak ergodicity, strong
More informationMATH 117 LECTURE NOTES
MATH 117 LECTURE NOTES XIN ZHOU Abstract. This is the set of lecture notes for Math 117 during Fall quarter of 2017 at UC Santa Barbara. The lectures follow closely the textbook [1]. Contents 1. The set
More informationAppendix A. Sequences and series. A.1 Sequences. Definition A.1 A sequence is a function N R.
Appendix A Sequences and series This course has for prerequisite a course (or two) of calculus. The purpose of this appendix is to review basic definitions and facts concerning sequences and series, which
More informationWeak convergence. Amsterdam, 13 November Leiden University. Limit theorems. Shota Gugushvili. Generalities. Criteria
Weak Leiden University Amsterdam, 13 November 2013 Outline 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Definition Definition Let µ, µ 1, µ 2,... be probability measures on (R, B). It is said that µ n converges weakly to µ, and we then
More informationAsymptotic Tail Probabilities of Sums of Dependent Subexponential Random Variables
Asymptotic Tail Probabilities of Sums of Dependent Subexponential Random Variables Jaap Geluk 1 and Qihe Tang 2 1 Department of Mathematics The Petroleum Institute P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab
More informationA Detailed Look at a Discrete Randomw Walk with Spatially Dependent Moments and Its Continuum Limit
A Detailed Look at a Discrete Randomw Walk with Spatially Dependent Moments and Its Continuum Limit David Vener Department of Mathematics, MIT May 5, 3 Introduction In 8.366, we discussed the relationship
More informationRate of convergence for certain families of summation integral type operators
J Math Anal Appl 296 24 68 618 wwwelseviercom/locate/jmaa Rate of convergence for certain families of summation integral type operators Vijay Gupta a,,mkgupta b a School of Applied Sciences, Netaji Subhas
More informationUpper Bounds for the Ruin Probability in a Risk Model With Interest WhosePremiumsDependonthe Backward Recurrence Time Process
Λ4flΛ4» ν ff ff χ Vol.4, No.4 211 8fl ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS Aug., 211 Upper Bounds for the Ruin Probability in a Risk Model With Interest WhosePremiumsDependonthe Backward Recurrence Time Process HE
More informationNonhomogeneous linear differential polynomials generated by solutions of complex differential equations in the unit disc
ACTA ET COMMENTATIONES UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS DE MATHEMATICA Volume 20, Number 1, June 2016 Available online at http://acutm.math.ut.ee Nonhomogeneous linear differential polynomials generated by solutions
More informationLOCAL TIMES OF RANKED CONTINUOUS SEMIMARTINGALES
LOCAL TIMES OF RANKED CONTINUOUS SEMIMARTINGALES ADRIAN D. BANNER INTECH One Palmer Square Princeton, NJ 8542, USA adrian@enhanced.com RAOUF GHOMRASNI Fakultät II, Institut für Mathematik Sekr. MA 7-5,
More informationROBUST - September 10-14, 2012
Charles University in Prague ROBUST - September 10-14, 2012 Linear equations We observe couples (y 1, x 1 ), (y 2, x 2 ), (y 3, x 3 ),......, where y t R, x t R d t N. We suppose that members of couples
More informationSTAT/MATH 395 A - PROBABILITY II UW Winter Quarter Moment functions. x r p X (x) (1) E[X r ] = x r f X (x) dx (2) (x E[X]) r p X (x) (3)
STAT/MATH 395 A - PROBABILITY II UW Winter Quarter 07 Néhémy Lim Moment functions Moments of a random variable Definition.. Let X be a rrv on probability space (Ω, A, P). For a given r N, E[X r ], if it
More informationOn Kusuoka Representation of Law Invariant Risk Measures
MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH Vol. 38, No. 1, February 213, pp. 142 152 ISSN 364-765X (print) ISSN 1526-5471 (online) http://dx.doi.org/1.1287/moor.112.563 213 INFORMS On Kusuoka Representation of
More informationAn introduction to Birkhoff normal form
An introduction to Birkhoff normal form Dario Bambusi Dipartimento di Matematica, Universitá di Milano via Saldini 50, 0133 Milano (Italy) 19.11.14 1 Introduction The aim of this note is to present an
More informationCOVARIANCE IDENTITIES AND MIXING OF RANDOM TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE WIENER SPACE
Communications on Stochastic Analysis Vol. 4, No. 3 (21) 299-39 Serials Publications www.serialspublications.com COVARIANCE IDENTITIES AND MIXING OF RANDOM TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE WIENER SPACE NICOLAS PRIVAULT
More informationConditional Tail Expectations for Multivariate Phase Type Distributions
Conditional Tail Expectations for Multivariate Phase Type Distributions Jun Cai Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada Telphone: 1-519-8884567,
More informationParameter addition to a family of multivariate exponential and weibull distribution
ISSN: 2455-216X Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 www.allnationaljournal.com Volume 4; Issue 3; September 2018; Page No. 31-38 Parameter addition to a family of multivariate exponential and weibull distribution
More informationAn Algorithm to Determine the Clique Number of a Split Graph. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to determine the clique number of a split graph.
