Form and Faunas. Cenozoic climatic and environmental change. G404 Geobiology. Department of Geological Sciences Indiana University
|
|
- Clare Carson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Form and Faunas Cenozoic climatic and environmental change Titanoboa cerrejonensis (painting by Jason Bourque)
2 Atmospheric circulation today Strong insolation at equator combined with isolated climate at the poles produces Hadley cells Intertropical convergence zone at equator results in high precipitation Subtropical highs result in bands of low precipitation Subpolar lows result in bands of higher precipitation
3 Modern annual variation in precipitation Department of Geography, University of Oregon
4 Modern ocean currents (surface) Circumpolar current (Office of Naval Research)
5 Modern biomes (WIkimedia Commons, Sten Porse)
6 Characteristics of Earth s modern climate Strong latitudinal gradient in temperature Isthumus of Panama, Africa and the Middle East block circum-equatorial currents Arctic Ocean and seas surrounding Antarctica allow for circum-polar currents and promote ice caps Wet tropics, dry subtropics because of vertical atmospheric circulation patterns Global mean annual surface temperature ( average) = 13.9 C (57.0F)
7 Paleogene geography ( 2010, Ron Blakey, NAU Geology)
8 Global temperature through the Cenozoic Oxygen isotope proxy for temperature Global mean annual temperatures at PETM 19.8C (leaf data) to 26.0C (isotope data) ( F) (Zachos et al., Science, 292: )
9 Climate in the Paleogene circles = no frost intolerant plants squares = palms triangles = cycads, gingers or tree ferns Eocene Metasequoia stumps, Axel Heiberg Island (photo by Greenwood) (Greenwood & Wing, Geology, 23:
10 Paleogene latitudinal gradient Plant data show that latitudinal gradient was weak (Greenwood & Wing, Geology, 23: )
11 Ocean currents in the Paleogene (Seibold and Berger, The Sea Floor)
12 Biogeographic movements of mammals at the Paleocene- Eocene thermal maximum (Hooker, Mammalian faunal change across the Paleoeocene-Eocene Transition in Europe).
13 Responses of organisms to changing climates How do species respond to changing environments? By locally adapting via natural selection or ecophenotypic plasticity; By shifting their geographic ranges; By extinction; Or by the interaction of 1 & 2. How do communities respond to changing environments? By coevolution via natural selection or ecophenotypic plasticity; By geographic range shifts; By extinction, total or selective; Or by the interaction of 1, 2 & 3.
14 Ecometrics - the study of organismal-environment interaction through traits taxon-free patterns of morphological trait variation as proxy for climate or environment taxon-free refers to traits that have a physical relationship to environment, regardless of taxonomic group Examples include tooth morphology and diet, locomotor mechanics, respiratory characters (especially in plants) (Polly et al, History Matters. Proc. R. Soc. B., 278: )
15 Levels of ecometric analysis and types of traits 1. The trait must be comparable across taxa and time (Polly et al, History Matters. Proc. R. Soc. B., 278: ) 2. The trait must be correlated with some aspect of environment 3. The mean of the trait in a community must be correlated with the same aspect of environment
16 Titanoboa cerrejonensis 1.5 ton boid snake from the Paleocene of Colombia UF/IGM 3, Dorsal view 5 cm UF/IGM 2, Anterior view UF/IGM 5, Anterior view UF/IGM 4, Anterior view Head, J.J., J.I. Bloch, A.K. Hastings, J.R. Bourque, E. Cadena, F. Herrera, P.D. Polly, and C.A. Jaramillo Giant boine snake from a Paleocene Neotropical rainforest indicates hotter past equatorial temperatures. Nature, 457:
17 Titanoboa s relatives Elapidae Elapidae Colubridae Viperidae Typhlopidae Cylindrophidae Boidae Photos from Greene, Snakes, Mystery in Nature. California
18 How big was Titanoboa? Regression of SVL on vertebra width P < 0.001, R2 = 0.7 Total body length: m +/ m (42 ft) Body mass: 1,135 kg (1.27 tons) Living anaconda: Living python: Record = 7 m, Average = 6.5 m Record = 9 m, Average = 6 m An adult Ball python slithering over a Titanoboa vertebra. (c) 2009, Jason J. Head (Graphic by Brady MacDonald (c) 2009, LA Times) Head, J.J., J.I. Bloch, A.K. Hastings, J.R. Bourque, E. Cadena, F. Herrera, P.D. Polly, and C.A. Jaramillo Giant boine snake from a Paleocene Neotropical rainforest indicates hotter past equatorial temperatures. Nature, 457:
