Inter-cultural Learning in European Primary Schools: Some Theoretical Perspectives. John Halocha Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln.

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1 Inter-cultural Learning in European Primary Schools: Some Theoretical Perspectives. John Halocha Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln.

2 Background European projects in the 1990s: Oxfordshire schools linked with Italy, Spain and Greece. HERODOT involvement Socrates programme: The Implementation of a European Dimension by Peer Learning in Primary Schools A need to review recent theoretical perspectives in 21 st century. Review to support colleagues.

3 Sociological analysis Young (1998) Engage/re-engage pupils in learning through changing the nature of the curriculum. The possibilities of change National curricula seen as a process rather than a product.

4 Sociological analysis Morgan (2004) The curriculum within the context of cultural politics. Post-modernist approach to the construction and production of knowledge. The creation of local and situated knowledge. Knowledge is fluid requiring constant reevaluation.

5 Sociological analysis Szczesna & Wojtanowicz (2005) Development of emotional relationships and a sense of identity through primary geography. Relationship with place. Little homeland as a reference point. Roberts (2005) Geography education ignores children.

6 Citizenship in context Kociemba & Banzo (2005) Pupil s concepts of citizenship controlled by teachers. Fisher (2004) Communities of enquiry. Dewey (1909, 1933) Reflective thinking.

7 Spatial understanding and Representation Spencer & Blades (2006) 8 year olds knowledge of other countries. Wiegand (1995) Social group influences on pupil s knowledge beyond Britain. Axia et al (1998) Levels of world knowledge in southern and northern Italy. Spencer & Blades (2006) Likes and knowledge of countries not related.

8 Spatial understanding and Representation Schmeinck (2005) Variation on pupil s perceptions of countries. Ross (2000) Geography encourages children to develop boundaries between them and us. Schmeinck (2006) Qualitative categories to analyse perceptions of the world. Storey (2004) Use and understanding of nested hierachies.

9 Spatial understanding and Representation Wiegand (2006) Representation of Europe in maps. Castner (1987) The influence of maps and atlases on visualising complexity and developing generalisations. Kelly (2006) Geographies should be celebrated as emerging geographic reasoning.

Children s Worlds Muir (2002) Objective and

sense if identity within a national context.

10 Children s Worlds Muir (2002) Objective and subjective processes in geography. Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1979) The effect of emotions, perceptions and individual identity on a person s sense if identity within a national context. Azevedo (2004) Emergent meanings of cultural landscapes. Biographies of landscapes.

11 Children s Worlds Catling (2006) 10 geographical worlds. Brooks (2004) YoungNet Project ways in which 8-14 year olds selected and presented their localities to other European children.

Beneker, Paul & van der Vaart (2005) University geography students.

12 Practical Considerations Vodopija (2002) Variation in communication competences in everyday life and education. Beneker, Paul & van der Vaart (2005) University geography students. European average style v cultural diversity. Mentz (2005) Conquest by language across Europe. Celebration of diversity.

13 Conclusion Moving on pedagogically from projects of the 1990s what is innovative in the 21 st century? Towards a shared understanding of peer learning between members of the project. Keeping a focus on the children rather than the project.

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