An Algorithm to Determine the Clique Number of a Split Graph O.Kettani email :o_ket1@yahoo.fr Abstract In this paper, we propose an algorithm to determine the clique number of a split graph. Introduction
More information1 Presessional Probability
1 Presessional Probability Probability theory is essential for the development of mathematical models in finance, because of the randomness nature of price fluctuations in the markets. This presessional
More informationLaplace s Equation. Chapter Mean Value Formulas
Chapter 1 Laplace s Equation Let be an open set in R n. A function u C 2 () is called harmonic in if it satisfies Laplace s equation n (1.1) u := D ii u = 0 in. i=1 A function u C 2 () is called subharmonic
More informationP i [B k ] = lim. n=1 p(n) ii <. n=1. V i :=
2.7. Recurrence and transience Consider a Markov chain {X n : n N 0 } on state space E with transition matrix P. Definition 2.7.1. A state i E is called recurrent if P i [X n = i for infinitely many n]
More informationDiscrete Distributions Chapter 6
Discrete Distributions Chapter 6 Negative Binomial Distribution section 6.3 Consider k r, r +,... independent Bernoulli trials with probability of success in one trial being p. Let the random variable
More information= 1 2 x (x 1) + 1 {x} (1 {x}). [t] dt = 1 x (x 1) + O (1), [t] dt = 1 2 x2 + O (x), (where the error is not now zero when x is an integer.
Problem Sheet,. i) Draw the graphs for [] and {}. ii) Show that for α R, α+ α [t] dt = α and α+ α {t} dt =. Hint Split these integrals at the integer which must lie in any interval of length, such as [α,
More informationChapter 2 Asymptotics
Chapter Asymptotics.1 Asymptotic Behavior of Student s Pdf Proposition.1 For each x R d,asν, f ν,,a x g a, x..1 Proof Let a = 0. Using the well-known formula that Ɣz = π z e z z z 1 + O 1, as z,. z we
More informationDISPERSIVE FUNCTIONS AND STOCHASTIC ORDERS
APPLICATIONES MATHEMATICAE 24,4(1997), pp. 429 444 J. BARTOSZEWICZ(Wroc law) DISPERSIVE UNCTIONS AND STOCHASTIC ORDERS Abstract. eneralizations of the hazard functions are proposed and general hazard rate
More informationKrzysztof Burdzy University of Washington. = X(Y (t)), t 0}
VARIATION OF ITERATED BROWNIAN MOTION Krzysztof Burdzy University of Washington 1. Introduction and main results. Suppose that X 1, X 2 and Y are independent standard Brownian motions starting from 0 and
More informationChapter 2: Markov Chains and Queues in Discrete Time
Chapter 2: Markov Chains and Queues in Discrete Time L. Breuer University of Kent 1 Definition Let X n with n N 0 denote random variables on a discrete space E. The sequence X = (X n : n N 0 ) is called
More informationMultivariate Normal-Laplace Distribution and Processes
CHAPTER 4 Multivariate Normal-Laplace Distribution and Processes The normal-laplace distribution, which results from the convolution of independent normal and Laplace random variables is introduced by
More informationRECURRENT ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS
RECURRENT ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS ALEXANDRU MIHAIL The theory of fractal sets is an old one, but it also is a modern domain of research. One of the main source of the development of the theory of fractal
More informationor E ( U(X) ) e zx = e ux e ivx = e ux( cos(vx) + i sin(vx) ), B X := { u R : M X (u) < } (4)
:23 /4/2000 TOPIC Characteristic functions This lecture begins our study of the characteristic function φ X (t) := Ee itx = E cos(tx)+ie sin(tx) (t R) of a real random variable X Characteristic functions
More informationFirst In-Class Exam Solutions Math 410, Professor David Levermore Monday, 1 October 2018
First In-Class Exam Solutions Math 40, Professor David Levermore Monday, October 208. [0] Let {b k } k N be a sequence in R and let A be a subset of R. Write the negations of the following assertions.
