attributes. The outputs can be functionally overlapped with internet graphics of Google Earth. The system provides a practical reference to browse, se

Transcription

1 Establishing a Web-based Information System for Delineating Taiwan Rural Communities Boundary Yueh-Chih Chabg Graduate student in Ph.D. Program, Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan nichlas5190@hotmail.com Chen-Fa Wu Associate Professor Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Chun-Wei Tsou Graduate student in Ph.D. Program, Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Yi-Siou Lin Research Assistant, Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Sheng-Jung Ou Professor, Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University. Corresponding Author, Taiwan ABSTRACT This paper discusses the current state of rural regeneration plan in Taiwan. It is known that rural community database is necessary and acts as the basis for delineating rural communities range in practice no matter whether it is top-down or bottom-up operation. The purpose of this research is to establish an information system for delineating rural communities boundary that can be viewed as the basis for community planning. This system is built upon internet database and uses ASP as the major developing language. This research is based on the boundary designated simulation from 18 highlighted regions of rural regeneration by Council of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. We compare agreement of boundary, Based on the cognition of community s residents, between the simulation and the actual field investigation. Research results show that the overall delineation accuracy is above 80%. In addition, our system generates statistical analysis and graphics of community ISS 185

2 attributes. The outputs can be functionally overlapped with internet graphics of Google Earth. The system provides a practical reference to browse, search, and share data for rural regeneration planning. Keyword: Rural Communities Boundary Delineation, Internet Database, GIS, INTRODUCTION Taiwan s countryside has diversity and uniqueness, where the landscape, architectural styles, heritage and historical sites not only possess historical value, but also play a role in village life. However, over the past half century the village communities in Taiwan have been influenced by industrialization, and the village structure has been gradually transformed. The means of agricultural production, rural living space, and rural eco-environment have been impacted. To meet the various requirements of villagers and communities for villages in the ceaseless change, the government intended to increase the rural competitiveness and shorten the gap between urban and rural areas. This made the rejuvenation and development of village communities become a issue of great urgency in recent years. The Rural Rejuvenation Act was formally adopted on July 14, 2010, and took effect on August 4, 2010 after the presidential proclamation. Thus, according to the law the government began to push forward rural development in order and practically take care of more than 600 thousand farmers and fishermen living in over 4,000 agricultural and fishing villages. This showed that the rural development would be accelerated. However, like other rural development plans, including The Structure Plan of Rural Landscape Management (completed in September, 2010), The Elementary Planning of Rural Rejuvenation (started in July, 2008), and Manpower Training Plan of Rural Rejuvenation, the current plan also faces the problems such as the delimitation of each rural community and the construction of information update. Therefore, in the light of the fact that it is difficult to access relevant information, because most data collected in the process of promoting rural rejuvenation mentioned above was stored in various agencies and other joint develop organizations, for this research we first found out the related information and basic maps that the rural rejuvenation planners needed for planning and designing. Second, we carried out the study on information system construction on the basis of the Internet to meet the demand for books and maps about rejuvenation plans. Third, based on relational data base management system and geographic information system, we put the information system into Internet environment using the information servo technique, making it a practical system in which data is shared and updated immediately and a reference ISS 186

3 source used by planners to delimitate boundaries and discuss with members of communities. Literature Review Location theory and central place theory The spatial pattern as described by von Thünen is considered an optimal solution to maximize society's well-being in a hypothetical environment. Specifically, the main changing factors are the distance between transport costs and the nature of the goods. For example, if a society is built on a great plain that only has one central city; the distance formed the proximity differences, which translate to the costs difference. In essence, a large amount of perishable crops shall be cultivated nearby in order to reduce transportation costs. Whereas the more distance urban areas can harvest crops that requires far less freight. Therefore, this renders a ring of lands used in an agricultural status. In addition, the German scholar Walter Christaller ( ) proposed central place theory to support von Thünen s agricultural production location theory "urban industrial and commercial facilities, location and school". Where the circle pattern is a template out of the center of the development system by transport costs and internal economic interaction together determine a central facility can reach a range of theoretical models. (see Figure 1 below). Figure 1 Sample of Thünen circle and Central Place Theory. The basic concept of the two theories are based on a central point as a starting point, the area around the central region to meet the production needs and reach each other to form a complete system. The same concept will be applied to the study of rural communities, the concept of spatial location designated from actual observation Taiwan's rural communities are rural housing as the main focal point through outside residential space, backyard, roads, parks, temples other living space, and the surrounding area of the main production space, including rice, fruit, tea and other cash crops. Summary, in rural communities designated spatial location of the center is to ISS 187

