ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA FASCICULA PSIHOLOGIE Editura Universităţii din Oradea. Octombrie, 2004 Vol. VI

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1 ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN ORADEA FASCICULA PSIHOLOGIE Editura Universităţii din Oradea Referenţi ştiinţifici: Octombrie, 2004 Vol. VI Prof. univ. dr. Ioan Radu, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca Prof. univ. dr. James McMahon, Institutul Albert Ellis, New York, S.U.A. Colectivul de redacţie: Prof. univ. dr. Elena Bonchiş, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea Prof. univ. dr. Nicolae Jurcău, Universitatea Tehnică, Cluj-Napoca Conf. univ. dr. Daniel David, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca Lect. univ. drd. Monica Secui, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea Lect. univ. drd. Simona Popa, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea Responsabil de număr: Asist. univ. drd. Mihai Marian, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea Corectare şi tehnoredactare: Prep. univ. Gabriel Roşeanu, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea Prep. univ. Marius Drugaş, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea Adresa de contact: ISSN:

2 CUPRINS / CONTENTS Articole / Articles Elena Bonchiş 7 ORIENTĂRI NOI ÎN PROBLEMATICA DEZVOLTĂRII PSIHICE UMANE - TEORIA SISTEMELOR ECOLOGICE Daniel David, Julie Schnur, Raymond DiGiuseppe, Aurora Szentagotai, Bianca Macavei, Eva Kallay 14 THE ORGANIZATION AND THE NATURE OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS: SCHEMAS OR APPRAISAL Simona Trip, Martiţa Popa 37 APLICAŢII ALE TERAPIEI COGNITIV-COMPORTAMENTALE (CBT) ÎN EDUCAŢIE Zsuzsanna Szabo 56 IDENTITY FORMATION AND INTIMACY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN MALES AND FEMALES Marius Drugaş, Gabriel Roşeanu 78 STUDIU DE VALIDARE ŞI ETALONARE A CHESTIONARULUI DE EXPERIENŢĂ SUBIECTIVĂ A TIMPULUI (TEQ) Monica-Liana Secui 90 TEORII EXPLICATIVE ALE FORMĂRII IDENTITĂŢII DE GEN: PERSPECTIVA BIOLOGICĂ Carmen Bora 104 AUTOEFICACITATEA ŞI PERFORMANŢA ŞCOLARĂ Natalia Cojocaru, Stela Şuhan 117 ORGANIZAREA ŞI REORGANIZAREA SOCIALĂ A MEMORIEI CONFLICTULUI DIN TRANSNISTRIA Delia (Breban) Bârle, Carmen Bora 136 DECIZIA ADOLESCENŢILOR PENTRU CARIERĂ Mihai Marian 145 MODELE ALE ANXIETĂŢII ŞI DEPRESIEI Adina Ban 169 FACTORII DE VULNERABILITATE COGNITIVĂ ÎN ANXIETATE: RELAŢIA ÎNTRE ACCEPTAREA NECONDIŢIONATĂ DE SINE ŞI NIVELUL ANXIETĂŢII Rosana Stan 178 MECANISME COGNITIVE ÎN ÎNSUŞIREA LIMBII MATERNE TEORII ASUPRA LIMBAJULUI

3 Alina Radu 186 PROGRAM TERAPEUTIC PENTRU ABUZATORI ORIENTĂRI NOI ÎN PROBLEMATICA DEZVOLTĂRII PSIHICE UMANE TEORIA SISTEMELOR ECOLOGICE Elena Bonchiş 1 This paper is a theoretical presentation of a relatively new approach in human psychic development, the ecologic approach. In the first part, the etymologic meaning of the word ecologic is presented, followed by a short historical review, thus outlining the fact that the ecologic paradigm of human development is actually a natural outcome of some early assumptions stretching back as far as ancient Greece. The second part, consists of a brief presentation of the contributions of some American psychologists, such as..., to the understanding of the developmental mechanism of the human psychic, trough the intervention of some elements within the surrounding environment structured at different levels of complexity. The ecological paradigm of human development does not replace other theories but comes to complete them and to bring even more sustaining arguments for the role of the environment and especially the socio-cultural one. THE ORGANIZATION AND THE NATURE OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS: SCHEMAS OR APPRAISAL? Daniel David 2 Julie Schnur 3 Raymond DiGiuseppe 4 Aurora Szentagotai 5 Bianca Macavei 6 Kallay Eva 7 O problemă importantă pe care atât terapia raţional-emotivă cât şi cea cognitivcomportamentală trebuie să o abordeze este cea referitoare la organizarea şi natura cogniţiilor numite credinţe iraţionale. Unii autori consideră credinţele iraţionale ca fiind cogniţii evaluative (cogniţii fierbinţi) şi astfel este important să fie relaţionate cu teoria aprecierii pe când alţii consideră credinţele iraţionale a fi organizate sub formă de scheme (cogniţii reci) şi prin urmare ele trebuie relaţionate cu teoria schemelor. Cele trei studii prezentate în acest articol se adresează chestiunii privitoare la natura credinţelor iraţionale utilizând teoria schemelor ca modalitate de cercetare. Rezultatele obţinute indică faptul că utilizarea imperativului trebuie şi evaluarea globală/autodeprecierea par a fi organizate sub formă de scheme (studiul 2), iar catastrofarea (studiul 1) şi toleranţa scăzută la frustrare (studiul 3) sunt mai bine conceptualizate în termeni de evaluare. În continuare utilizarea imperativului trebuie pare a fi puternic asociat cu evaluarea globală/autodeprecierea, catastrofarea şi toleranţa scăzută la frustrare; acest rezultat sprijină asumpţia CBT/REBT ului conform căreia utilizarea imperativului trebuie este nucleul credinţei iraţionale.

