David Tenenbaum GEOG 070 UNC-CH Spring 2005

Transcription

1 GEOG 070 Introduction to Geographic Information

2 GEOG 070 Introduction to Geographic Information Course Description: There is a spatial component to all that occurs on our planet. Everything happens somewhere and knowing where things happen and how they are related to each other are important to fully understanding phenomena. This course provides a general survey of geographic data, including maps, photos, images, census data, etc. Emphasis is placed upon geographic information stored in a variety of digital formats and data structures.

3 GEOG 070 Introduction to Geographic Information Topics that will be covered include: Geographic data structures The global positioning system (GPS) Coordinate systems & map projections Remote sensing Analysis of geographic data (including spatial analysis) Map production and design

4 GEOG 070 Introduction to Geographic Information Students will be provided with hands-on experience, working with the ArcView desktop geographic information system (GIS), and by navigating and collecting data using GPS in the field. The goals are to help students: 1. Establish a geographic perspective of social and physical phenomena in the real world 2. Understand the key issues in dealing with geographic data 3. Learn how to use geographic data in a GIS

5 Course Introduction Where and When Lectures: Peabody Hall Room 218 Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 10:00 AM Recitations: Hanes Hall - Room 02 Wednesday at 2:00 PM and 3:00 PM Thursday at 2:00 PM

6 Course s Focus Is On Where On the previous slide, I specified where using the names of buildings and room numbers Geographers often approach the concept of where using another representation of location a map: Where #1

7 But Where By Itself is Not So Useful Where #1 Peabody 218 When Monday, Wednesday, & Friday at 10 AM What GEOG 070 Lectures Who Students enrolled in the course (you) Who else The instructor teaching the course (me) Name David Tenenbaum Degrees Hon. B.Sc. & M.Sc. (Univ. of Toronto), Ph.D. (UNC-Chapel Hill) Research Multi-scale Analysis of Moisture Patterns in Urbanizing Landscapes

8 Goal and Key Questions The overall goal of my dissertation is to investigate how soil moisture patterns and dynamics are functions of the characteristics of urbanizing landscapes. Key questions to be addressed are: 1. What is the relationship between near surface soil moisture and topographic moisture index in urbanizing catchments? 2. In the same catchments, what relationships can be established between LULC configuration and landscape terrain statistics? 3. What relationships can be established between surface moisture conditions and patterns of natural and anthropogenic moisture forcings?

9 Fine Scale Topographic Effects on Near Surface Soil Moisture Patterns The urbanizing landscape s greater heterogeneity impacts land cover and modifies flowpaths: Soil moisture is a key, observable hydrologic store that can be used to characterize the spatial distribution of changes in patterns and processes

10 Study Catchments in Suburban Maryland

11 Soil Moisture Sampling Method 25 samples taken using a random walk within a 5 meter circle ThetaProbe Soil Moisture Sensor - measures the impedance of the sensing rod array, a f(x) of the soil s moisture content 5 meter diameter

12 Pond Branch Catchment Control Color Infrared Digital Orthophotography

13 Glyndon Catchment Urbanizing Color Infrared Digital Orthophotography

14 Pond Branch Catchment Control Topographic Index Example

15 Comparing Soil Moisture and TMI Sites Theta TMI Compare Vol. Soil Moisture (V/V) Pond Branch - 6/26/02 - Average TMI

16 Transect Sampling for Land-Use/Land Cover Characterization Development in the urbanizing landscape clearly modifies the flow of water through the presence of infrastructure that affects drainage patterns Where do specific types of land covers and materials at the fine scale tend to be located in urbanizing catchments? Land use / land cover characterization can be obtained by transect sampling of digital orthophotography in conjunction with highresolution DEMs

17 Transects & Segments

18 ArcView Transect Characterization System

19 Glyndon Sampling Kilometers N Glyndon Sample 1 Glyndon Sample 2 Glyndon Sample 3 W E S 3 Samples, 100 meters/ha, 100 meter long transects

20 Upper Baismans Run Sampling Kilometers W N E Upper Baismans Run Sample 1 Upper Baismans Run Sample 2 Upper Baismans Run Sample 3 S 3 Samples, 100 meters/ha, 100 meter long transects

21 Primary Class Proportions Class Glyndon Percentage of Total Length Upper Baismans Run Primary Class Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Total Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Total Woody Herbaceous Water Ground Pavement Road Structure

22 100 Glyndon Primary Class Distance from Stream Distributions Upper Baismans Run Percent of all cells in class Percent of all cells in class Distance to stream along D8 flow paths (m eters) Woody Herbaceous Pavement and Road Structures Ground Distance to stream along D8 flow paths (m eters) Woody Herbaceous Pavement and Road Structures Ground

23 Scaling Up the Land Cover-Surface Moisture Relationship TMI in Glyndon Surface moisture in Maryland CD6 While developing these relationships at the small catchment scale is important, ultimately we want to know something about them at the scale of regional metropolitan areas How do we assess the surface moisture condition at this scale? Remote sensing!

24 Study Climate Divisions

25 MODIS LULC In Climate Divisions Maryland CD6 North Carolina CD3

26 Generating TVDI Values VI-T s T s VI TVDI

27 Modeling TVDI TVDI API LULC REG

28 Course s Focus Is On Where On the previous slide, I specified where using the names of buildings and room numbers Geographers often approach the concept of where using another representation of location a map: Where #1 Where #2

29 Recitation/Lab Information Where #2 Hanes 02 When 3 Sections Wednesday at 2 PM Wednesday at 3 PM Thursday at 2 PM Who Enrolled students ISSUE: Number of Students per recitation! Who else TAs: Jonnell Allen & Ling Zhang Jonnell & Ling are Geography graduate students

30 Required Textbook Geographic Information Systems and Science by Paul A. Longley Michael F. Goodchild David J. Maguire David W. Rhind Full color softcover - $55.00 at Student Stores A great reference, very comprehensive treatment

31 Recommended Textbook Global Positioning System A Field Guide for the Social Sciences by John Spencer Brian G. Frizzelle Philip H. Page John B. Vogler Also a softcover - $31.95 at Student Stores Authors are at UNC - CPC

32 Grading 7 Labs, one due every two weeks, altogether worth 40% of your grade 10% of the value of a lab is deducted for each day late that a lab write-up is submitted 2 tests during the term, each worth 15%, together worth 30% of your grade Tests may not be missed without a legitimate, documented reason, in which case, the value of remaining tests and exams will be adjusted accordingly; otherwise, a grade of 0 will be recorded The final exam is worth 30% of your grade The usual Honor Code provisions apply (i.e. if you cheat, plagiarize, et cetera you will be subject to sanctions)

33 Instructor Contact Information David Tenenbaum Room 325 Saunders Hall Office Hours Monday 1:00 3:00 PM Tuesday 3:30 5:00 PM