GRS Evidence for Paleo-Oceans on Mars
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1 GRS Evidence for Paleo-Oceans on Mars Shawn Wheelock (and collaborators) Department of Hydrology and Water Resources El Dia del Agua, Univ. of AZ, March 26, 2009
2 Collaborators James M. Dohm (HWR) Victor R. Baker (HWR) William V. Boynton (LPL) Alberto G. Fairen Justin C. Ferris Michael Finch (LPL) Roberto Furfaro Trent M. Hare Daniel M. Janes (LPL) Jeffrey S. Kargel (HWR) Suniti Karunatillake John Keller Kris Kerry (LPL) Kyeong J. Kim Goro Komatsu William C. Mahaney Dirk Schulze-Makuch Lucia Marinangeli Gian G. Ori Javier Ruiz
3 Outline Overview of Mars Volcanism Paleo-floods MEGAOUTFLO Model Possible Paleo-oceans GRS Instrument Elemental Abundances Statistical Analysis Possible Conclusions Image:
4 Image Source: Earth and Mars (to scale) Diameter: Pressure 1 atm 1 AU 78% N 2, 21% O 2-88 to 58 C Diameter 6378 km 3397 km 9.76 m/s 2 Gravity Surface Pressure Distance from Sun Atmosphere Temperature 3.69 m/s atm AU 95% CO 2, 2.7% N 2-87 to ~0 C
5 Mars has Canals, Right? Image: USGS
6 Tharsis Magmatic Complex Superplume Volcanism (~28% coverage) Flood Channels Flood Channels Valles Marineris
7 A Little Perspective ~ 29 km tall (~95,000 )
8 Ancient Flood Channels Image: USGS Image: Baker, V.R. (2001)
9 MEGAOUTFLO Model Image: Baker, et al. (1991) Image: Baker, et al., (1991)
10 Magma + Water = BOOM Fairèn, Dohm et al. (2003)
11 Proposed Shorelines Shoreline 2 Shoreline 1 (covers ~1/3 of planet)
12 Mars Odyssey (2001) Spacecraft Image: Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS)
13 We have all this amazing elemental data. Now what? What if we used these proposed shorelines as cookie cutters?
14 Six Regions for Comparison Transition Zone Below Shoreline 1 Above shoreline 1 Below Shoreline 2 Above shoreline 2 Crustal thickness model of Zuber et al., 2000 modified by Fairèn et al., 2003
15 Statistical Tests Is the regional average distinct from the global average? Null hypothesis: The regional mean elemental content is identical to the mid-latitudinal mean.
16 Debouchment Area for Largest Floods K Region / Entire H_entire.sgm Blw.sh_2.sgm Abv_sh_2.sgm Blw_sh_1.sgm Abv_sh1.sgm Transition.sgm outside transition.sgm Shoreline Regions compared to Entire Region K-1461
17 Potassium (K) Region Time (s) Test Parameter (t) Confidence in Rejecting the Null Hypothesis Below Sh % Above Sh % Below Sh % Above Sh % Trans % Outside Trans %
18 Debouchment Area for Largest Floods Th Region / Entire H_entire.sgm Blw.sh_2.sgm Abv_sh_2.sgm Blw_sh_1.sgm Abv_sh1.sgm Transition.sgm outside transition.sgm Shoreline Regions compared to Entire Region Th-2615
19 Thorium (Th) Region Time (s) Test Parameter (t) Confidence in Rejecting the Null Hypothesis Below Sh % Above Sh % Below Sh % Above Sh % Trans % Outside Trans %
20 Debouchment Area for Largest Floods Fe Region / Entire H_entire.sgm Blw.sh_2.sgm Abv_sh_2.sgm Blw_sh_1.sgm Abv_sh1.sgm Transition.sgm outside transition.sgm Shoreline Regions compared to Entire Region Fe
21 Iron (Fe) Region Time (s) Test Parameter (t) Confidence in Rejecting the Null Hypothesis Below Sh % Above Sh % Below Sh % Above Sh % Trans % Outside Trans %
22 Comparison
23 Conclusions Results May be Explained by Weathering and Transport of Older Crustal Materials in the Southern Highlands Observed Elemental Distribution May also Explained by Inherent Variations in Igneous Rock Source Lavas A Third Mechanism is Heterogeneities in the Extent of Aqueous Alteration
24 Geology is Messy! Must NOT be Reductionist Therefore, it is Likely All Three.
25
26 A Huge Thank You To: My Collaborators The GRS Team The HWR Department for Funding Me James Dohm for Cooking Dinner for (Endless) Late Night Research! Image: MER Opportunity
27 Any
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