4 confirm through community and define the spatial location of rural communities and Distribution. (see Figure 2 below). Figure 2 Sample of Christaller's central place theory and scope of distribution diagram Rural definitions Many scholars have had their definition of rural ; Lin Yuan Huang (1982) defined rural as "one with agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry settlement units, and includes those fields around its surroundings; also index rural unit, consisting of a combined field of space by those who built the production environment. " Jane Chun Fat (1986) defines rural as "do not belong to a metropolitan area, most of the residents engaged in agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry and other production activities, low residential density than the city, but by a vast garden and living environment posed by space termed category. " Lin Meng Qing (2001) argued that generally refers to the countryside, "should contain non-urban area towns, villages, fishing, etc., and in order to avoid too broad, should be engaged in agricultural villages where people live, rather than non-urban land urban areas and towns. Then follow the agricultural and urban geography of the concept of the present study defines rural as "located in rural areas, unlike the urban community style, and has a certain population and low density buildings, residents have common sense and mostly engaged in agricultural production activities of life and production region. " Distribution area includes urban planning area, specialized areas, industrial areas, national parks outside the area. In conclusion, in order to further define the different domestic land use of space functionality is described with the building of the rural-oriented patterns. This research collects the related data of the determination of rural settlements along with studies that indicated the majority of households define as 'rural' are planned in order to develop these so-called "rural" areas. During the 1990s, the United States Government defined over 2,500 settlements as rural households, while Spain designated just under 2,000 households, New Zealand is less than 1,000 households (Xiehong Chang, 2003). However deliberate existing village areas, the definition of settlements and villages are ISS 188

5 summarized living area, human settlements pitch size and number of households with the relevant quantitative values supplemented by defining that China's rural communities fit operation is defined as "in rural areas, unlike the style and culture of urban communities, residents have common sense and mostly engaged in agricultural production activities and production areas of life, and has a certain population and low Density architectural features and landscape environment, populated up to 50 or more than 200 people who live on settlements development, production, ecological and cultural space are closely related to each other, for rural communities. indigenous areas, mountain areas and outlying islands Residents of the settlement in order to have a common culture and consciousness and has a low density of population and certain architectural features and landscape environment, inhabited by the population in the 25 or 100 or more people who can be regarded as rural communities. " Geographical Information System Geographical Information System (GIS) is not an individual field of study; it uses information processing and analysis techniques as the common basis to provide a Relational Database that index values through the two main characteristics of GIS. Geographical Location and Attribution are the two main components of this system, that index the database space objects and queries thought the computing systems Smith et al. (1987). Geographic information system uses numerical approach to provide information that creates its forms through point figure, lines, as well as surface area of the data. Point data indicates the occurrence of a geographical location, it proposes common information such as the Community Development Association, activity centers, all levels of schools, churches and temples, police and fire station, the old names, county and city governments, government agencies, town halls, parks, gas stations, railway stations, medical clinics, farmers' associations, post office, offices and other debris flow disaster evacuation shelters in rural communities. Line data, reference the levy itself as too narrow to emerge. This study Rural Regeneration Bill on rural communities such as mountains, rivers, fast roads, highways, high-speed rail and other obvious terrain, terrain, structures were included in line to collect. Surface data but information are enclosed by the lines of a region, this study National Land Surveying and Mapping Center's 2007 survey of the status of land use classification defined in the table space map data associated rural communities, including: residential (0502), commercial ( 0501), industrial (0503) in the manufacturing sector (050,301) and other buildings distribution area, provincial roads, fast roads (030,302), general road (030303), road-related facilities (030,304), religion ISS 189

