Research Article Emergency Coordination Model of Fresh Agricultural Products Three-Level Supply Chain with Asymmetric Information

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1 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing Volume 206, Aticle ID , 9 pages Reseach Aticle Emegency Coodination Model of Fesh Agicultual Poducts Thee-Level Supply Chain with Asymmetic Infomation Juan Yang, Haoui Liu, 2 Xuedou Yu, 3 and Fenghua Xiao School of Economics and Management, Dezhou Univesity, Dezhou , China 2 School of Automotive Engineeing, Dezhou Univesity, Dezhou , China 3 Science and Technology Depatment, Dezhou Univesity, Dezhou , China Coespondence should be addessed to Juan Yang; yangjuan@dzu.edu.cn Received 3 Decembe 205; Accepted 5 Febuay 206 Academic Edito: Kishin Sadaangani Copyight 206 Juan Yang et al. This is an open access aticle distibuted unde the Ceative Commons Attibution License, which pemits unesticted use, distibution, and epoduction in any medium, povided the oiginal wok is popely cited. In consideation of influence of loss, feshness, and secet etaile cost of poducts, how to handle emegency events duing theelevel supply chain is eseached when maket need is pesumed to be a nonlinea function with etail pice in fesh agicultual poduct maket. Centalized and decentalized supply chain coodination models ae studied based on asymmetic infomation. Optimal stategy of supply chain in dealing with etail pice petubation is caused by emegency events. The eseach eveals obustness fo optimal poduction planning, wholesale pice fo distibutos, wholesale pice fo etailes, and etail pice of theelevel supply chain about fesh agicultual poducts. The above fou factos can keep constant within a cetain petubation of expectation costs fo etailes because of emegency events; the conclusions ae veified by numeical simulation. This pape also can be used fo efeence to the othe elated studies in how to coodinate the supply chain unde asymmetic and punctual eseaches infomation esponse to disuptions.. Intoduction Nowadays, emegency events about fesh agicultual poducts happen fequently and seiously impact poducing, selling, and demand, and faith of consumes on food safety such as poisonous beans emeging in Hainan povince and swelling ingedients discoveed in watemelons. Supply chain of fesh agicultue poducts is a complex net with dynamics and open system consisted of fames, wholesales, distibution centes, and etailes [ 3]. Howeve, emegency events ae esults of complexity and uncetainty in supply chain. Meanwhile, the special natue of fesh agicultual poduct detemines that the supply chain is weake in esisting isk. Thus, a sudden emegency event can patly impact the supply chain o even destoy the wholechain.inecentyeas,moeandmoeeseacheshave studied emegency coopeation of fesh agicultual poduct. Chen and Dan investigated the emegency coopeation poblem, espectively, based on value and entity loss [4]. Futhemoe, Zhao and Wu analyzed coopeation of two-level supply chain with andom poduction and demand based onbenefit-shaingcontact[5].undethesamecontact, Lin et al. eseached coopeation of thee-level supply chain [6].Basedonapunishmentandevenueshaingcontact, Zhang et al. studied the coodination issues among single manufactue,distibuto,andetaileinathee-levelsupply chain [7]. Liu and Shi took the etail pice being endogenous vaiablesoexogenousvaiablesastheessentialchaacteistic of diffeentiating unconventional emegencies and conventional emegencies and built emegencies contingency model with buy-back contact when unconventional emegencies occu [8]. Güle and Pala studied two-level supply chain composed of two poduction supplies geneating an object function evealing aveage expense in a long time and finally achieving espective optimal ode and inventoy quantity fo two supplies elying on the application of optimal stategy [9]. Chen and Ding eseached supply chain including a poduce, a dominant etaile, and some othe weake etailes and conclude that poduce should adjust wholesale