More informationThere is no analogue to Jarník s relation for twisted Diophantine approximation
arxiv:1409.6665v3 [math.nt] 10 Jul 2017 There is no analogue to Jarník s relation for twisted Diophantine approximation Antoine MARNAT marnat@math.unistra.fr Abstract Jarník gave a relation between the
More informationITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS WITH CONTINUOUS PLACE DEPENDENT PROBABILITIES
UNIVERSITATIS IAGELLONICAE ACTA MATHEMATICA, FASCICULUS XL 2002 ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS WITH CONTINUOUS PLACE DEPENDENT PROBABILITIES by Joanna Jaroszewska Abstract. We study the asymptotic behaviour
More informationMATH 409 Advanced Calculus I Lecture 7: Monotone sequences. The Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem.
MATH 409 Advanced Calculus I Lecture 7: Monotone sequences. The Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem. Limit of a sequence Definition. Sequence {x n } of real numbers is said to converge to a real number a if for
More information1 Solution to Problem 2.1
Solution to Problem 2. I incorrectly worked this exercise instead of 2.2, so I decided to include the solution anyway. a) We have X Y /3, which is a - function. It maps the interval, ) where X lives) onto
More informationEXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR KIRCHHOFF TYPE EQUATIONS WITH UNBOUNDED POTENTIAL. 1. Introduction In this article, we consider the Kirchhoff type problem
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 207 (207), No. 84, pp. 2. ISSN: 072-669. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR KIRCHHOFF TYPE EQUATIONS
More informationThe Skorokhod problem in a time-dependent interval
The Skorokhod problem in a time-dependent interval Krzysztof Burdzy, Weining Kang and Kavita Ramanan University of Washington and Carnegie Mellon University Abstract: We consider the Skorokhod problem
More informationu( x) = g( y) ds y ( 1 ) U solves u = 0 in U; u = 0 on U. ( 3)
M ath 5 2 7 Fall 2 0 0 9 L ecture 4 ( S ep. 6, 2 0 0 9 ) Properties and Estimates of Laplace s and Poisson s Equations In our last lecture we derived the formulas for the solutions of Poisson s equation
More informationDevoir 1. Valerio Proietti. November 5, 2014 EXERCISE 1. z f = g. supp g EXERCISE 2
GÉOMÉTRIE ANALITIQUE COMPLEXE UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD Devoir Valerio Proietti November 5, 04 EXERCISE Thanks to Corollary 3.4 of [, p. ] we know that /πz is a fundamental solution of the operator z on C.
More informationStat410 Probability and Statistics II (F16)
Stat4 Probability and Statistics II (F6 Exponential, Poisson and Gamma Suppose on average every /λ hours, a Stochastic train arrives at the Random station. Further we assume the waiting time between two
More informationPrecise Large Deviations for Sums of Negatively Dependent Random Variables with Common Long-Tailed Distributions
This article was downloaded by: [University of Aegean] On: 19 May 2013, At: 11:54 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer
More information1 Stat 605. Homework I. Due Feb. 1, 2011
The first part is homework which you need to turn in. The second part is exercises that will not be graded, but you need to turn it in together with the take-home final exam. 1 Stat 605. Homework I. Due
More informationWe denote the derivative at x by DF (x) = L. With respect to the standard bases of R n and R m, DF (x) is simply the matrix of partial derivatives,
The derivative Let O be an open subset of R n, and F : O R m a continuous function We say F is differentiable at a point x O, with derivative L, if L : R n R m is a linear transformation such that, for
More information(2m)-TH MEAN BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS UNDER PARAMETRIC PERTURBATIONS
(2m)-TH MEAN BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS UNDER PARAMETRIC PERTURBATIONS Svetlana Janković and Miljana Jovanović Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, University
More informationLectures 2 3 : Wigner s semicircle law
Fall 009 MATH 833 Random Matrices B. Való Lectures 3 : Wigner s semicircle law Notes prepared by: M. Koyama As we set up last wee, let M n = [X ij ] n i,j= be a symmetric n n matrix with Random entries
More informationStanford Mathematics Department Math 205A Lecture Supplement #4 Borel Regular & Radon Measures
2 1 Borel Regular Measures We now state and prove an important regularity property of Borel regular outer measures: Stanford Mathematics Department Math 205A Lecture Supplement #4 Borel Regular & Radon
More information5 Measure theory II. (or. lim. Prove the proposition. 5. For fixed F A and φ M define the restriction of φ on F by writing.