19 Why was Titanoboa so big? Size, metabolism and temperature in poikilotherms* mass specific metabolism b is lower in larger organisms, placing limit on maximum size (B = base metabolic rate, M = body mass) Max size (Lmax) is function of temperature and base metabolic rate Record sizes for living poikilotherms Relative size is proportional to temperature * poikilotherm = body temp equal to environmental temp Makarieva, A.M, V.G. Gorshkov, and B-L. Li Temperatureassociated upper limits to body size in terrestrial poikilotherms. Oikos, 111:
20 Reptile paleothermometer Estimated temperatures at Cerrejon Minimum MAT for Titanoboa : C Minimum MAT for Cerrejonemys: C do18 Forams: C Cerrejón paleofloras: C (known underestimate) Head, J.J., J.I. Bloch, A.K. Hastings, J.R. Bourque, E. Cadena, F. Herrera, P.D. Polly, and C.A. Jaramillo Giant boine snake from a Paleocene Neotropical rainforest indicates hotter past equatorial temperatures. Nature, 457:
21 Latitudinal temperature gradient in the Paleocene Titanoboa Latitude Mean annual temperature Shellito, C.J., L.C. Sloan and M. Huber Climate model sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 levels in the Early-Middle Paleogene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 193:
22 Other giant reptiles of the Paleocene Palaeophis snake Gigantophis snake podocnemidid turtle Boid snake Drazindaretes turtle Agamid lizard (Head et al., in prep)
23 Scientific papers for further reading Eldrett, J. S., D. R. Greenwood, I. C. Harding, and M. Huber Increased seasonality through the Eocene to Oligocene transition in northern high latitudes. Nature, 459: Head, J.J., J.I. Bloch, A.K. Hastings, J.R. Bourque, E. Cadena, F. Herrera, P.D. Polly, and C.A. Jaramillo Giant boine snake from a Paleocene Neotropical rainforest indicates hotter past equatorial temperatures. Nature, 457: Polly, P.D., J.T. Eronen, M. Fred, G.P. Dietl, V. Mosbrugger, C. Scheidegger, D.C. Frank, J. Damuth, N.C. Stenseth & M. Fortelius History matters: ecometrics and integrative climate change biology. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278: Zachos, J., M. Pagani, L. Sloan, E. Thomas, and K. Billups Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science, 292:
Vertebrate Biogeography and Evolution
Vertebrate Biogeography and Evolution Phylogeny, Plate Tectonics, and Climate Less Digitigrady More Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 Biogeography The study of the distribution of species, organisms,
More informationPaleoclimate: What can the past tell us about the present and future? Global Warming Science February 14, 2012 David McGee
Paleoclimate: What can the past tell us about the present and future? 12.340 Global Warming Science February 14, 2012 David McGee 1 Recent observed trends: Greenhouse gases Image courtesy of NOAA. 2 Recent
More informationWarm and sensitive Paleocene-Eocene climate e
Warm and sensitive Paleocene-Eocene climate num e ric a mo l del lin g Malte Heinemann 1),2) Johann H. Jungclaus1), Jochem Marotzke1) Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 2) IMPRS - Earth
More informationModule 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes
Introduction Latitude is such an important climate factor that you can make generalizations about a location's climate based on its latitude. Areas near the equator or the low latitudes are generally hot
More informationSection 4 Professor Donald McFarlane
Carbon cycle Present in atmosphere in low concentrations Autotrophs incorporate it into organic matter via photosynthesis Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Lecture 23 and Climate Carbon Cycle Respiration
More informationDevelopment of the Global Environment
Development of the Global Environment G302: Spring 2004 A course focused on exploration of changes in the Earth system through geological history Simon C. Brassell Geological Sciences simon@indiana.edu
More informationThe Pleistocene Ice Ages
The Pleistocene Ice Ages 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 EPOCH QART PLIO CRETACEOUS PALEOCENE EOCENE OLIGOCENE MIOCENE Nalma * Irving./RLB Blancan Hemphillian Clarendonian Barstovian Hemingfordian Arikareean Whitneyan
More informationLecture 18 Paleoceanography 2
