Displacement Damage and Gas Production Data for ESS Structural Materials

Transcription

1 Displacement Damage and Gas Production Data for ESS Structural Materials U. Fischer, A. Yu. Konobeyev, M. Majerle (*), P. Vladimirov, B. Weinhorst Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (*) Nuclear Physics Institute, Rez, CR (permanent address) Displacement cross-section (b) 10 4 n+fe BCA-MD NRT Neutron energy (MeV) KIT University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

2 Content Background Data evaluation methodology (KIT) Displacement damage and gas production crosssection data Fe, Cr, Ni & others for n & p induced reactions up to 3 GeV Application to ESS windowless liquid metal target Conclusions 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

3 Background ESS target and structural materials subjected to intense neutron and proton irradiation Materials properties deteriorated due to displacement damages and gas generation Very few data available for materials and energy range relevant to ESS Evaluation effort at KIT for providing data of n & p induced reactions up to 3 GeV Focus on Fe, Cr & Ni 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

4 Displacement damage cross-section max Ti d (E p,z T,A T,Z,A) i i d(e p) (T) N NRT(T,Z i T,A T,Z i,a i)dti dt i E d i dσ/dt : recoil energy distribution E d : effective threshold displacement energy Defect production efficiency (T) N N D NRT N D (T) : number of Frenkel pairs produced by PKA (MD, BCA, experiment) MD = Molecular Dynamics BCA = Binary Collision Approxaimation 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

5 NRT model M.J.Norgett, M.T.Robinson, I.M.Torrens, Nucl. Eng. Des. 33 (1975), 50 Number of defects produced by PKA 0.8 N NRT(T) Tdam 2Ed T T dam(t) 1/ 6 3/ 4 1 k T: PKA energy Available experimental data and MD simulations show pronounced differences with NRT predictions Typical (T) values: 0.5 (Al), 0.3 (Fe), 0.3 (Cu) 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

6 Defect production calculation KIT approach Combined BCA-MD approach for the calculation of the number of stable displacements in atom lattices Transition from BCA to MD at critical kinetic energy (T crit ) T < T crit : MD T > T crit : BCA 1,0x10-5 displacement production Fe+Fe T crit typically between kev X (cm) 0,0 KIT codes IOTA and CASCADE -1,0x10-5 primary energy = 1 MeV 0,0 1,0x10-5 2,0x10-5 3,0x10-5 4,0x10-5 Z (cm) 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

7 Example: N D /N NRT for iron Defect production efficiency 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Fe+Fe MD: Voertler et al BCA,MD 0, PKA energy (MeV) 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

8 Nucleon elastic scattering Elastic displacement cross-section (b) BCA,MD classic formula Koning, Delaroche OP Madland OP relativistic formula p+fe Optical potentials of Koning, Delaroche and Madland up to 400 MeV Relativistic approach above 400 MeV Elastic displacement cross-section (b) Elastic displacement cross-section (b) Madland OP classic formula (Winterbon,Sigmund,Sanders) relativisic formula (Insoo Jun) p+fe n+fe BCA,MD Neutron energy (MeV) Koning, Delaroche Madland 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

9 Non-elastic scattering Different models & codes MCNPX: INC+PE+EQ INC: Bertini, ISABEL, CEM03, INCL4 EQ: Dresner, ABLA CASCADE (JINR, KIT): INC+EQ DISCA-C (KIT): INC(+clusters)+EQ TALYS : PE (exciton model) +EQ (H-F) HMS ALICE : Hybrid model +EQ GNASH: PE (exciton model) +EQ (H-F) Evaluated displacement cross-section : M displ wm displ,m m 1 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

10 Non-elastic scattering (cont d) Example: Displacement cross-sections (b) for non elastic interactions of 0.6 GeV neutrons and protons with 56 Fe. Calculation of recoil spectra and displacement crosssections using equally weighted models Nuclear model Neutrons Protons Bertini/Dresner Bertini/ABLA ISABEL/Dresner ISABEL/ABLA CEM INCL4/Dresner INCL4/ABLA CASCADE DISCA-C Average value th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

11 Evaluated Fe displacement damage cross-sections up to 3 GeV Neutron induced Proton induced Displacement cross-section (b) 10 4 n+fe Neutron energy (MeV) BCA-MD NRT Displacement cross-section (b) p+fe BCA-MD NRT 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

12 Evaluated Cr displacement damage cross-sections up to 3 GeV Neutron induced Proton induced Displacement cross-section (b) 10 4 n+cr BCA-MD NRT Displacement cross-section (b) p+cr BCA-MD NRT Neutron energy (MeV) th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

