Cyber Quake GENERAL FEATURES OF CYBERQUAKE 2.01

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1 GENERAL FEATURES OF CYBERQUAKE 2.01 Multi-layered soil profiles with no lateral heterogeneity (1D geometry); Totally drained condition for layers above the water level; Totally undrained or partially drained (coupled two-phase analysis) conditions for saturated layers underneath the water level; 2D/3D kinematics depending on software version ( Engineering or Advanced Engineering ); Integrated non linear constitutive model driver to simulate simple (cyclic or monotonous) shear tests using various boundary conditions; (G-D,γ) curves generation; Rigid or deformable bedrock; External loading (static or dynamic) on ground surface; Linear elastic or elastoplastic behavior assumptions (effective stress) for transient finite element analysis with automatic time-step and mesh generation to fulfill stability and accuracy requirements; Equivalent Linear Approach (viscoelastic multi-layered soil model, analysis in frequency domain); Deconvolution of input motion from Control Point to bedrock (reference base motion); Integrated toolbox for signal processing (Direct and inverse Fast Fourier transforms, baseline corrections, frequency filters, Fourier spectrum smoothing, response spectra, etc.); An extensible database of natural accelerograms; Integrated graphics and on-line Help. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS VERSION In-plane 2D kinematics for non linear analysis: one horizontal component and one vertical component; 1D kinematics for linear equivalent analysis: one out-of-plane horizontal component (as in SHAKE software); Totally drained or undrained analyses depending on water table position. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE ADVANCED ENGINEERING ANALYSIS VERSION This version offers all features enumerated in the previous sections and more specifically: 3D kinematics for linear equivalent and non linear analyses: two horizontal components and one vertical component (NS, EW, UP); Totally drained condition for layers above the water level; Totally undrained or partially drained (coupled two-phase analysis) conditions for saturated layers underneath the water level.

2 ABOUT THE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL The cyclic elastoplastic constitutive relationship (Mellal, 1997) implemented in Cyber software (Modaressi et al., 1995) is a cyclic elastoplastic model which derives from the multimechanism elastoplastic Hujeux model (Aubry et al., 1982 ; Hujeux, 1985) and from the elastoplastic interface model developed by Aubry et al. (1990). The main features of this model are as the following: A unique Coulomb-type failure criterion is assumed for both monotonous and cyclic loading paths ; Existence of a volumetric and shear hardening regimes: dependence on the consolidation pressure (as in the Cam-Clay family models) and evolution of the plastic yield surface with the shear and volumetric plastic strains ; Accounting for dilatancy/contractance of soils and non associated flowing behavior: evolution of the plastic strain rate through a Roscoe-type dilatancy rule. This model is successful in reproducing the complex features of nonlinear soil behavior under seismic loading for a large range of deformation. It permits for instance: - assessment of irreversible deformations at any depth of the soil profile (settlements, etc.); - coupling between all components of motion (3D) - simulating soil liquefaction (pore-pressure build-up, etc.). Since release 2.0, a Parameter Wizard based on correlations from R&D works and literature (e.g. lab experiments) can be used to determine the main constitutive model parameters from standard geophysical and geotechnical data, such as wave velocities, bulk density, Relative Density and granulometric features (grain shape, size, uniformity) for granular material or Plasticity Index and Over-Consolidation Ratio (OCR) for clayey materials. SOFTWARE REFERENCES Foerster, E. & Modaressi, H. (2007) - Nonlinear numerical method for earthquake site response analysis II case studies, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 5(3), Stamatopoulos, C.A., Bassanou, M., Brennan, A.J., Madabhushic, G. (2007) - Mitigation of the seismic motion near the edge of cliff-type topographies. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 27, Foerster, E. & Modaressi, H. (2007) A diagonal consistent mass matrix for earthquake site response simulations. 4 th Int. Conf. on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (4 th ICEGE-2007), Thessaloniki, Greece (paper 1242). Bernardie, S., Foerster, E., Modaressi, H. (2006) - Nonlinear site response simulations in Chang-Hwa region during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26(11), Bernardie, S., Foerster, E., Modaressi, H. (2004) - Non linear site response simulation during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. 13 th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (13 th WCEE-2004), Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 1-6 (paper 1923).

3 Modaressi, H. & Foerster, E. (2004) - Cyber Version 2.01: User s Guide. BRGM, France. Foerster, E., Modaressi, H. & Choppin de Janvry, L. (2001) - Nonlinear site response simulations at Port Island during the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, 10 th Int. Conf. on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomech., IACMAG 10, Tucson, Arizona, Jan. 7-11, 2001, Modaressi, H., Foerster, E. & Mellal, A. (1997) - Computer-aided Seismic Analysis of Soils, 6 th Int. Symp. on Num. Models in Geomech. (NUMOG VI), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, July 2-4, Modaressi, H., Foerster, E., Aubry, D. & Modaressi, A. (1995) - Research and professional computeraided dynamic analysis of soils. 1 st Int. Conf. Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (IS- TOKYO 95), Tokyo, Japan, CONSTITUTIVE MODEL REFERENCES Lopez-Caballero, F., Modaressi-Farahmand Razavi, A., Modaressi, H. (2007) - Nonlinear numerical method for earthquake site response analysis I- elastoplastic cyclic model & parameter identification strategy, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 5(3), Lopez-Caballero, F. (2003) - Influence du comportement non linéaire du sol sur les mouvements sismiques induits dans des géo-structures. Thèse de doctorat, Ecole Centrale Paris, France (in French). Modaressi, A., Lopez-Caballero, F. (2001) - Global methodology for soil behavior idenfication and its application to the study of site effects. Proc. 4 th Int. Conf. of Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, San Diego, CA, 2001, March (CD-ROM). Modaressi, A. & Lopez-Caballero, F. (1999) - Seismic Ground Displacements. - Progress report No 3 Seismic Ground Displacements, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols, Structures, Matériaux. Ecole Centrale de Paris, France. Lopez-Caballero, F. (1999) - Logique pour obtenir les paramètres du modèle Cyber. - Rapport de Stage du D.E.A. M.S.O.E., Ecole Centrale de Paris, France (in French). Mellal, A. (1997) - Analyse des effets du comportement non linéaire des sols sur le mouvement sismique. Thèse de Doctorat, Ecole Centrale Paris, France (in French). Hujeux, J.C. (1985) - Une loi de comportement pour le chargement cyclique des sols, Génie Parasismique, , V. Davidovici (ed.), Presses de l Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, France (in French). Aubry, D., Modaressi, A. & Modaressi, H. (1990) - A Constitutive Model for Cyclic Behaviour of Interfaces with Variable Dilatancy. Computers and Geotechnics, 9: Aubry, D., Hujeux, J.C., Lassoudière, F. & Meimon, Y. (1982) - A double memory model with multiple mechanisms for cyclic soil behaviour, Int. Symp. Num. Model. Geomech., Zurich, Suisse.

4 ALGERIA University of Alger CANADA University of Montréal, Québec CYBERQUAKE IN THE WORLD FRANCE CEA CETE Méditerranée (Nice) EDF-Septen (Lyon), EDF-CIH (Chambéry) Géodynamique et Structures IRSN Engineering schools / Universities : Ecole Centrale Paris, Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble (LGIT, INPG), University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis, UMR Géosciences Azur GERMANY University of Weimar GREECE Institute of Engineering Seismology & Earthquake Engineering (ITSAK) Kotzias-Stamatopoulos Co. Ltd Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Technical University of Athens IRAN International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology ITALY Studio Geotecnico Italiano s.r.l. (SGI), Milan Polytechnic University of Milan Federico II University, Naples A.P.A.T. (Agency for Environmental Protection), Rome JAPAN International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tsukuba Geo-Research Institute, Osaka KOREA Construction Consulting Group Inc. (Seoul) ; BASIS CONSULT MACEDONIAN REPUBLIC Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology ("St. Cyril & Methodius" University of Skopje) PHILIPPINES Mapua Institute of Technology, Manila PORTUGAL IST (Instituto Superior Téchnico), Lisbon ROMANIA Politechnica University of Timisoara National Institute of R-D for Earth Physics SWITZERLAND EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) Résonance Ingénieurs - Conseils S.A.

5 University of Geneva TUNISIA National Institute of Meteorology. UNITED KINGDOM WS ATKINS Group UNITED-STATES University of California at Berkeley University of South California at Los Angeles University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Missouri-Rolla Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cyber