Lecture 18 Paleoceanography 2 May 26, 2010 Trend and Events Climatic evolution in Tertiary Overall drop of sea level General cooling (Figure 9-11) High latitude (deep-water) feature Two major step Middle
More informationPaleoclimate indicators
Paleoclimate indicators Rock types as indicators of climate Accumulation of significant thicknesses of limestone and reef-bearing limestone is restricted to ~20º + - equator Gowganda tillite, Ontario
More informationGlobal Circulation. Local weather doesn t come from all directions equally Everyone s weather is part of the global circulation pattern
Global Circulation Local weather doesn t come from all directions equally Everyone s weather is part of the global circulation pattern Wind rose shows % frequency of winds around the compass 1 Global Circulation
More informationElements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall
Climate Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages 560-573 Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Overall rainfall Seasonal distribution of rainfall
More informationBiogeography. An ecological and evolutionary approach SEVENTH EDITION. C. Barry Cox MA, PhD, DSc and Peter D. Moore PhD
Biogeography An ecological and evolutionary approach C. Barry Cox MA, PhD, DSc and Peter D. Moore PhD Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Fmnklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London
More informationMesozoic Era 251 m.y.a 65.5 m.y.a
Mesozoic Cenozoic notes.notebook Mesozoic & Cenozoic 251 m.y.a Present at the end of the Permian, 90% of marine organisms and more than 70% of land organisms died. because resources and space were readily
More informationBiosphere Organization
Biosphere Organization What is a biome? Biomes refer to a large region or area characterized by the following: 1. A particular climate pattern of the annual temperature and precipitation distribution,
More informationClimate and Biomes. Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott
Climate and Biomes Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott Remember that an ecosystem consists of all the biotic
More informationClimate. Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages
Academic Excellence Showcase Thursday, May 27 Two points credit for each talk you attend in Earth science 8:30 to 10:30 AM, in NS 101 General Science video productions: Energy 9:00 to 11:00 AM, in NS 218
More informationName Class Date. 2. What is the average weather condition in an area over a long period of time called? a. winter b. temperature c. climate d.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: What Is Climate? CLIMATE VS. WEATHER 1. What kind of conditions vary from day to day? a. climate b. weather c. latitude d. biome 2. What is the average weather
More informationGeological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE
Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) 1 DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE 2 Imagine putting everything that has happened on Earth into a one hour time frame! 3 12:00am
More informationOur climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.
CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with
More informationLast Time. Submarine Canyons and Fans. Turbidites. MAS 603: Geological Oceanography. Lecture 16: Greenhouse vs. Icehouse Earths
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA Last Time MAS 603: Geological Oceanography Lecture 16: Greenhouse vs. Icehouse Earths Submarine Fans Definition and morphology Transport mechanisms (density currents) Submarine
More informationHADLEY CELL EXPANSION IN TODAY S CLIMATE AND PALEOCLIMATES
HADLEY CELL EXPANSION IN TODAY S CLIMATE AND PALEOCLIMATES Bill Langford University Professor Emeritus Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Guelph, Canada Presented to the BioM&S Symposium
More informationOutline 23: The Ice Ages-Cenozoic Climatic History
Outline 23: The Ice Ages-Cenozoic Climatic History Continental Glacier in Antarctica Valley Glaciers in Alaska, note the moraines Valley Glaciers in Alaska, note the moraines Mendenhall Glacier, Juneau,
More informationTropical Moist Rainforest
Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationWhere is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the tropical zone?