13 Evaluated Ni displacement damage cross-sections up to 3 GeV Neutron induced Proton induced Displacement cross-section (b) 10 4 n+ni Neutron energy (MeV) BCA-MD NRT Displacement cross-section (b) p+ni BCA-MD NRT 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

14 Gas production cross-sections Proton-, deuteron-, triton, 3 He-, 4 He- production Experimental data EXFOR, JINR compilation (1972), and more (p,x) reactions Fe, Ni: 24 measurements Cr: K.Goebel et al, CERN (1964) Data correction Cutoff energy: Bertrand F.E., Peelle R.W. (1973) Spectrum: Herbach C.-M. et al (2006) 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

15 Calculations ALICE/ASH (KIT) : GDH(+non-equilibrium cluster emission) +EQ TALYS (NRG): PE exciton model +EQ (H-F) DISCA-C (KIT): INC(+clusters)+EQ CASCADE (JINR, KIT): INC(+improved coalescence model) +EQ MCNPX models: for illustration purposes only Evaluation comes later 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

16 MCNPX model calculations proton production cross-section (mb) 3 He production cross-section (mb) 10 4 Alard (75) Bertrand (73): Fe-nat (corr) Fe(p,p')x Herbach (06) (corr) Bertini-Dresner Bertini-ABLA ISABEL-Dresner ISABEL-ABLA CEM03 INCL4-Dresner INCL4-ABLA Alard (75) Green (88) Ammon (08) Fe(p, 3 He)x Michel (95) Bieri (62) Schaeffer (59) Goebel (64) Bertini-Dresner CEM03 Bertini-ABLA INCL4-Dresner ISABEL-Dresner ISABEL-ABLA particle production cross-section (mb) triton production cross-section (mb) Alard (75) Lefort (61) Bertrand (73): Fe-56 (corr) Mekhedov (67) Bogatin (76) Schaeffer (58) Brun (62) Wu (79): Ni-58 (corr) Currie (56, 59) Fireman (55, 57) Goebel (58, 61, 64) Herbach (06) (corr) Fe(p,t)x 10 0 Alard (75) Ammon (08) Bertini-Dresner Bertini-ABLA ISABEL-Dresner ISABEL-ABLA CEM03 INCL4-Dresner Green (88) Fe(p, )x Jung (91) Bieri (62) Michel (95) Goebel (64) Schaeffer (59) Bertini-Dresner CEM03 Bertini-ABLA INCL4-Dresner ISABEL-Dresner INCL4-ABLA ISABEL-ABLA 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

17 Examples of available evaluations and model calculations proton production cross-section (mb) proton production cross-section (mb) 10 4 Alard (75) Bertrand (73): Fe-nat (corr) Fe(p,p')x Herbach (06) (corr) ENDF/B-VII JENDL-HE TENDL Alard (75) Bertrand (73): Fe-nat (corr) Fe(p,p')x Herbach (06) (corr) TALYS ALICE/ASH DISCA-C CASCADE/ASF particle production cross-section (mb) -particle production cross-section (mb) ENDF/B-VII JENDL-HE TENDL Fe(p, )x TALYS Alard (75) Ammon (08) Bieri (62) Goebel (64) Green (88) Jung (91) Michel (95) Schaeffer (59) Fe(p, )x ALICE/ASH DISCA-C CASCADE/ASF Alard (75) Ammon (08) Bieri (62) Goebel (64) Green (88) Jung (91) Michel (95) Schaeffer (59) 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

18 More model calculations deuteron production cross-section (mb) triton production cross-section (mb) Alard (75) Bertrand (73): Fe-56 (corr) Fe(p,d)x Herbach (06) (corr) Wu (79): Ni-58 (corr) TALYS ALICE/ASH CASCADE/ASF 10 0 Alard (75) Lefort (61) Bertrand (73): Fe-56 (corr) Mekhedov (67) Bogatin (76) Schaeffer (58) Brun (62) Wu (79): Ni-58 (corr) Fe(p,t)x Currie (56, 59) Goebel (58, 61, 64) Herbach (06) (corr) Fireman (55, 57) TALYS ALICE/ASH CASCADE/ASF 3 He production cross-section (mb) 10 0 Alard (75) Green (88) Ammon (08) Michel (95) Bieri (62) Schaeffer (59) Fe(p, 3 He)x Goebel (64) TALYS ALICE/ASH CASCADE/ASF 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

