Globalisation, Development, and the Americas Module # 7YYB0014 (Level 7, 20 credits)

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1 Globalisation, Development, and the Americas Module # 7YYB0014 (Level 7, 20 credits) Tutor: Jeff Garmany Office: Chesham 3-B Tel.: ; jeffrey.garmany@kcl.ac.uk Office hours: Mon. 17:00-18:00; Thur. 17:00-18:00 (or by appointment) Class meetings: Monday 14:00-16:00, East Wing C.16 Tutorials: Mondays 16:00-17:00 (some weeks), East Wing C.16 Introduction Since at least the fifteenth century, economies in the Americas have been linked to global networks and international systems of trade. With shared backgrounds of colonisation and troubling histories of indigenous and African slave labour, the countries of North, Central, and South America present a unique context within which to investigate globalisation and socio-economic development. More precisely, globalisation and development are not topics than can (or should) be considered in geographic isolation, and to better understand both historical and contemporary processes that link and distinguish countries in the Americas, this module places a regional focus on political economy and global development. The state and processes of governance are crucial to these debates, and as such, this module engages critical social theory from several angles. Among several topics to be explored include: the foundations of political economic and postdevelopment theory; critical perspectives of globalisation and culture/identity; environmental issues and natural resource use; urbanisation and public security; feminist and poststructural critiques; historical context and neoliberal change; current development initiatives and the role of the state. Educational Aims of the Course This module seeks to provide a critical overview of economic development in the Western Hemisphere, and to engage critical viewpoints concerning uneven development, spatial connectivities, and patterns of globalisation. By grounding theoretical arguments and multidisciplinary perspectives within site-specific, country-based contexts, we will untangle the processes by which economic globalisation and development links and distances people, places, and events. Learning Outcomes of the Course Students will be introduced to a variety of sources in this module regarding economic development and globalization in the Western Hemisphere. Through critical readings, discussions, and writing assignments concerning development in North and South America, post-development and post-colonial scholarly critiques, case studies ranging from agricultural reform to urbanization, and emergent research on neoliberal development 1

2 initiatives and urban security, this course will highlight the multifaceted and (often) uneven processes that characterise development and globalisation. More specifically, students will learn how to approach the topic of globalisation from multiple angles, and by grounding theoretical ideas in contemporary Western Hemispheric contexts, they should be able to critically read and respond to a broad range of globalisation and development literatures when they finish this module. Teaching Arrangements Teaching will consist of one weekly two-hour seminar held over a single semester with occasional one-hour tutorials. The seminar will take place from 14:00 to 16:00 on Mondays in S2.29. In most cases the seminar will involve a short presentation by the tutor, followed by a variety of interactive formats in the second hour. These will include student presentations, debates, and diagraming exercises. On some weeks, there may be tutorials from 16:00-17:00 in the same room. Assessment Assessment will consist of: 1) 1 essay (1,500 words) is due in Week 7 on 2 November by 17:00 (submitted via KEATS and in two hard copies to the Brazil Institute Office, Chesham 8C). The essay is weighted at 25% of the module mark and the passmark is 50. Students may answer any ONE of the following questions: A) In week 3 we considered Peet and Hartwick (2009) and discussed several different theories of development and globalisation. For this question, pick one of the theories described by Peet and Hartwick and apply it to a contemporary issue related to globalisation in the Americas (i.e., a case study topic). Your task is to use the theory as a lens/framework for reflecting upon and unpacking your case study topic, and your goal is to analyse and provide insight into both the theory as well as your case study. Though not required, you may likely find it useful to consult the original source discussed by Peet and Hartwick, as well as other researchers who have drawn upon the same theoretical perspective. B) In week 4 we considered historical processes and interpretations of political economic development in the Americas. For this question, you need to use the readings from week 4 (the required ones and/or the suggested ones) to analyse a contemporary issue of your choice related to globalisation in the Americas. Your assignment is to draw on the historical context described by the authors in week 4 to make sense of (i.e., explain) the contemporary issue you have chosen. It is of course possible that your analysis will challenge/critique the historical interpretations of the authors from week 4: that is absolutely fine. A strong essay is one that shows a good understanding of the readings and keen analysis with respect to the contemporary issue you select. 2