6 and related facilities (050401, ), government agencies (0601), schools (0602), healthcare (0603), social welfare facilities (0604), cultural facilities (0701), leisure facilities (0702), farming (0101), aquaculture (0102), livestock (0103), agriculture incidental facilities (0104), plantation (0202), ditches (0402), reservoirs (0403), Salt (0803) and so on. Geographic information systems also include Raster Data format and vector data format. This study emphasizes the data structure based on the Raster Data format for its simplicity and consistency with the calculation of the less storage space to further encode and converted to. asc file, and grid cell size. The study is conducted through discussions of smallest rural communities, where expert interviewed has concluded residential land should be at least 1 ha the overall size of the space pilot area between ha his includes considering the rural communities of the various types of spatial scales and computing speed as to 10x10 meter grid structure. (see Figure 3 below). Figure 3 10x10 meter grid unit structure Network Database System Network database system, simply means the use of network applications, with web servers and back-end database constructed by interactive information system. The user submits a request through the HTML page, the server receive the request and performs server-side program, then read back-end database server, and finally the query to the data back to the client, Lung Wu Hui, Liu Jianhui, He Shihua (2004). In this study, the current general ASP (Active Server Pages) as a web application development framework, the system is based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 to develop, based on the. NET Framework-based Windows software for the Windows operating environment, map data input and output operations are based asc file format, but in order to save storage space on Web-GIS platform to enhance display performance, the scope of the system was completed after designation will asc vector data into ESRI Shapefile format data as subsequent analysis. Furthermore, it sets shapefile in Xml format, compressed into ZIP to facilitate follow-up with the Web-GIS systems integration and application display. ISS 190

7 Research Methods Database Planning and Design The database planning and design is an important task of incorporating properties and information of rural communities to be displayed on Internet platform for unified search. So, the database includes relevant qualitative and quantitative information in the display of properties. To collect community properties, the researchers mainly reviewed professional judgments and norms from expert forums, theories, literature, and investigations of regulations. Then, according to the examination of county-level master plans and preliminary rejuvenation planning, the on-site visits of 110 key communities, as well as the maps and data from the GIS Center, Feng Chia University and the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, we summed up the existing relative data that can be consulted to carry out relevant integration and analysis. As a result, the basic and delimitation data of rural communities part, the definition of living space in rural communities part, and he current status of industries and prospective development of rural communities part and their details. Study area The scope of this research contains the 110 key rural communities listed by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, Council of Agriculture. They are located in 18 counties and cities and served by 5 branches of the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, including Nanto Branch (22 communities), Taipei Branch (23 communities), Taichung Branch (21 Communities), Tainan Branch (21 communities), Taitung Branch(8 communities) and Hualien Branch (15 communities). Every branch in west Taiwan provides services for more than 20 this type of communities, much more than those in west Taiwan. Their ecological distribution is determined according to the research conditions of non-urban development areas, non-industrial areas, non-specialized areas, and non-national park areas. System development and operation 1. Management and input function To establish perfect systematic database, at first a distinction must be made between administer and user permissions. The ASP is used to develop database management interface on the basis of Internet environment, perform the functions of text database management, picture data management, and geographic information data management, and allow database administers to do the work of adding, correcting, deleting, and searching data (see Figure 4 below), to the safety of the integrated date. On the other hand, users chiefly input an item into delimitation system to utilize the ISS 191

8 data. The system contains eight parts, including the locations of central villages, combination of villages adjacent to each other, locations for important activities, main environments for production, living, and ecology, boundaries need to be limited by conditions, and expanding areas. Whether the villages adjacent to each other should be combined is judged according to the input setting order. And the proper rural communities is delimitated according to locations for important activities, areas of production, living and geology, along with GIS maps. (see Figure 5 below). Figure 4 Rural communities Management Interface GIS 圖資 村里界圖設施點位圖道路路網圖國土利用調查圖水系圖集水區圖鐵路圖高鐵圖保安林圖 範圍劃設流程 判斷相鄰村里範圍劃設範圍輸出 輸入設定 中心村里是否合併村里重要活動據點主要生活環境主要生產環境主要生態環境邊界擴張面積 國家公園圖 SHP 與上傳圖資輸出 國有林自然保護區圖 Figure 5 Rural communities designated system input range chart In addition, another user input interface is the input interface of communities basic data, which is also designed in the form of web pages for carrying out the input of forms. In this research we establish friendly operation interface according to the data sheet structure and the relation between data sheets in database, to allow the ISS 192