2 2 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing Cost (p w q Ode quantity (q Supplie Logistics Poducts (q Wholesale fo distibuto (p w Distibuto Ode quantity (q Whole sale pice fo etaile (p w2 Maket demand infomation (q Cost (p w2 q Ode infomation (q Retaile Infomation flow Cash flow Sales quantity (q Sales income Figue : Thee-supply-chain schematic fo fesh agicultual poduct. pice with wholesale pice contact when sudden demand emeges. The highe the maket shae of dominant etaile is, the lowe the wholesale pice detemined by poduce is. Thus, poduce will pefeentially take line quantity discount contact into consideation when demand expeiences a big change and poduction cost is quite low [0, ]. Huo and Liu analyzed supply chain system composed of a poduce and a etaile and enew oiginal static poduction plan and supply chain coodination stategy when demand suddenly inceases by applying wholesale quantity discount contact which ealizes optimal potential pofit in supply chains [2]. Zhang et al. eseached supply chain system composed of a poduce and two etailes, showing that, with sudden incease of demand, oiginal benefit-shaing contact cannot pefectly coodinate supply chains system but a new one can which can be veified by numeical examples [3]. As tansfe of leading ight in the 2st centuy, etailes ae playing an inceasing impotant ole in supply chain [4, 5]. Theefoe study on coodination of thee-level supply chain has pactical value unde shap inceasing demand. Munson and Rosenblatt launched a eseach on theelevel supply chain composed of a poduction supplie, a poduce, and a etaile and analyze how quantity discount contact affects decision of etailes and help incease pofit of poduction supplies [6]. Wang and Hu discussed optimal stategy on emegency events in thee-level supply chain unde centalized and decentalized condition by applying quantity discount contact [7]. Wang and Jiang constucted optimalstategyofthee-levelsupplychainandmodelof optimal quantity discount which involves poduction supplies, poduces, and etailes unde fuzzy andom demand cicumstance. Finally, pacticality of model is veified by examples [8]. Qi and Yu studied simple supply chain only involving a poductionsupplieandaetaile.fistly,maketdemandfo etailesissupposedtobealinefunctionwithpice.then when demand fluctuates, how to apply whole units quantity discount contact should be discussed in handling emegency events and keeping supply chain coodinate [9, 20]. Wu et al. began with study of solving emegency events happening in two-level supply chain composed of a poduction supplie and two etailes who compete with each othe and then futhe study about coodinate stategy unde fluctuation of poduction cost, maket demand, and pice sensitive coefficient. Meanwhile, line quantity discount is applied to ealize supply chain coodination with the influence of seveal factos [2 24]. Qin et al. analyzed the condition when maket demand of two-level supply chain vaies with emegency events in stochastic maket as well as supply chain coodination afte emegency only with asymmetic demand infomation [25]. Meanwhile, they study synchonous vaiations of maket demand and maginal costs of etailes and also investigate coodination effectiveness of buy-back contact on supply chain afte the emegency when maginal costs infomation of etailes ae asymmetic [26]. In this pape, the study object is a thee-level supply chain of fesh agicultue poducts composed of a poduction supplie M,adistibuteL, and a etaile R.Meanwhile,etailes play a leading ole in system and distibuto pedominates ove poduces. In single cycle model, etailes make ode of goods at the beginning of sales cycle. Theabovethee-levelsupplychainisopeatedindetailin Figue [5, 27]. In consideation of loss in numbe and decease in feshness duing tanspotation of fesh agicultual poduct, this pape discusses how to achieve optimal system and ealize obustness of the system and imum pofit of all membesinsystem.theabovestudycanpovidetheoy foundation fo decision-makes to daw stategy. 2. Supply Chain Coodination with Symmetic Infomation The following peequisite hypothesis should be met in this study. Fistly, all business deals happen among companies along with supply chain and poduce cannot diectly supply goods fo etailes. Secondly, poduction supplies have symmetic infomation with etailes. Thidly, the study object is

3 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing 3 fesh agicultue poducts which only have shot life cycle. Suplus poducts have no value and thee does not exist goods ode cycle. The eseach also does not take into consideation the loss of shot supply, inventoy, and inventoy costs. All infomation is shaed such as costs and maket demands. The supply chain coodination is studied within a sale cycle, and thus influence of fixed facilities costs can be ignoed because they keep constant. Besides all decision-makes undetake medium isk and seek the imum pofit fo themselves. All paametes used in the models ae listed as follows: q maket demand foecasted by etailes o ode quantity of etailes; t tanspotation time which can affect quality of fesh agicultual poduct; T effective life cycle of fesh agicultual poduct which is also valid tanspotation time constaint fo etailes, 0 t T; p etail pice; p w wholesale pice fo distibutos; p w2 wholesale pice fo etailes; sensitive coefficient of pice, >0; m maket demand scale (imum; c s poduction cost unit of poduction supplie; c l tanspotation costs unit fo distibutos; c maginal costs fo etailes. Fouthly, the study descibes chaacteistics of fesh agicultual poducts supply chain and defines φ(t = t 2 /T 2, a monotonic continuous eduction function, as feshness facto of the poducts and φ(t [0, ] as paamete of eveling composite quality chaacteistics such as wate content, luste degee on the suface, and decay degee. Composite quality chaacteistic is one of the most impotant factos which affects pactical supply quantity and maket demand. Feshness degee φ(t is mainly influenced by pesevation, management, moving, and othe behavios duing tanspotation. α(t isgeneatedtoshowatecoefficientofentity loss in tanspotation, meeting the function α(t = e (ln2/t. If effective ate facto β(t = α(t = ((/Tt exists, β(t [0, ], which is coesponding with tanspotation time. Then ode made by etailes can be expessed as q /2 e ((/Tt with goal of eceiving imum pofit fo etailes.itcanbeseenfomtheabovedeivationsthat the tanspotation time can influence supply and pactical demand of goods in coopeation acoss diffeent egions. Theoetically, the shote the tanspotation time is the feshe the goods ae. Meanwhile, supply ate of goods is highe and entity loss is less. Thus, the maket demand will incease. q is supposed to be a nonlinea function of etail pice. The function is denoted as q =(mp / ln(2 t 2 /T 2 ; etailes ode a cetain amount of poducts at wholesale pice and then sell them at the etail pice, p =(mln(2 t 2 /T 2 /q /. The simple supply chain is usually dominated by a decision-make to seek the imum pofit fo the whole system, which only involves a poduction supplie, a distibute, and a etaile: π(q =q (p c c s c l ((/Tt =q (( m ln (2 t2 /T 2 / c c s c l. q ((/Tt The study depends on fist-ode optimality conditions, π(q / q =0. The supply chain system is supposed to be able to achieve imum pofit fo the whole system and have an unique optimal point fo ode, q. Optimal sale quantity, q = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 q Coesponding optimal etail pice, ( ( (2 e((/tt. (2 (c c s c l p = (c c s c l ( (2 e ((/Tt. (3 Maximum pofit fo the whole thee-level supply chain system, π(q =m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ( (2 e((/tt. (c c s c l 3. Supply Chain Coodination with Asymmetic Infomation In pactical life, condition of only having asymmetic infomation wildly exists in thee-level supply chain system of fesh agicultual poducts. The following peequisite hypothesis should be met in this eseach. Fistly, infomation is asymmetic among poduction supplies, distibutos, and etailes. Howeve, c ae known by etailes and distibutos but not by poduction supplies who can only infe the following infomation fom functions c [c,c ]. Distibution function, pobability density function, and expectation ae, espectively, F(c, f(c,andμ, with the ange of 0 c c <. F(c is a diffeentiable and stictly inceasing function and F(0 = 0, F(c = F(c. Secondly, poduction supplies, distibutos, and etailes all undetake medium isk and seek fo the imum pofit fo themselves. Thidly, othe paametes ae open infomation fo etailes, distibutos, and poduction supplies. Unde decentalized contol, etailes decide ode quantity q accoding to andom maket demand m. Distibutes (4

4 4 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing must povide ode quantity q made by etailes in ode to get imum pofit. Thus distibutes will buy q unit goods at the wholesale pice p w andthensellthemtoetailes at a easonable wholesale pice p w2 to eceive imum pofits. Fo poduction supplies, they should fist povide goods in ode quantity of q and at the same time make sue how to decide wholesale pice p w to distibutes to eceive imum pofits. Fom the above desciptions, it can be concluded that pofit of etailes, distibutos, and poduction supplies is, espectively, as follows. Fo poduction supplies, imizing thei pofit is the one that should be optimized. The optimizing poblem and object function can be, espectively, shown as s.t. E[π s ( ] = IC :q = ag q π N (p. c π S s (f(c c dc Function ( shows IC constaints in incentive compatibility of etailes. Retailes detemine ode quantity to be q to imize thei pofits; expectation pofits of poduction supplies depend on ode quantity q made by etailes who make thei decision elying on incentive compatibility constaints. ( Optimizing Poblem of Retailes. Expectation pofit function of etailes can be descibed as (5 We can deduce Theoem based on fist-ode optimality conditions, E[π s (p ω2 ]/ p ω2 =0. (3 Optimizing Poblem of Poduction Supplies. Expectation pofit function of poduction supplies can be displayed as E[π p s ( ]=E[ q ( ω (p ((/Tt ω c s ]. (0 We can deduce Theoem based on fist-ode optimality conditions, E[π s ( ]/ =0. Theoem. Unde decentalized contol coodination contact of thee-level supply chain is without emegency and symmetic infomation. Optimal wholesale pice fo distibutos is p N ω = c s μ ; ( optimal wholesale pice fo etailes is p N ω2 = (c s c l μ ; (2 optimaletailpiceis p N = ( 3 ( c s c l μ ; (3 ((/Tt optimal sales quantity fo etailes is π (p =q (p c p ω2 ((/Tt = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 p (p c p ω2. ((/Tt Based on fist-ode optimality conditions, π(p / p = 0, optimal etail pice can be detemined: p (p ω2 = (6 (c p ω2 ( (2 e ((/Tt. (7 The coesponding optimal sales quantity, q (p ω2 = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ( ( (2 e((/tt. (c p ω2 (2 Optimizing Poblem of Distibutes. Expectation pofit function of distibutes can be denoted: p ω2 E[π s (p ω2 ] =E[ q (p ω2 ((/Tt (p ω2 c s c l ]. (8 (9 q N = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ( 2 2/Tt ((ln ( c s c l μ. Coesponding expectation pofit of etailes is π N = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 2/Tt ((ln c s c l μ. Expectation pofit of distibutos is ( 2 3 π N ω2 =((c s c l μ m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ( 2 2 ( ((/Tt c s c l μ. Expectation pofit of poduction supplies is π N ω = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ( 2 [c s μ] 2 ( ((/Tt c s c l μ. (4 (5 (6 (7