3 C) All of the authors in week 5 offer strong critiques of existing bodies of research. For this essay, you need to: 1) agree with one of these authors and support their arguments by offering further analysis drawn from globalisation/development processes in the Americas, OR; 2) critique one of these authors and support your arguments by reflecting upon globalisation/development processes in the Americas. It is ok to cite additional sources not listed in the class readings, but your essay should focus primarily on readings from class and emphasise your own, original analysis. 2) 1 essay (4,000 words) due on 11 January at 17:00 (submitted via KEATS and two hard copies to the Brazil Institute Office, Chesham 8C), weighted 75% of the module mark. The pass mark for this essay is 50. Students may answer any ONE of the following questions: A) The readings for weeks 7, 8, and 9 offer different critical perspectives for processes of globalisation and development. For this question, pick one of these theoretical perspectives i.e., either week 7 (political ecology); week 8 (postdevelopment); or week 9 (feminist) and use those readings to provide a critical analysis of an issue of your choice related to globalisation/development in the Americas (i.e., a case study). Your task is to use the theoretical perspective you choose as a lens/framework for reflecting upon and unpacking your case study, and your goal is to analyse and provide insight into both the theory as well as your case study. Your analysis may likely critique some of the authors you cite: that is absolutely fine. Again, a strong essay is one that shows a good understanding of the readings and keen analysis with respect to your case study. (Note: your case study topic can be contemporary or historical.) B) This essay requires you to write a literature review of the class readings. Your essay should NOT simply be an annotated bibliography: you need to construct an essay that highlights the major themes connecting the readings, shows your understanding and insights, and puts the authors in conversation around topics of globalisation and development in the Americas. Not ALL of the class readings need to be cited in your essay: in fact some of them should not be like Peet and Hartwick (2009) since they are ostensibly literature reviews in the first place. A majority of the readings, however, should be included, and your essay should evidence your knowledge and understanding of the readings and class discussions. Students who chose to answer this question are strongly encouraged to meet with the tutor to discuss their essay. C) Perhaps you are unsatisfied with nearly every analytical perspective covered in this module. No problem; present a different analytical perspective, citing several sources, and explain why you feel it offers more theoretical traction for understanding processes of globalisation/development in the Americas than the class readings. Your essay will of course cite sources not listed in the syllabus, but it should also make frequent reference to the class readings in order to critique them and show your understanding and familiarity with these concepts (i.e., you need to show you have indeed read the class readings and that you understand them). To help contextualise your analysis/critique, ground it in a case study topic of your choice related to globalisation/development in 3

4 the Americas. (Note: your case study topic can be contemporary or historical.) Attendance policy Attendance at all class meetings is mandatory, and, in accordance with college regulation, students may be removed from the program if they do not attend regularly. Attendance at sessions whether seminars, tutorials, or screenings is monitored. Unavoidable absence must always be explained to the member of staff concerned, preferably in advance. Of course, you may at times be unwell or otherwise unable to meet a particular deadline for good reason. You must inform the course tutor at once in all such cases. If you are absent through illness for more than a week you must provide a medical certificate as soon as you return. If you fail to attend three sessions or more sessions in any course without valid excuse, you will be contacted and your absence investigated. Course materials Most readings will be made available on KEATS (e.g., single chapters and articles not available through the King s library). Supplemental articles can often be found through the Ejournals link in the Library Catalogue (online). Books for which we will read more than two chapters can easily be found for sale online or at the King s library. Those books include the following: Peet, R. and Hartwick, E. (2009) Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives (2 nd Ed.). Guilford Press, New York. Course Structure and Reading Lists Week 1: Introduction Introduce the course, discuss the topics and readings to be covered, outline course policies and expectations, and begin to explore the basics of economic development, the state, international networks, and globalisation in the Americas. Week 2: Considering globalisation, development, identity, and the state Introducing globalisation, the state, critical development scholarship, and questions of identity and authenticity in the contemporary world. Cupples, J. (2013) The politics of indigeneity. In Latin American Development, Routledge, London: pp

5 Evans, P. (2007) Counterhegemonic globalization: transnational social movements in the contemporary global political economy. In Timmons Roberts, J. and Hite, A. B. (Eds.) The Globalization and Development Reader. Blackwell, New York: pp Hall, S. (2007) The local and the global: Globalization and ethnicity, in King, A.D. Culture, Globalization and the World-System: Contemporary Conditions for the Representation of Identity. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis: pp Sharma, A. and Gupta, A. (2006) Introduction: Rethinking theories of the state in an age of globalization. In Sharma, A. and Gupta, A. (Eds.) The Anthropology of the State. Blackwell, Oxford: pp Appadurai, A. (2001) Grassroots globalization and the research imagination, in Appadurai, A. (Ed.) Globalization. Duke University Press, Durham: pp Gwynne, R.N. and Kay, C. (2004) Latin America transformed: globalization and neoliberalism, in Gwynne, R.N. and Kay, C. (Eds.) Latin America Transformed: Globalization and Modernity. Oxford University Press, Oxford: pp Jameson, F. and Miyoshi, M. (Eds.) (1999) The Cultures of Globalization. Duke University Press, Durham. Pieterse, J.N. (2012) Periodizing globalization: Histories of globalization. New Global Studies 6(2): art. 1. Week 3: Background 1 Critical theories of global development Examining critical perspectives of global development and modern capitalism. Peet, R. and Hartwick, E. (2009) Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives (2 nd Ed.). Guilford Press, New York: pp. 1-19; Lechener, F. and Boli, J. (Eds.) (2008) The Globalization Reader. Blackwell, Oxford. Timmons Roberts, J. and Hite, A. B. (Eds.) (2007) The Globalization and Development Reader. Blackwell, New York. Week 4: Background 2 Historical processes of development in the Americas 5