19 KIT evaluated cross-section data I. Theoretical data ALICE/ASH, CASCADE TALYS: up to several MeV II: Experimental data III. Evaluated data = final data BEKED code system (KIT) Uncertainties & co-variance information Generalised Least Square Method (GLSM) + Unified Monte Carlo (UMC) of D. L. Smith Fe(p,x)p 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,7 0,80,7 0,7 0,8 0,7 0,8 0, ,8 1 0, th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

20 KIT evaluated data - examples triton production cross-section (mb) proton production cross-section (mb) 10 4 Alard (75) Bertrand (73): Fe-nat (corr) Fe(p,p')x Herbach (06) (corr) evaluated data 10 0 Alard (75) Lefort (61) 10 0 Bertrand (73): Fe-56 (corr) Mekhedov (67) Bogatin (76) Schaeffer (58) Brun (62) Wu (79): Ni-58 (corr) Currie (56, 59) Goebel (58, 61, 64) Herbach (06) (corr) Fireman (55, 57) evaluated data Fe(p,t)x deuteron production cross-section (mb) Alard (75) Bertrand (73): Fe-56 (corr) Fe(p,d)x Herbach (06) (corr) Wu (79): Ni-58 (corr) evaluated data 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

21 KIT evaluated data examples (cont d) 3 He production cross-section (mb) 10 0 evaluated data Fe(p, 3 He)x Alard (75) Ammon (08) Bieri (62) Goebel (64) Green (88) Michel (95) Schaeffer (59) -particle production cross-section (mb) 10 0 evaluated data Fe(p, )x Alard (75) Ammon (08) Bieri (62) Goebel (64) Green (88) Jung (91) Michel (95) Schaeffer (59) -particle production cross-section (mb) Fe(n, )x LANSCE (05) Paulsen (81) Wattecamps (83) evaluated data Neutron energy (MeV) 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

22 KIT evaluated data files Neutron & proton data up to 3 GeV Fe, Cr, Ni + Al, Zr, Cu, W Data files in standard ENDF-6 format Gas production cross-sections for p-, d-, t-, 3 He, 4 He (MT= ) Displacement cross-sections for BCA-MD (MT=900) and NRT (MT=901) Data files can be processed into ACE format for direct use with MCNPX (*) (*) p data require patch or secondary input 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

23 Target Windowless ModuleLiquid Metal Target Design for ESS free surface LBE inflow See A. Class et al, Windowless liquid metal target concept for ESS, this workshop proton beam LBE outflow Proton beams impinges liquid metal at 15 inclination angle No direct interaction of proton beam and solid structures Radiation damage to structure walls due to neutron irradiation SS-316 structure walls 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

24 Neutronics calculations MCNPX, Version 2.7a, using CEM cascade model Source: Proton beam E p =2500 MeV with Gaussian profile incident at 15 on PbBi free surface target Geometry model: PbBi enclosed in SS-316 steel frame Calculations of n-, p-flux, heating, dpa, gas production distributions using mesh tallies Use of evaluated dpa & gas production cross-section data for dpa and gas production rates in SS-316 Typically 10 million source particle histories tracked with fractional standard deviation (FSD) around 1 %. Proton beam MCNPX target model PbBi Steel walls 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

25 Target Neutronics Module results for target side wall (SS-316) Neutron flux density [cm -2 s -1 ] H production [appm/fpy] max. 3 4 cm -2 s -1 max. 760 appm/fpy Displacement damage [dpa/fpy] He production [appm/fpy] max. 9 dpa NRT /fpy max. 160 appm/fpy 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

26 Target Neutronics Module results for bottom wall (SS-316) Neutron flux density [cm -2 s -1 ] H production [appm/fpy] max cm -2 s -1 max appm/fpy Displacement damage [dpa/fpy] He production [appm/fpy] max. 28 dpa NRT /fpy max. 780 appm/fpy 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

27 Target Neutronics Module results for upper wall (SS-316) Neutron flux density [cm -2 s -1 ] H production [appm/fpy] max cm -2 s -1 max appm/fpy Displacement damage [dpa/fpy] He production [appm/fpy] max. 43 dpa NRT /fpy max appm/fpy 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,

28 Conclusions Evaluations performed for displacement and gas production data using advanced KIT approach Data for Fe, Cr, Ni (+Al, Zr, Cu, W), n - and p induced reactions up to 3 GeV ENDF data files available upon request Application analyses for ESS windowless liquid metal target Data can be used with MCNP/MCNPX and other codes 4 th HPTW, Malmö, Sweden, May 2-6,