Name CHAPTER 3 Class Date Climate 2 The Tropics SECTION BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: Where is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found
More informationGoing down in the Weddell Sea why deep water formation is of vital importance
Dr. Barbara Donner Research Center Ocean Margins (RCOM), Bremen Going down in the Weddell Sea why deep water formation is of vital importance Outline 1. Modern ocean circulation 2. Motors of ocean circulation
More informationFuture Climate Change
Future Climate Change How do you know whether to trust a prediction about the future? All predictions are based on global circulation models (GCMs, AOGCMs) - model accuracy is verified by its ability to
More informationChapter Nineteen: Changing Earth
Chapter Nineteen: Changing Earth 19.1 Inside Earth 19.2 Plate Tectonics 19.3 Plate Boundaries 19.4 Metamorphic Rocks 19.2 Learning Goals Discuss hypotheses which ultimately led to plate tectonics theory.
More informationClimate Classification Chapter 7
Climate Classification Chapter 7 Climate Systems Earth is extremely diverse No two places exactly the same Similarities between places allow grouping into regions Climates influence ecosystems Why do we
More informationWeather - the physiochemical state of the atmosphere during any short period of time.
Weather - the physiochemical state of the atmosphere during any short period of time. Climate - the average physiochemical state of the atmosphere over the course of the year. Surface Ocean Temperatures
More informationUNIT SIX: Earth s Structure. Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter Nineteen: Changing Earth 19.1 Inside Earth 19.2 Plate Tectonics
More informationThe Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8
The Global Scope of Climate Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate In its most general sense, climate is the average weather of a region, but except where conditions change very little during the course
More informationGEO1010 tirsdag
GEO1010 tirsdag 31.08.2010 Jørn Kristiansen; jornk@met.no I dag: Først litt repetisjon Stråling (kap. 4) Atmosfærens sirkulasjon (kap. 6) Latitudinal Geographic Zones Figure 1.12 jkl TØRR ATMOSFÆRE Temperature
More informationforest tropical jungle swamp marsh prairie savanna pampas Different Ecosystems (rainforest)
Different Ecosystems forest A region of land that is covered with many trees and shrubs. tropical jungle (rainforest) swamp A region with dense trees and a variety of plant life. It has a tropical climate.
More informationATMO 436a. The General Circulation. Redacted version from my NATS lectures because Wallace and Hobbs virtually ignores it
ATMO 436a The General Circulation Redacted version from my NATS lectures because Wallace and Hobbs virtually ignores it Scales of Atmospheric Motion vs. Lifespan The general circulation Atmospheric oscillations
More informationTopic # 12 How Climate Works
Topic # 12 How Climate Works A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes How do we get energy from this........ to drive
More informationOverview. 1 - Previous Eras 2 - Africa's current climate
Marine Science Lesson Enhancements based on Grade 11 & 12 curriculum in Physics, Chemistry & Biology Climate African climate Ocean Explorer Module 6 Copyright 2017 Climate part 2 Page! 1 of! 13 Overview
More informationWhere is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the tropical zone?
Name CHAPTER 17 Class Date SECTION 2 The Tropics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: Where is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the
More informationBiomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water)
Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water) Terrestrial Biomes Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes: Savanna Temperate grassland Chaparral Desert Tundra Chapter
More informationEnergy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate
Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question
More informationPleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks
Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks End of last ice-age rise of human civilization Modern ice-ages begin Asteroid impact end of dinosaurs Cambrian
More informationremain on the trees all year long) Example: Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
Coniferous Forest Temperature: -40 C to 20 C, average summer temperature is 10 C Precipitation: 300 to 900 millimeters of rain per year Vegetation: Coniferous-evergreen trees (trees that produce cones
More informationThe Planetary Circulation System
12 The Planetary Circulation System Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe and account for the global patterns of pressure, wind patterns and ocean currents
More informationIs intelligent life inevitable? Paleobiological perspective from the Neotropical rainforest. Andrés Cárdenas & Carlos Jaramillo
Is intelligent life inevitable? Paleobiological perspective from the Neotropical rainforest Andrés Cárdenas & Carlos Jaramillo Is there life outside Earth? Time (Ma) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500
More informationCHAPTER 52: Ecology. Name: Question Set Define each of the following terms: a. ecology. b. biotic. c. abiotic. d. population. e.
CHAPTER 52: Ecology 1. Define each of the following terms: a. ecology b. biotic c. abiotic d. population e. community f. ecosystem g. biosphere 2. What is dispersal? 3. What are the important factors that
More informationTopic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp in Class Notes
Topic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp 61-67 in Class Notes To drive the circulation, the initial source of energy is from the Sun: Not to scale! EARTH- SUN Relationships 4 Things to Know
More informationEcology. Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biotic environment: CO 2 O 2
Ecology CO 2 O 2 Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biotic environment: Relationships involve interactions with the physical world as well as interrelationships
More informationEarth s Climate Patterns
Earth s Climate Patterns Reading: Chapter 17, GSF 10/2/09 Also Jackson (linked on course web site) 1 What aspects of climate affect plant distributions? Climate: long-term distribution of weather in an
More informationClass Notes: Water and Climate. Ever since the outgassing of water vapor years ago, Earth has been recycling its water supply. Water Cycle -!
Name: Date: Period: Water and Climate The Physical Setting: Earth Science I. The Water Cycle Ever since the outgassing of water vapor years ago, Earth has been recycling its water supply Earth has not
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationThe Tswaing Impact Crater, South Africa: derivation of a long terrestrial rainfall record for the southern mid-latitudes
The Tswaing Impact Crater, South Africa: derivation of a long terrestrial rainfall record for the southern mid-latitudes T.C. PARTRIDGE Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
More information6. What has been the most effective erosive agent in the climate system? a. Water b. Ice c. Wind
Multiple Choice. 1. Heinrich Events a. Show increased abundance of warm-water species of planktic foraminifera b. Show greater intensity since the last deglaciation c. Show increased accumulation of ice-rafted
More informationWind: Global Systems Chapter 10
Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10 General Circulation of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere describes average wind patterns and is useful for understanding climate Over the earth, incoming
More informationMediterranean Climates (Csa, Csb)
Climatic Zones & Types Part II I've lived in good climate, and it bores the hell out of me. I like weather rather than climate. 1 John Steinbeck Mediterranean Climates (Csa, Csb) Main locations Western
More informationGeneral Atmospheric Circulation
General Atmospheric Circulation Take away Concepts and Ideas Global circulation: The mean meridional (N-S) circulation Trade winds and westerlies The Jet Stream Earth s climate zones Monsoonal climate
More informationATOC OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
ATOC 1060-002 OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT Class 22 (Chp 15, Chp 14 Pages 288-290) Objectives of Today s Class Chp 15 Global Warming, Part 1: Recent and Future Climate: Recent climate: The Holocene Climate
More informationWorld Geography Chapter 3
World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse
More informationAtmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Circulation Introductory Oceanography Instructor: Ray Rector Atmospheric Circulation Key Topics Composition and Structure Solar Heating and Convection The Coriolis Effect Global Wind Patterns
More informationChapter 1. Essentials of Geography Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1. Essentials of Geography Learning Objectives Define geography in general and physical geography in particular. Discuss human activities and human population growth as they relate to geographic
More informationBiomes and Climate Relationships
CO 2 Biomes and Climate Relationships Plant Ecology in a Changing World Jim Ehleringer, University of Utah http://plantecology.net Part 1 Global patterns and ordination with temperature and water Biome
More information3 Temperate and Polar Zones
CHAPTER 3 3 Temperate and Polar Zones SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What biomes are found in the temperate zone? What biomes
More informationMarine Ecoregions. Marine Ecoregions. Slide 1. Robert G. Bailey. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station
Slide 1 Marine Ecoregions Robert G. Bailey Marine Ecoregions Robert G. Bailey USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station rgbailey@fs.fed.us Draft of 7/20/2006 8:44 PM Abstract: Oceans occupy some
More information0.5cm Eocene Foram
Eocene Foram 0.5cm Eocene Foram Bubbles in ice 5 µm Tree rings Tree rings Reconstructing past climate Talk outline: A trip through geologic time Take away points: Climate change through time What past
More informationNATS 104 LIFE ON EARTH SPRING, 2002 SECOND 100-pt EXAM.