6 Historical (and contemporary) international development processes. Cardoso, F. H. (2007 [1972]) Dependency and development in Latin America. In Timmons Roberts, J. and Hite, A. B. (Eds.) The Globalization and Development Reader. Blackwell, New York: pp Weaver, F.S. (2000) Latin America in the World Economy: Mercantile Colonialism to Global Capitalism. Westview Press, Boulder: pp ; Fourcade-Gourinchas, M. and Babb, S.C. (2002) The rebirth of the liberal creed: Paths to neoliberalism in four countries. American Journal of Sociology 108(3): Harvey, D. (2007) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Hoffman, K. and Centeno, M.A. (2003) The lopsided continent: Inequality in Latin America. The Annual Review of Sociology 29: Ocampo, J.A. and Martin, J. (Eds.) (2003) Globalization and Development: A Latin American and Caribbean Perspective. Stanford University Press, Stanford. Saad-Filho, A. (2010) Neoliberalism, democracy, and development policy in Brazil. Development and Society 39(1): Week 5: Urbanisation and global development The changing roles of urban centres in globalisation: a case study from northeast Brazil. Duhau, E. (2014) The informal city: an enduring slum or a progressive habitat? In Fischer, B., McCann, B., and Auyero, J. (Eds.) Cities from Scratch: Poverty and Informality in Urban Latin America. Duke University Press, Durham: pp Parnell, S. and Robinson, J. (2012) (Re)theorizing cities from the Global South: looking beyond neoliberalism. Urban Geography 33(4): Roy, A. (2009) The 21 st -century metropolis: new geographies of theory. Regional Studies 43(6): Wilson, D. and Keil, R. (2008) Commentary: the real creative class. Social and Cultural Geography 9(8):

7 Caldeira T. (2001) City of Walls. Crime, Segregation and Citizenship in São Paulo. University of California Press, Berkeley. Holston, J. (2008) Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Robinson, J. (2006) Ordinary Cities: Between Modernity and Development. Routledge, London. Sassen, S. (2014) Expulsions: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA. Smith, N. (2002) New globalism, new urbanism: gentrification as global urban strategy. Antipode 34(3): Week 6: (Reading week no class) - Meet with the instructor (not required, but recommended) - Collect sources for essays 1 and 2 (ditto) Week 7: The environment, globalisation, and international development (ESSAY #1 DUE) Considering the effects of globalisation and development on the environment. Harvey, D. (1999) What s green and makes the environment go round? In Jameson, F. and Miyoshi, M. (Eds.) The Cultures of Globalization. Duke University Press, Durham: pp Hecht, S.B., Invisible forests, in Peet, D. and Watts, M. (Eds.), Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, and Social Movements. Routledge, London: pp Hochstetler, K. and Viola, E. (2012) Brazil and the politics of climate change: Beyond the global commons. Environmental Politics 21(5): pp Oliver-Smith, A. (2004) Theorizing vulnerability in a globalized world: a political ecological perspective. In Bankoff, G., Frerks, G., and Hilhorst, D. (Eds.) Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development, and People. Earthscan, London: pp

8 Abakerli, S. (2001) A critique of development and conservation policies in environmentally sensitive regions in Brazil. Geoforum 32(4): Hochstetler, K. and Keck, M.E. (2007) Greening Brazil: Environmental Activism in State and Society. Duke University Press, Durham. Martinez-Alier, J. (1999) Environmental justice (local and global). In Jameson, F. and Miyoshi, M. (Eds.) The Cultures of Globalization. Duke University Press, Durham: pp McAllister, L. (2008) Making Law Matter: Environmental Protection and Legal Institutions in Brazil. Stanford University Press, Stanford. Redclift, M., and Goodman, D. (1991) Environment and Development in Latin America: The Politics of Sustainability. Manchester University Press, Manchester. Smith, N. (2008) Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space. University of Georgia Press, Athens. Week 8: Post-development critiques Unpacking post-development and what it means for globalisation debates. Escobar, A. (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton University Press, Princeton: pp Ferguson, J. (2006) The anti-politics machine. In Sharma, A. and Gupta, A. (Eds.) The Anthropology of the State. Blackwell, Oxford: pp Zimmerer, K.S., Environmental discourses on soil degradation in Bolivia, in Peet, D. and Watts, M. (Eds.), Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, and Social Movements. Routledge, London: pp Estevea, G. and Prakash, M. S. (1998) Grassroots Post-Modernism: Remaking the Soil of Cultures. Zed Books, London. Mitchell, T. (2002) Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-politics, Modernity. University of California Press, Berkeley. 8

