FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

Transcription

1 FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics Lecture notes Jan Rak Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland March 8, 2015 Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

2 Lectures organization FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, 7 ECTS Lectures: 20 sessions (40h) Exercises: 10 sessions Grading: Final exam 75% Exercises 25% All material in: Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

3 Topics Content: Introduction to Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Physics in theory and experiment. The course provides an overview over key aspects of modern high-energy heavy ion physics at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and presents both the theoretical and the experimental perspective. Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

4 Topics Topics to be discussed: 1 Notes on Quantum Mechanics and open questions in physics 2 Notes on Quantum Field Theory, QCD and the asymptotic freedom. 3 Running coupling constant. 4 Notes on Lorentz transformation. 5 Parton Model and the high-pt physics. 6 Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), QCD thermodynamics. 7 QCD hydrodynamics, flow velocity, Energy-momentum tensor. 8 Heavy Ion experiments. 9 Nuclear geometry, basic observables. 10 Collective phenomena, flow. 11 Probing QGP at LHC - high-p T particles and jets. 12 Basics of C++ and ROOT analysis frame. 13 Selected notes on accelerator physics, Luminosity, beam optics, LHC machine. 14 Selected notes on the statistical method and the data analysis. 15 Selected notes on particle interactions with matter, particle detection techniques. Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

5 Material Material: 1 J. Rak, M. Tannenbaum High-p T physics in the LHC era, Cambridge Uni. Press, D. Green, The Physics of Particle detectors, Cambridge University Press F. James, Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics, World Scientific, Y. Dokshitzer Basics of perturbative QCD, 1991, 5 W. Florkowski, Phenomenology of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, World Scientific, F. Halzen, A.D. Martin, Quarks & leptons, John Wiley & Sons, M. E. Peskin, D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, Addison-Wesley, R. Keith Ellis, W. James Stirling and Bryan R. Webber, QCD and collider physics, Cambridge University Press, Dan Green, High Pt Physics at Hadron Colliders, Cambridge University Press, Kohsuke Yagi, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Yasuo Miake, Quark-Gluon Plasma,Cambridge University Press, L. Czernay, Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, World Scientific, Cheuk-Yin, Wong, Introduction to High-Energy Heavy-Ion collisions, World Scientific Pub Co Inc, Ramona Vogt, Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, Elsevier, D.H. Perkins, Introduction to High Energy Physics, Addison-Wesley, A. Zee, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, Princeton University Press, Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

6 The most important material :-) Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

7 Lectures goal People often ignore history. Who reads papers older than 2000? 2010? People often assume that they can learn physics from Monte Carlo. People often assume that they can learn anything from Monte Carlo. People often ignore the REAL message the reality is telling us. Let me be bit provocative :-) The goal is to get you familiar with URHI physics and method frequently used the the field and prepare potentially interested candidates for an easy integration into the international collaboration/community. Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

8 Questions to think about The scientist is free, and must be free to ask any question, to doubt any assertion, to seek for any evidence, to correct any errors. Robert Oppenheimer Why HE physics? What is the purpose and benefit for the society, people, your friends and your mother? Why do you want to accomplish, what are the goals you wanna reach in your career? Where is the force coming from? Where is the attractive force coming from? Why the two point-like objects (quark) could ever scatter? Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

9 What is the High Energy Particle Physics about Three Kingdoms of Reality Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

10 What is the High Energy Particle Physics about Quantum physics Copenhagen interpretation - wavefunction collapse Quantum decoherence Many-worlds interpretation De Broglie-Bohm Objective collapse... Quantum Field Theory Standard Model - EW sector Phase transition - QCD Relativity Connection between QM and gravity? Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

11 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

12 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

13 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

14 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

15 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

16 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

17 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

18 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

19 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

20 Top scientific mysteries for the 21st century Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

21 My billion dollars questions What is the Quantum Mechanics teaching us about the Objective Reality? Particle-wave duality. How do we understand it? Just single or double slit experiment tells it all. Entanglement and non-locality in Quantum mechanics. Delay Choice experiment. Quantum tunneling Interaction free measurement. Quantum Zeno effect: take the decaying atom observing it and finding it undecayed resets the system to a definitive state, and the Schrödinger-equatlon evolution towards "decayed" must start again from scratch. The corollary is that If you keep measuring often enough. the system will never be able to decay. Casimir effect - nothing comes from nothing (more about this in the next lecture.) Aharonov Bohm effect Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22

22 Thanks for your attention! Slides for this talk will be available at: FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics Lecture notes Jan Rak Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland March 8, 2015 Jan Rak (Jyväskylä University, HIP, Finland) FYSH551 - Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Physics March 8, / 22