4 APLICAŢII ALE TERAPIEI COGNITIV - COMPORTAMENTALE (CBT) ÎN EDUCAŢIE Simona Trip 8 Martiţa Popa 9 This article is a theoretical framework regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy applications in education. It offers examples of how cognitive-behavioral interventions may help children attend success in school. A school counselor can use cognitive-behavioral techniques in helping students acceiving their succes by developing their academic, career and personal/social skills. The school counselors also also may apply cognitive-behavioral principles in consulting activities. IDENTITY FORMATION AND INTIMACY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN MALES AND FEMALES Zsuzsanna Szabo 10 Conform teoriei dezvoltării psihosociale elaborate de Erikson, atât femeile cât şi bărbaţii trec prin criza de identitate (stadiul 5) şi apoi prin criza de intimitate (stadiul 6). Alţi autori, cum ar fi de exemplu Gilligan au o opinie diferită considerând că bărbaţii şi femeile trec prin aceste stadii în modalităţi diferite. În această lucrare este prezentată disputa referitor la aceste două stadii de dezvoltare. STUDIU DE VALIDARE ŞI ETALONARE A CHESTIONARULUI DE EXPERIENŢĂ SUBIECTIVĂ A TIMPULUI (TEQ) Marius Drugaş 11 Gabriel Roşeanu 12 This article presents the norms and internal consistency (Alfa Cronbach) for each scale of the Time Experience Questionnaire (T.E.Q.) (Ricks, Epley şi Wessman, 1973) calculated for the Romanian population. A sample of 226 subjects of both sexes were used with ages between 17 and 66. The obtained results for the internal consistency for seven of the eight scales were satisfactory, ranging from.59 to.82. For one of the scales however, the internal consistency value was less that the admitted value (.35). In general the T.E.Q. is an efficient tool for measuring the way in which people organize their time and also outline some important aspects of their personality involved in this activity. TEORII EXPLICATIVE ALE FORMĂRII IDENTITĂŢII DE GEN: PERSPECTIVA BIOLOGICĂ Monica-Liana Secui 13 Generally, the issues concerning gender development are analyzed using biological, psychological and sociological perspectives. Our paper presents the processes used by

5 biological approaches to describe the development of gender, taking into account the hormonal effects and the sociobiology s explanations to the gender differentiation. We also discuss the evidences relevant to the most pressing problems of this theoretical orientation. Our final remarks stress the importance of the integration of perspectives. AUTOEFICACITATEA ŞI PERFORMANŢA ŞCOLARĂ Carmen Bora 14 The issue of motivation in school is very important for the academic achievement and has to be treated seriously by teachers, counselors and educational psychologists. Through motivation our behaviours can be explained. Self-efficacy is the belief of a person that he/she has the abillity to organize and execute the course of an action in order acheive performance. This belief has an important impact on getting involved in school assignments and academic achievement. Students who have a strong sense of self-efficacy will be motivated for school and be performant and those who have a fragile sense of self-efficacy won t engage themselves in any academic task and will experiment failure. ORGANIZAREA ŞI REORGANIZAREA SOCIALĂ A MEMORIEI CONFLICTULUI DIN TRANSNISTRIA Natalia Cojocaru 15 Stela Şuhan 16 A partir de la théorie des cadres sociaux de la mémoire (M. Halbwachs, 1925) et de la théorie de la structuration de mémoire par culture et intérêts, dans cette article on met en évidence la façon dont la mémoire du conflit déclenché en 1992 dans la région d est de la République de Moldavie s organise et se réorganise. On pris comme point de départ le fait que les représentations sociales du passé sont les structures de la mémoire collective et elles s actualisent, se transforment, se construisent par le langage. Par l analyse discursive (des interviews et de la presse écrite) nous avons identifié les ressources linguistiques utilisees pour la restructuration de la mémoire collective et nous avons illustré comment les individus utilisent le langage pour reconstruire les représentations du passé. DECIZIA ADOLESCENŢILOR PENTRU CARIERĂ Delia (Breban) Bârle 17 Carmen Bora 14 Career decision making is a very complex process. As a result, career counselors are confronted with a variety of difficulties that adolescents encounter when making a career decision. In the literature, the construct of career indecision is used to denote problems during the career decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of career indecision for students, boys and girls, in high school (of the Xth and last year) and also the stability and the internality of career decision-making process. The results showed only the effect of age in this process.

