Development of a charged particle tracker with plastic scintillating ber and Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode
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1 Development of a charged particle tracker with plastic scintillating ber and Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode Kim Siang Khaw Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich IPP ASL HS th Oct 2013 Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 1 / 11
2 Particle Physics What is the Standard Model? Theory that describes the interactions between a family of elementary particles All those particles and their interactions are observed and tested to very high precision The final missing piece - Higgs was found and confirmed last year (Nobel Prize in Physics 2013) Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 2 / 11
3 Particle Physics But how they did it? Accelerators (Atom smasher) Particle detectors (Charged particles, neutral particles, photon) Simulations of interactions of particles with detectors (GEANT4, COMSOL) Data Analysis (PAW, ROOT) Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 3 / 11
4 Energy loss processes of electron/positron 2 main processes of energy loss Ionisation (creating electron and ion pair) Bremsstrahlung (Interacting with the EM fields inside atom) Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 4 / 11
5 Plastic scintillating fiber Basic principle of detection Charged particle losses energy to the molecules inside Molecules are excited and drop back to the ground state by emitting photons Photons that are trapped inside can travel to the both ends of the fiber Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 5 / 11
6 Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD) Basic principle Photons hitting the entrance will create electron-hole pairs Electrons will be accelerated in electric field and repeating theprocess The electrons are detected as a current at the end Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 6 / 11
7 Photon counting ability of MPPC Counting single photon MPPC (Hamamatsu) is an array of those G-APDs 1Photoncanhit1pixelwhichthengivesapulse 2Photoncanhit2pixelswhichthengivesapulseoftwicetheheight before Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 7 / 11
8 DRS4 Analog to Digital converter (Digitizer) Convert the signal (pulse) to a waveform Store them as ROOT files Data analysis can be done anytime later Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 8 / 11
9 Linux and ROOT amplitude amplitude Entries Mean time time Entries Mean RMS RMS count 2 10 count energy (ch) time (ns) Waveform analysis and histogramming Operating system will be LINUX (Ubuntu distribution) Terminal will be used extensively Determine the timing and the height of the pulse Cut analysis to select goodëvents Decide the timing resolution, etc of the detector Kim Siang KHAW (ETH Zurich) Development of a charged particle tracker IPP ASL HS 2013, ETH Zurich 9 / 11
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