AS CLASSICAL CIVILISATION

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1 AS CLASSICAL CIVILISATION Paper 2B Homer Odyssey Monday 5 June 2017 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: an AQA 12-page answer book. Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is CIV2B. Answer questions from two options. Choose one option from Section 1 and one option from Section 2. Answer all questions from the options you have chosen. Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Do not tear out any part of the book. All work must be handed in. If you use more than one book, check that you have written the information required on each book. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 65. You will be marked on your ability to: - use good English - organise information clearly - use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. IB/M/Jun17/E2 CIV2B

2 2 Section 1 Choose either Option A or Option B. Answer all questions from the option you have chosen. Either Option A Read the passage below and answer Questions 01 to 04 which follow. Odysseus and his men have just arrived in Hades. When I had finished my prayers and invocations to the communities of the dead, I took the sheep and cut their throats over the trench so that the dark blood poured in. and now the souls of the dead came swarming up from Erebus brides, unmarried youths, old men who had suffered greatly, oncehappy girls with grief still fresh in their hearts, and a great throng of warriors killed in battle, their spear-wounds gaping and all their armour stained with blood. From this multitude of souls, as they fluttered to and fro by the trench, there came an eerie clamour. Panic drained the blood from my cheeks. I turned to my comrades and told them quickly to flay the sheep I had slaughtered with my sword and burn them, and to pray to the gods, to mighty Hades and august Persephone. But I myself sat on guard, bare sword in hand, and prevented any of the insubstantial presences from approaching the blood before I questioned Teiresias. The first spirit that came up was that of my own comrade Elpenor, for he had not yet been buried in the wide bosom of Earth. So urgent had our other task been that we had left his corpse unburied and unwept in Circe s palace. Now, when I saw him, tears started to my eyes and I was stirred with pity for him. I called across to him with winged words: Elpenor! How did you come here, to the land of shadows? You have been quicker on foot than I in my black ship Odyssey Book 11, lines Who was Teiresias? Make two points. [2 marks] 0 2 Give three details of how Elpenor had died. [3 marks] 0 3 How effectively in the passage does Homer portray the atmosphere of the scene? [10 marks]

3 3 0 4 In his account of his wanderings in Books 9 12, to what extent does Odysseus avoid taking responsibility for the loss of all of his men? Give the reasons for your answer and refer to Books 9 12 of the Odyssey. You might include discussion of: his treatment of Elpenor his reactions when the crew disobey him the Polyphemus episode the land of the Laestrygonians Circe s island passing Scylla and Charybdis. [20 marks] Turn over for Option B Turn over

4 4 or Option B Read the passage below and answer Questions 05 to 08 which follow. The Suitor Eurymachus has just spoken out, realising that Odysseus is about to attack him. As he spoke, he drew his sharp two-edged sword of bronze, and leapt at Odysseus with a blood-curdling shout. But at the same moment the good Odysseus let an arrow fly, which struck him on the breast by the nipple with such force that it pierced his liver. The sword dropped from his hand. He doubled up and fell sprawling over the table, hurling the food and wine-cup to the floor. In his agony he beat his forehead on the ground; his feet lashed out and rocked the chair, and mist closed over his eyes. 5 Amphinomus was the next to attack the illustrious Odysseus, making straight at him, sword in hand, to force him somehow from the doors. But before he could close, Telemachus hit him from behind, midway between the shoulders, 10 with a spear that pierced his breast. He fell with a crash and struck the ground with his forehead. Telemachus leapt back, leaving the long spear planted in Amphinomus body, because he was terrified that one of the enemy might dash in and strike him with a sword as he pulled at the long shaft or stooped above the corpse. So he ran off quickly to rejoin Odysseus and, 15 standing at his side, spoke words that flew: Listen, father, I am going to fetch you a shield now and a couple of spears and a bronze helmet to fit round your temples. I shall arm myself too when I come back, and do the same for the swineherd and the cowherd. It would be better to be armed. Odyssey Book 22, lines What has Eurymachus just said to try to persuade Odysseus to spare him? Make three points. [3 marks] 0 6 Which two companions of the Suitors are spared at the end of the battle? [2 marks] 0 7 How effectively in the passage does Homer depict the two deaths and the feelings of Telemachus? [10 marks]

5 5 0 8 Odysseus could not have beaten the Suitors without the help of others. To what extent do you agree? Give the reasons for your answer and refer to the books of the Odyssey you have read. You might include discussion of: help Odysseus receives from immortals Telemachus help Odysseus receives from other mortals what Odysseus does for himself fate. [20 marks] Turn over for Section 2 Turn over

6 6 Section 2 Choose either Option C or Option D and answer the question below. Either Option C 0 9 Of the females who do not live on Olympus, Penelope is the only one who has any significant effect on the events of the Odyssey. To what extent do you agree? Give reasons for your answer and refer to the books of the Odyssey you have read. You might include discussion of the contributions of: Penelope Calypso Ino Circe Nausicaa Arete Eurycleia. [30 marks] or Option D 1 0 In the first half of the Odyssey before Odysseus reaches Ithaca, to what extent is Zeus in control both of the other immortals and of humans? Give reasons for your answer and refer to the books of the Odyssey you have read. You might include discussion of: the nature of Zeus and his relationship with fate his relationship with the other gods his words and actions up to Odysseus arrival on Ithaca the actions of other gods and goddesses until then the extent to which Odysseus contributes to his own return the parts other mortals play. [30 marks] END OF QUESTIONS

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8 8 There are no questions printed on this page Copyright Information For confidentiality purposes, from the November 2015 examination series, acknowledgements of third party copyright material will be published in a separate booklet rather than including them on the examination paper or support materials. This booklet is published after each examination series and is available for free download from after the live examination series. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Copyright 2017 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. *JUN17CIV2B*