6 MODELE ALE ANXIETĂŢII ŞI DEPRESIEI Mihai Marian 18 In this article we are disscoussing the theories of depression and anxiety and their implication on the activities of the clinician psychologist. Recent research has focused on testing of diathesis-stress hypothesis and on the role of the depressogenic causal atributional style. FACTORI DE VULNERABILITATE COGNITIVĂ ÎN ANXIETATE: RELAŢIA ÎNTRE ACCEPTAREA NECONDIŢIONATĂ DE SINE ŞI NIVELUL ANXIETĂŢII Adina Ban 19 Anxiety is an etiquette which has been given to a number of emotional disturbances. We tried here a brief presentation of the main idea of the Beck and Ellis theories of emotional disfunctions like anxiety and of the new concept of unconditional self-acceptance (USA) (Ellis şi Dryden, 1997). We enumerated the 10 principles which sustain this concept. The study purpose was to prove if a higher level of unconditional self-acceptance is associated with lower level of anxiety, even in conditions of higher stress perception. The results showed a inverse relation between trait anxiety and USA and also showed that a person which accept her self is generally less anxious than a person who has self-acceptance problems. MECANISME COGNITIVE ÎN ÎNSUŞIREA LIMBII MATERNE TEORII ASUPRA LIMBAJULUI Rosana Stan 20 The theme of the present research is constituted by the way of organizing and developing of the functional conventions involved in reading and writing, as dimensions of mother tongue acquisition and cultivation of individual language. To recent approaches in the field of mother tongue acquisition here will be searched the applicability to improve the traditional methodology of reading-writing teaching, thus bringing more efficiency to the phoneticanalytical-synthetic method. There will be presented several different theoretical approaches concerning the cognitive mechanisms of mother tongue acquisition, in the same time stressing the recent approaches in the field. PROGRAM TERAPEUTIC PENTRU ABUZATORI Alina Ramona Radu 21 Domestic violence is defined as being any act or omission of an act, in the context of family relathionship, an act that subminates life, body integrity or the freedom of another member of the same family. This phenomena represents a real social problem in Romania and the legal authority statuated a procedure and a low concerning domestic violence; this procedure also

7 implains therapeutical programs for abusers. The present paper presents a therapeutical program for domestic abusers, based on intervention on cognitive, affective, physiological and behavioral level. 1 Profesor universitar doctor, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane, Oradea 2 Ph.D., Associate Professor, Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3 Ph.D., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Biobehavioral and Integrative Medicine Programs, New York, U.S.A. 4 Ph.D., St. John s University, Department of Psychology, New York, U.S.A. 5 M.A., Babes-Bolyai University, Department of Psychology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 6 M.A., Babes-Bolyai University, Department of Psychology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 7 M.A., Babes-Bolyai University, Department of Psychology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 8 Lector universitar doctorand, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 9 Director, Şcoala cu clasele I-VIII, Hidişel, com. Dobreşti, jud. Bihor 10 Ph. D., Educational Department Psychology, University of Arizona. U.S.A. 11 Preparator universitar, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 12 Preparator universitar, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 13 Lector universitar doctorand, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 14 Psiholog, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane, C.C.P.I.O.Ş.V., Oradea 15 Lector universitar, Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Chişinău, Republica Moldova 16 Lector universitar, Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Chişinău, Republica Moldova 17 Asistent universitar doctorand, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 18 Asistent universitar doctorand, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 19 Psiholog, Grădiniţa Specială pentru Copii Ambliopi, Oradea 20 Asistent universitar doctorand, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane 21 Preparator universitar, Universitatea din Oradea, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane