Rock Optimized Shaped Charges & Section IV Testing

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1 Rock Optimized Shaped Charges & Section IV Testing MENAPS 2013 Author: Liam McNelis Co-Author: Christian Eitschberger

2 INTRODUCTION & OUTLINE Test Configuration & Sandstone Targets Results Overview Analysis of Results Summary (Way Forward) MENAPS

3 TEST CONFIGURATION 3 x charge designs (HMX/St) - 26g DP (Conventional) - 26g Reactive Liner - 26g Rock Optimized (RO) Overburdon 6000 psi Pore-Pressure 2000 psi Wellbore 3000 psi 4 x sandstone rock types MENAPS

4 TEST CONFIGURATION SANDSTONE TARGETS (7 X 30 ) Sander Schilf UCS 6200psi Porosity % Perm md Carbon Tan UCS 8900psi Porosity % Perm md Main UCS 10150psi Porosity % Perm md Bunt UCS 11312psi Porosity % Perm md MENAPS

5 Rock Target RESULTS OVERVIEW TTP vs Sandstone Type (Free Gun Volume ~400 cm 3 /24.4 in 3 ) Sander Schilf UCS ~ 6200 psi Carbon Tan UCS ~ 8700 psi Main UCS ~ psi 26g RO Bunt UCS ~ psi 26g Reactive Liner 26g DP Conventional Penetration (") MENAPS

6 RESULTS OVERVIEW 26g Reactive Liner - 4 different rocks 10,9 11,8 8,1 7,4 Sander Schilf Carbon Tan Main Bunt MENAPS

7 Rock Type CHAPTER & PAGE TITLE HERE Pre/ Post Shot Permeability Ratio (Set 1) Sander Schilf Carbon Tan Main 26g RO Bunt 26g Reactive Liner 26g DP Conventional 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 PR (Axial Flow) MENAPS

8 RESULTS OVERVIEW Main Sandstone 3 different charges EHD: EHD: EHD: Reactive Liner RO DP MENAPS

9 Rock Target RESULTS OVERVIEW TTP vs Sandstone Type (Reduced Free Gun Volume 204cm 3 / 12.5 inch 3 ) Sander Schilf UCS ~ 5600 psi Carbon Tan UCS ~ 8700 psi Main UCS ~ psi Bunt UCS ~ psi 26g RO 26g Reactive Liner 26g DP Conventional Penetration (") MENAPS

10 Rock Type RESULTS OVERVIEW Pre/ Post Shot Permeability Ratio (Set 2) Sander Schilf 26g RO Carbon Tan 26g Reactive Liner Main 26g DP Conventional Bunt? 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 PR (Axial Flow) MENAPS

11 Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) RESULTS OVERVIEW High Speed Pressure Gauge (5 KHz) - Bunt Sandstone All tests were shot under identical static pressurized conditions. Dynamic Underbalance changes with smaller FGV. Larger pressure peaks due to gun hardware module & reduced FGV g DP HMX/St (Set#1 >Free Gun Volume) Time (ms) 26g DP HMX/St (Set#2 - Reduced Free Gun Volume) wellbore pressure pore pressure pore pressure wellbore pressure MENAPS Time (ms)

12 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Core Analysis Microscopic Photos Dye Flow Analysis CT Scans Thin Section Analysis MENAPS

13 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Microscope Analysis Crushed Zone & Skin Effects Rock Type Shaped Charge Underbalanced perforating Dynamics (DUB, Free Gun Volume) MENAPS

14 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Microscope Analysis Crushed Zone & Skin Effects Undamaged Rock Skin Perfortion Tunnel Presentation Title 14

15 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Fluorescent Dye Flow Analysis (Radial Flow) Main Sandstone: (UCS 10200psi), 26g DP HMX/St Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow MENAPS

16 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Fluorescent Dye Flow Analysis (Radial Flow) Main Sandstone: (UCS 10150psi), 26g Reactive Liner HMX/St Rock inhomogeneity & Cross Bedding Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow MENAPS

17 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Fluorescent Dye Flow Analysis (Radial Flow) Bunt Sandstone: (UCS 11200psi), 26g RO HMX/St Fluorescent dye indicates path of fluid flow MENAPS

18 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS CT Scans (computer aided tomography) Tip Fracture Radial core fracture invalidates flow results? Increase overburden MENAPS

19 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS CT Scans (computer aided tomography) Minimal skin effect at perforation tunnel with exception of the tip area. MENAPS

20 SUMMARY Sufficient penetration is desirable (> drilling damage zone) but highest DoP, especially in concrete targets, does not automatically mean best downhole flow performance Free Gun Volume influence on near wellbore dynamics, DUB & channel clean-up Best performance can be achieved by developing a charge specifically for the rock type (not always feasible time/cost/availablity of rock) Results indicate that sandstone rocks with medium-high porosity are more susceptable to skin effect and crushed zone than the harder rocks, particularly with OB perforating MENAPS

21 Thank you for your attention. MENAPS

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