5 Measure theory II 1. Charges (signed measures). Let (Ω, A) be a σ -algebra. A map φ: A R is called a charge, (or signed measure or σ -additive set function) if φ = φ(a j ) (5.1) A j for any disjoint
More informationOn large deviations of sums of independent random variables
On large deviations of sums of independent random variables Zhishui Hu 12, Valentin V. Petrov 23 and John Robinson 2 1 Department of Statistics and Finance, University of Science and Technology of China,
More informationX n D X lim n F n (x) = F (x) for all x C F. lim n F n(u) = F (u) for all u C F. (2)
14:17 11/16/2 TOPIC. Convergence in distribution and related notions. This section studies the notion of the so-called convergence in distribution of real random variables. This is the kind of convergence
More informationMath212a1413 The Lebesgue integral.
Math212a1413 The Lebesgue integral. October 28, 2014 Simple functions. In what follows, (X, F, m) is a space with a σ-field of sets, and m a measure on F. The purpose of today s lecture is to develop the
More informationResearch Article Localization and Perturbations of Roots to Systems of Polynomial Equations
International Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences Volume 2012, Article ID 653914, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/653914 Research Article Localization and Perturbations of Roots to Systems of Polynomial Equations
More informationBlock Diagonal Majorization on C 0
Iranian Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Informatics Vol. 8, No. 2 (2013), pp 131-136 Block Diagonal Majorization on C 0 A. Armandnejad and F. Passandi Department of Mathematics, Vali-e-Asr University
More informationPartitions and Algebraic Structures
CHAPTER A Partitions and Algebraic Structures In this chapter, we introduce partitions of natural numbers and the Ferrers diagrams. The algebraic structures of partitions such as addition, multiplication
More informationThis ODE arises in many physical systems that we shall investigate. + ( + 1)u = 0. (λ + s)x λ + s + ( + 1) a λ. (s + 1)(s + 2) a 0
Legendre equation This ODE arises in many physical systems that we shall investigate We choose We then have Substitution gives ( x 2 ) d 2 u du 2x 2 dx dx + ( + )u u x s a λ x λ a du dx λ a λ (λ + s)x
More informationCHAPTER 1. Metric Spaces. 1. Definition and examples
CHAPTER Metric Spaces. Definition and examples Metric spaces generalize and clarify the notion of distance in the real line. The definitions will provide us with a useful tool for more general applications
More informationTHE SHIFT SPACE FOR AN INFINITE ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEM
THE SHIFT SPACE FOR AN INFINITE ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEM ALEXANDRU MIHAIL and RADU MICULESCU The aim of the paper is to define the shift space for an infinite iterated function systems (IIFS) and to describe
More informationEcon 508B: Lecture 5
Econ 508B: Lecture 5 Expectation, MGF and CGF Hongyi Liu Washington University in St. Louis July 31, 2017 Hongyi Liu (Washington University in St. Louis) Math Camp 2017 Stats July 31, 2017 1 / 23 Outline
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. An extension of the polytope of doubly stochastic matrices
Linear and Multilinear Algebra Vol. 00, No. 00, Month 200x, 1 15 RESEARCH ARTICLE An extension of the polytope of doubly stochastic matrices Richard A. Brualdi a and Geir Dahl b a Department of Mathematics,
More informationOscillation Criteria for Delay Neutral Difference Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients. Contents
Bol. Soc. Paran. Mat. (3s.) v. 21 1/2 (2003): 1 12. c SPM Oscillation Criteria for Delay Neutral Difference Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients Chuan-Jun Tian and Sui Sun Cheng abstract:
More information