NATS 104 LIFE ON EARTH SPRING, 2002 SECOND 100-pt EXAM. Section: Name: USE THE BUBBLE SHEET TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. ENTER YOUR NAME ON THE BUBBLE FORM AND FILL THE CIRCLES. (be sure to mark
More informationLinks to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale
Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale http://www.bonnechere.ca/naturalhistory.htm http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/geotime.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/media/1650/the-geologic-time-scale-from-650-million-years-ago-to
More informationESS 111 Climate & Global Change. Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts
ESS 111 Climate & Global Change Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given place and time. For example, right now, the temperature
More informationTopic # 12 Natural Climate Processes
Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes RADIATION / ENERGY BALANCE Radiation
More informationName ECOLOGY TEST #1 Fall, 2014
Name ECOLOGY TEST #1 Fall, 2014 Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. The value of each question is given in parentheses. Devote more explanation to questions of higher point value. 1.
More informationWHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS
WHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS MAP TYPE 2: PHYSICAL AND/OR TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS MAP TYPE 3: POLITICAL MAPS TYPE 4: RESOURCE & TRADE MAPS Descriptions
More informationLesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems
Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems A terrestrial ecosystem is a land ecosystem. Terrestrial ecosystems include tundra, forests, grasslands, deserts, and rainforests. 1 The arctic tundra is earth s coldest
More informationSection 8. North American Biomes. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Section 8 North American Biomes What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Define the major biomes of North America and identify your community s biome. Understand that organisms on land
More informationMajor Domain of the Earth
Major Domain of the Earth The surface of the earth is a complex zone in which three main components of the environment meet, overlap and interact. The solid portion of the earth on which we live is called
More informationBiomes Section 1. Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE
Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE What is a Biome? Biomes are large regions characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. The climate
More informationTopic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS PART II
Topic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS PART II The next chapter in the story: How differences in INSOLATION between low and high latitudes drive atmospheric circulation! pp 64 in Class Notes THE RADIATION BALANCE
More information16 Global Climate. Learning Goals. Summary. After studying this chapter, students should be able to:
16 Global Climate Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. associate the world s six major vegetation biomes to climate (pp. 406 408); 2. describe methods for classifying
More informationComposition of the Atmosphere
Introduction to Oceanography Lecture 15: Wind Atmospheric water vapor map, Sept. 13 Nov. 2, 2017. Data from http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/comp/wv/ Composition of the Atmosphere Dry Air: 78% Nitrogen, 21%
More informationCh. 19 The Neogene World
Ch. 19 The Neogene World Neogene Period includes Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs Beginning of Holocene was approx. 12,000 years ago 12,000 years Cenozoic 1.8 5.3 Neogene 24 Paleogene 65 Holocene
More informationCh. 17 Review. Life in the Cretaceous
Ch. 17 Review Life in the Cretaceous Diversification of diatoms, planktonic forams, calcareous nannoplankton Diversification of mobile predators (especially mollusks and teleost fishes) Origin of the angiosperms
More informationComposition of the Atmosphere
Introduction to Oceanography Lecture 15: Wind Atmospheric water vapor map, Sept. 13 Nov. 2, 2017. Data from http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/comp/wv/ Composition of the Atmosphere Dry Air: 78% Nitrogen, 21%
More informationERS 121 Study Guide for Exam 1. Lecture 1. Ice Age Theory 1. Where did the ice age theory originate?
Lecture 1. Ice Age Theory 1. Where did the ice age theory originate? ERS 121 Study Guide for Exam 1 2. Where did J. P. Perraudin live? What did he suggest? 3. Who was Ignace Venetz? 4. Who was Jean de
More informationSupporting Information Appendix
Supporting Information Appendix Diefendorf, Mueller, Wing, Koch and Freeman Supporting Information Table of Contents Dataset Description... 2 SI Data Analysis... 2 SI Figures... 8 SI PETM Discussion...