5 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing 5 4. Supply Chain Coodination Mechanism unde Emegency and Asymmetic Infomation When selling season is appoaching, etailes make optimal ode quantity and then distibutes and poduction supplies aange distibution plan and poducing stategy with the ode quantity. If emegency affects etaile cost distibution function but without having any effect on othe paametes, then F(c and density function Y(c will be, espectively, substituted by f(c and y(c. Y(c is also diffeentiable and stictly inceasing like F(c,withY(0 = 0, Y(c = Y(c, and expected to be μ Y. Optimal ode quantity made by etailes, q D /(2 e ((/Tt, is also changed afte emegency events; thus q D /(2 e((/tt >q N /(2 e((/tt, and optimal ode quantity has to be enewed. Howeve, oiginal poducing plan is also boken. Then new poducing cost ρ is geneated fo poductions which is added in ode plan afte emegency events, (q D q N /(2 e((/tt. Othewise, when ode quantity q N /(((/Tt is less than oiginal one, then exta distibution payment ρ 2 will be geneated because of suplus poducts (q N qd /(((/Tt. Moeove, if ode quantity by etaile q N /(2 e((/tt is less than that by distibutes, additional disposal cost ρ 3, (k = (0, k, isyielded because of these suplus poducts (q N qd /(2 e((/tt. Emegency is supposed to cause incease of etaile costs. With Y(c F(c, q D qn exists fo abitay c 0. Expectation pofits function is π s ( = (8 [q ((/Tt ( c s ρ (q D qn ]. Optimalpoblemofpoducingsupplieis s.t. E[ π s ( ] = IC :q = ag q π (p, π (p =q (p c l c ((/Tt = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 p c π c s ( y(c dc (p c l c. ((/Tt (9 It can be concluded fom fist-ode optimality conditions π (p / p =0that optimal etail pice (c p ( = l c ( (2 e ((/Tt. (20 Coesponding optimal sale quantity is q ( = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ( ( (2 e((/tt. (c l c (2 Relying on fist-ode optimality conditions E[ π s ( ]/ =0, optimal wholesale pice fo distibutes is p D ω = (c s ρ μ Y. (22 ( Optimal wholesale pice fo etailes is p D ω2 = (c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y. (23 ( Coesponding optimal sale quantity is q D = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((/Tt ( 3 c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 <q N ( 3 2/Tt ((ln ( c s c l μ. (24 Howeve, the conclusion is in contadiction with hypothesis. Theefoe, fo abitay c 0, q D q N exists when emegency events cause incease of etaile costs, Y(c F(c.Asisappliedwithsametheoy,q D q N exists when emegency events cause decease of etaile costs, Y(c F(c. Inthefollowingpat,coodinationmechanismofthe above two conditions is discussed. Fo abitay c 0,Situationq D q N exists when emegency events cause incease of etaile costs, Y(c F(c ;Situation2q D q N exists when emegency events causedeceaseofetailecostswithy(c F(c. Pofit function of poduction supplie is π s ( = [q ((/Tt ( c s ρ (q D qn ], π s2 ( = [q ((/Tt ( c s (ρ 2 ρ 3 (q N qd ]. Optimizing poblem of poduction supplie is s.t. E[ π s ( ] = E[ π s2 ( ] = IC :q = ag q π (p. c π c s ( y(c dc c π c s2 ( y(c dc (25 (26

6 6 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing Pofitfunctionofdistibutesis π s (p ω2 = [q ((/Tt (p ω2 c s c l (ρ ρ 2 (q D qn ], π s2 (p ω2 = [q ((/Tt (p ω2 c s c l ρ 3 (q N qd ]. Optimizingpoblemofdistibutesis p ω2 p ω2 s.t. E[ π s (p ω2 ] = p ω2 E[ π s2 (p ω2 ] = p ω2 IC :q = ag q π (p. c π c s (p ω2 y(c dc c π c s2 (p ω2 y(c dc (27 (28 Based on fist-ode optimality conditions, E[ π s ( ]/ =0, E[ π s (p ω2 ]/ p ω2 =0, optimal wholesale pice fo distibutes is p D ω = (c s ρ μ Y, ( p D ω 2 = (c s ρ 2 ρ 3 μ Y. ( Optimal wholesale pice fo etailes is p D ω2 = (c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y, ( p D ω2 2 = (c s c l ρ 3 μ Y. ( Optimal etail pice and sales quantity ae, espectively, p D =( (c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y 3, (2 e ((/Tt p D 2 =( (c s c l ρ 3 μ Y 3 (2 e ((/Tt, q D = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((/Tt ( 3, c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y q D 2 = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((ln 2/Tt. c s c l ρ 3 μ Y ( 3 (29 (30 (3 Expectation pofit fo etailes is π D = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((/Tt c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y π D 2 = m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((ln 2/Tt c s c l ρ 3 μ Y ( 3 3 ( 3 3 Expectation pofit fo distibutes is π D ω = (c s ρ μ Y ( ((/Tt c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y π D ω 2 = (c s ρ 2 μ Y ( ((ln 2/Tt c s c l ρ 3 μ Y m ln (2 t 2 /T 2. ρ q N, m ln (2 t 2 /T 2 (ρ 2 ρ 3 q N. Expectation pofit fo poduction supplie is π D ω2 = (c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y ( m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((/Tt ( 3 c s c l ρ ρ 2 μ Y π D ω2 2 = (c s c l ρ 3 μ Y ( m ln (2 t2 /T 2 ((ln 2/Tt c s c l ρ 3 μ Y 5. Example Analysis ( 3 ρ 3 q N., ( 3 ( 3 (ρ ρ 2 q N, (32 (33 (34 Specific example is analyzed to veify the models constucted in the pape. Suppose m = 6000, = 2, c s = 0, t = 3, T = 8, ρ = 3, ρ 2 =,andρ 3 = 2;costfunctionof etailes F(c is in even distibution with μ=2. Distubing scope of etail cost expectation is pesumed to be [, 20]. In thefollowingpat,influenceofetailcostvaiationwillbe discussed, espectively, on wholesale pice of distibutos and

7 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing 7 Optimal sales Retaile cost disuptions Figue 2: Relationship of μ Y with the optimal sales. 260 Optimal wholesale pice Retaile cost disuptions Retaile Distibuto Figue 4: Relationship between μ Y and the optimal sales pice of etaile and distibuto. Optimal etaile pice Retaile cost disuptions Figue 3: Relationship of μ Y with the optimal sales pice. etailes, sale quantity, etail pice, and expectation pofit of poduction supplies, distibutos, etailes, and the whole thee-level supply chain system. The following conclusions can be achieved fom Figues 2 5 when thee ae emegency events. Unde emegency and asymmetic infomation, thee-level supply chain coodination mechanism shows optimal sales quantity q D,optimal etail pice p D, optimal wholesale pice fo etailes pd ω2,and optimal wholesale pice fo distibutes p D ω. Fom Tables and 2, the following conclusions can be dawn. Fistly, oiginal poducing plan has quite stong obustness unde emegency events. Thus in a cetain ange of etailes cost change, the oiginal coodination mechanism canbeeffectivetocoodinatethee-levelsupplychain. Secondly, when the change is out that ange, then oiginal coodination mechanism should be enewed to achieve new coodination. Expectation pofit Retaile cost disuptions Retaile Supplie Distibuto Figue 5: Relationship between μ Y and expectation pofit fo etailes, distibutes, and supplie. 6. Conclusions This pape discusses thee-level supply chain coodination mechanism with asymmetic infomation and unde emegency and daws the following conclusions. ( When emegency has little influence on etail pice, then oiginal optimal stategy can be coodinated by itsobustness.thatistosaythatallplanscankeepthe same but all membes of supply chain system can still achieve the optimal pofits. (2 When etail pice is seiously influenced by emegency, then oiginal optimal stategy should be adjusted to coodinate the supply chain system. That