9 Scott, J. (1998) Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed. Yale University Press, New Haven. Wainwright, J. (2008) Decolonizing Development: Colonial Power and the Maya. Blackwell, Oxford. Week 9: Feminist critiques Unpacking feminist critiques of globalisation and development. Gibson-Graham, J.K. (2006) A Postcapitalist Politics. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis: pp Peet, R. and Hartwick, E. (2009) Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives (2 nd Ed.). Guilford Press, New York: pp Wright, M. (2011) Necropolitics, narcopolitics, and femicide: gendered violence on the Mexico-U.S. border. Signs 36(3): Anzaldúa, G. (1987) Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. Aunt Lute Books, San Francisco. Castillo, R.A.H. (2014) The emergence of indigenous feminism in Latin America. Signs 40(1). Gibson-Graham, J.K. (1996) The End of Capitalism (as we knew it). University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Wright, M. (2006) Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism. Routledge, London. Week 10: Globalisation and development case study 1 considering Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) in Latin America Critical perspectives on CCTs in Latin America. Corboz, J. (2013) Third-way neoliberalism and conditional cash transfers: the paradoxes of empowerment, participation and self-help among poor Uruguayan women. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 24(1),

10 Ferguson, J. (2010) The uses of neoliberalism. Antipode 41(s1), Garmany, J. (2015) Neoliberalism, governance, and the geographies of conditional cash transfers. Political Geography (forthcoming). Meltzer, J. (2013). Good citizenship and the promotion of personal savings accounts in Peru. Citizenship Studies 17(5), Pereira, A. (2015) Brazil s Bolsa Família and citizenship in unequal societies. Third World Quarterly 36(9), forthcoming. Ballard, R. (2013). Geographies of development II. Cash transfers and the reinvention of development for the poor. Progress in Human Geography, 37(6), Hickey, S. (2010). The government of chronic poverty: from exclusion to citizenship? Journal of Development Studies, 46(7), Lavinas, L. (2013). 21 st Century Welfare. New Left Review, 84, Nov.-Dec., Molyneux, M., & Thomson, M. (2011). Cash transfers, gender equity and women s empowerment in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. Gender and Development, 19(2), Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2015). Fast Policy: Experimental Statecraft at the Thresholds of Neoliberalism. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Saad-Filho, A. (2015). Social policy for mature neoliberalism: the Bolsa Familia Programme in Brazil. Manuscript submitted for publication. Roy, A. (2010) Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development. Routledge, London. Week 11: Globalisation and development case study 2 security and development in Rio de Janeiro Considering urban public security and contemporary processes of globalisation. Abrahamsen, R. and Williams, M. (2007) Securing the city: Private security companies and non-state authority in global governance. International Relations 21(2):

11 Duffield, M. (2007 [2001]) The new development-security terrain. In Timmons Roberts, J. and Hite, A. B. (Eds.) The Globalization and Development Reader. Blackwell, New York: pp Davis, D. (2012) Zero-tolerance policing, stealth real estate development, and the transformation of public space: evidence from Mexico City. Latin American Perspecitives 40(2): Arias, E. D. (2006) Drugs and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro: Trafficking, Social Networks, and Public Security. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. Arias, E.D. and Goldstein, D.M. (Eds.) (2010) Violent Democracies in Latin America. Duke University Press, Durham. Caldeira T. (2001) City of Walls. Crime, Segregation and Citizenship in São Paulo. University of California Press, Berkeley. Denyer Willis, G. (2015) The Killing Consensus: Police, Organized Crime and the Regulation of Life and Death in Urban Brazil. Berkeley University Press, Berkeley. Garmany, J. (2014) Space for the state? Police, violence, and urban poverty in Brazil. The Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104(6): Pereira, A. (2008) Public security, private interests and police reform in Brazil. In Kingstone, P. and Power, T. (Eds) Democratic Brazil Revisted. Pittsburgh University Press, Pittsburgh: pp ESSAY #2 DUE 11 JANUARY BY 17:00 (submitted via KEATS and two hard copies to the Brazil Institute Office, Chesham 8C) 11

Political Ecology, Environment, and Brazil Module # 7YYB0006 (Level 7, 20 credits)

Political Ecology, Environment, and Brazil Module # 7YYB0006 (Level 7, 20 credits) Tutor: Jeff Garmany Office: Chesham 3-B Tel.: 7848 2751; email: jeffrey.garmany@kcl.ac.uk Office hours: Mon. 17:00-18:00;