More informationOutline 24: The Holocene Record
Outline 24: The Holocene Record Climate Change in the Late Cenozoic New York Harbor in an ice-free world (= Eocene sea level) Kenneth Miller, Rutgers University An Ice-Free World: eastern U.S. shoreline
More informationBell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions
9.12.16 Bell Work REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions Intro to Climate & Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhgyoa70q7y Weather vs. Climate Video Climate & Weather 3.1 Weather
More informationEKOLOGI BIOMA (BIOME) TEMA 10. Program Studi Tadris Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember
EKOLOGI TEMA 10 BIOMA (BIOME) Program Studi Tadris Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember What is difference of this picture????? Why are they different????? Have
More informationLecture 16 - Stable isotopes
Lecture 16 - Stable isotopes 1. The fractionation of different isotopes of oxygen and their measurement in sediment cores has shown scientists that: (a) ice ages are common and lasted for hundreds of millions
More informationPaleoceanography II Telluric Effects on Oceanography
Paleoceanography II Telluric Effects on Oceanography Geological Oceanography OCN 622 Gary McMurtry Telluric Effects Tellus = Earth Distribution of Continents at 100 Ma BP and Present Comparison of Earth
More informationCHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction Chapter Overview The atmosphere and the ocean are one independent system. Earth has seasons because of the tilt on its axis. There are three major wind belts in each hemisphere.
More informationLesson II: How does the general circulation of the atmosphere describe earth s climate zones?
Lesson II: How does the general circulation of the atmosphere describe earth s climate zones? Overview: What causes the general circulation of the atmosphere? How does the general circulation of the atmosphere
More informationLesson Overview. Climate. Lesson Overview. 4.1 Climate
Lesson Overview 4.1 THINK ABOUT IT When you think about climate, you might think of dramatic headlines: Hurricane Katrina floods New Orleans! or Drought parches the Southeast! But big storms and seasonal
More informationCH. 3: Climate and Vegetation
CH. 3: Climate and Vegetation GROUP WORK RUBRIC Score of 50 (5): Superior - 100% A 5 is superior work, and has completed all requirements of the assignments, it is in order and its presentation is almost
More informationA High Latitude Convective Cloud Feedback and Equable Climates
A High Latitude Convective Cloud Feedback and Equable Climates Dorian S. Abbot, Eli Tziperman Recent SPCAM updates: with David Randall, Mark Branson Hadrosaurus Cretaceous [Karen Carr] [Abbot, Tziperman
More informationOXYGEN ISOTOPE AND PALEOBOTANICAL ESTIMATES OF TEMPERATURE AND 18 O LATITUDE GRADIENTS OVER NORTH AMERICA DURING THE EARLY EOCENE
[American Journal of Science, Vol. 304, September, 2004, P.612 635] OXYGEN ISOTOPE AND PALEOBOTANICAL ESTIMATES OF TEMPERATURE AND 18 O LATITUDE GRADIENTS OVER NORTH AMERICA DURING THE EARLY EOCENE HENRY
More informationSearching for the Terrestrial Paleocene/Eocene Boundary at the Canadian High Arctic: A Carbon Isotope Study
Searching for the Terrestrial Paleocene/Eocene Boundary at the Canadian High Arctic: A The Honors Program Senior Capstone Project Monica Kraus Faculty Advisors: Hong Yang, Brian Blais Collaborators: Ben
More informationSeasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide
Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide Seasons 1. Know what is responsible for the change in seasons on Earth. 2. Be able to determine seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres given the position
More informationTOPIC #12. Wrap Up on GLOBAL CLIMATE PATTERNS
TOPIC #12 Wrap Up on GLOBAL CLIMATE PATTERNS POLE EQUATOR POLE Now lets look at a Pole to Pole Transect review ENERGY BALANCE & CLIMATE REGIONS (wrap up) Tropics Subtropics Subtropics Polar Extratropics
More information1. The and the act as one interdependent system. 2. Why do we have to study both to understand the relationship?
Ch. 6 Questions Air Sea Interaction (pg. 162) 1. The and the act as one interdependent system. 2. Why do we have to study both to understand the relationship? 3. energy heats up the of the Earth and creates,
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The
More informationName Date. What s the weather like today? Watch the beginning of the video Basics of geography- climate.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CLIMATE worksheet 1 STARTER Look at the weather symbols and answer: What s the weather like today? WHAT S CLIMATE? Watch the beginning of the video Basics of geography- climate.
More informationKeys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate
Climate Global Climates Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate Keys to Climate Climate the average
More informationMatch (one-to-one) the following (1 5) from the list (A E) below.
GEO 302C EXAM 1 Spring 2009 Name UID You may not refer to any other materials during the exam. For each question (except otherwise explicitly stated), select the best answer for that question. Read all
More information