8 8 Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing Table : Expectation pofit fo etailes, distibutes, supplie, and thee-level supply chain system. Conditions Optimal sales quantity q D Optimal etail p D Retailes p D ω2 Distibutes p D ω μ Y <μ ρ ρ 2 q D (>qn pd (<pn pd ω2 (<pn ω2 pd ω (<pn ω μ ρ ρ 2 μ Y μρ 3 q N p N p N ω2 p N ω μ Y >μρ 3 q D 2 (<qn pd 2 (>pn pd ω2 2 (>pn ω2 pd ω 2 (>pn ω Table 2: Expectation pofit fo etailes, distibutes, and supplie. Conditions Retailes π D Distibutes π D ω Supplie π D ω2 μ Y <μ ρ ρ 2 π D (> πn πd ω (> πn ω πd ω2 (> πn ω2 μ ρ ρ 2 μ Y μρ 3 π N π N ω π N ω2 μ Y >μρ 3 π D 2 (< πn πd ω 2 (< πn ω πd ω2 2 (< πn ω2 is to say that all plans should have coesponding adjustment to solve emegency events and achieve the optimal pofits fo membes of supply chain system. These plans include that of oiginal poducing plan, wholesale pice fo distibutes and etailes, and etail pice. In pactical life, condition of only having asymmetic infomation wildly exists in thee-level supply chain system of fesh agicultual poducts. Asymmetic infomation uns though pocesses of poducing, supplying, and distibution, which causes a seious loss in fesh agicultual poducts and also a big difficulty fo supply chain manages. It is a diection fo futhe eseach to study emegency coopeation of supply chain with consideation of asymmetic infomation and isk pefeence of supply chain. Theefoe, this pape povides a novel thought fo emegency coopeation of thee-level supply chain fo fesh agicultual poduct with asymmetic infomation. A fundamental tain of thought and a fame fo coodinating the fesh agicultual poduct supply chain unde asymmetic infomation esponse to disuptions ae povided in this study. Competing Inteests The authos declae that they have no competing inteests. Acknowledgments ThiseseachwassuppotedinpatbytheBasicReseach Pogam of Dezhou Univesity (Gant no. 205skc03, Shandong Povince Cucial R&D Plan Poject (205GGX05008, Shandong Povince Natual Science Fund (ZR203GL00, and Shandong Humanities and Social Science-Food Economy Management Reseach Base. Refeences []H.Zhou,Q.Ding,andJ.Otto, Theealityandpospectof fesh agicultual poduct supply chains in China, Intenational Jounal of Applied Management Science, vol.5,no.3,pp , 203. [2] Q. H. Pang, Y. Chen, and Y. L. Hu, Thee-level supply chain coodination unde disuptions based on evenue-shaing contact with pice dependent demand, Discete Dynamics in Natue and Society,vol.204,AticleID46462,pages,204. [3]H.Zhang,Y.Liu,andJ.S.Huang, Supplychaincoodination contacts unde double sided disuptions simultaneously, Mathematical Poblems in Engineeing, vol.205,aticleid 82043, 9 pages, 205. [4] J. Chen and B. Dan, Fesh agicultual poduct supply chain coodination unde the physical loss-contolling, System Engineeing Theoy & Pactice,vol.29,no.3,pp.54 62,2009. [5] X. Zhao and F. W. Wu, Coodination of agi-food chain with evenue-shaing contact unde stochastic output and demand, Chinese Jounal of Management Science,vol.7,no.5,pp.88 95, [6] L. Lin, S. P. Yang, and B. Dan, Thee-level supply chain coodination of fesh and live agicultual poducts by evenueshaing contacts, Jounal of System Engineeing, vol. 25, no. 4, pp ,200. [7] W. K. Zhang, L. H. Guo, and F. L. Guo, Reseach on coodination policy in a thee-level supply chain based on a punishment and evenue shaing contact, Foecasting, vol. 34, no. 2, pp , 205. [8] L. Liu and Y. Shi, Coodination of thee-stage supply chain with unconventional disuptions though buy-back contact, Jounal of Systems & Management, vol.24,no.2,pp , 205. [9] Ü. Güle and M. Pala, An inventoy poblem with two andomly available supplies, Opeations Reseach,vol.45,no. 6, pp , 997. [0] K. Chen and T. Xiao, Demand disuption and coodination of the supply chain with a dominant etaile, Euopean Jounal of Opeational Reseach,vol.97,no.,pp ,2009. [] D. Ding and J. Chen, Coodinating a thee level supply chain with flexible etun policies, Omega, vol. 36, no. 5, pp , [2] Y.-F. Huo and Z.-S. Liu, Coodination analysis on etailedominant thee-level supply chain unde disuption demand, Compute Integated Manufactuing Systems, vol.20,no.4,pp , 204. [3] W. G. Zhang, J. H. Fu, and H. Y. Li, Coodination of supply chain with a evenue-shaing contact unde demand disuptions when etailes compete, Intenational Jounal of Poduction Economics,vol.38,no.,pp.68 75,202.

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