9 administer to add new data to database. The result data of plans for rural communities provided for the search for rural communities includes basic data of communities, community categories data, industries information, proportion of production, living and ecology, and related photos, all of which are input from here. (see Figure 6 below). Figure 6 Rural communities Basic data entry interface 2. Designation and correction functions The purpose of rural communities delimitation function is to help the members of rural communities delimitate communities, and able to overlay the community maps on related aerial photos to compare the community boundaries with those in preliminary planning, as a reference material for the preparation for rural rejuvenation plan. This system will put the record of every reference area output from it in the left form, and so does the delimitation area. Therefore, every user can have many reference areas and manual delimitation areas. Click the delete button, and the record can be deleted. If a name of village is clicked, the conditions used by the reference area will bounce out and be used as a reference for next output area. (see Figure 7 below). 否 設定劃設條件輸出參考範圍 是否有結果產生 是 範圍劃設 輸出參考範圍 儲存範圍 範圍檢視與調整 輸出社區範圍 Figure 7 Flowchart scoping correction rural communities ISS 193

10 3. Geographic information display function The geographic information display system combines the aforesaid information and properties input and the map-overlaying function of Internet map and data system (Google Map), through delimitation, to determine the saved community areas. After adjusting the community area, click the upper left Save the Delimitation Results, and the adjusted community area will be saved. Click Output Map File, and the current area will be overlaid on the current base map output as map file for download or printing. Click Output KML, and the KML file of community area will be downloaded and displayed on Google Earth. (see Figure 8 below). Figure 8 Community designation system exhibited in Google Earth In addition, there are counting options. The left statistic tree can carry out counting according to community types, community population and community areas and count up the number for each branch or county or city. On the map display the hypsometric map of statistical information and on the right side display the statistical form and histogram. (see Figure 9 below). Figure 9 Basic information on Community statistics exhibited Research Result In this research the rural community areas are mainly delimitated according the delimitation concept and operation process related to rural community space location ISS 194

11 in The Investigation on Space Location of Rich and Beautiful New Rural Communities by Ou Shengrong and incorporate rural community properties and survey data according to the proportion of production, living and ecology needed by rural community residence, the proportion of agricultural production engaged in by communities, and proportion of development expected by community residents. Then, the proportion and priority relationship will be numeralized and extended to move on. At present, the relevant GIS maps and data of all the 18 counties and cities on Taiwan Island (excluding Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu)have been input into the system shown in Table 1 below. TABLE 1 Cross tabulation of the proportions of product, living, and ecology Product Living Ecology Product L P>E E P>L Living P L>E L P E Ecology E>P L L E>P According to this research, from the result and difference analysis of the aforesaid 110 key community area delimitation, we compare the important activity locations and the environmental conditions of production, living and ecology provided by respondent communities, and carry out calculations. According to the examination analysis, it is believed that the delimitation accuracy has reached more than 80%. Except the aboriginal areas influenced by cultural factors, the ratio of community boundaries matching village boundaries is the highest (80.9%), the best reference for the consideration of boundary limits. As for their centers, most of them are activity centers (67.1%), community development associations (10.3%) and temples (4.9%). The size of village is the same as expected by past experience. The most suitable community area is 100 hectares, but at least 10 hectares, and the living area should not smaller than 1 hectare. In addition, this research also find that different types of rural communities have different degree of emphasis on the demand for production, living and ecology. So, this will be taken into consideration for checks in the computation program planning. The residents particularly also check the land use types in their community area and review the difference of the area. For example, the environmental aspects of community emphasizing production are all checked. For ecology oriented communities, the special eco-resources locations should be emphasized. The different community orientations and check references are compiled as shown in Table 2 below. ISS 195

12 TABLE 2 Community property requirements and program relational tables checked items L E>P P L>E E>P L L P>E L P E E P>L Merge village boundaries Important Activity point Main Living Environ. Main Product Environ Main Ecology Environ. Boundary Area to maximum Depending on the community conditions selected Must be fully checked Depending on the existing community resource type selected Conclusions and Recommendations At this moment when various rural development policies are promoted, how to make progress along with the advance of digital information is the important issue arousing widespread concerns. Although in the past, there were promotions for rural regeneration plan assisted by system software, they were not complete in terms of information integration. Bases on Internet database and GIS, this research uses ASP as the main developing program, to establish a web version of rural community areas delimitation and survey category system incorporated by the rural community area delimitation information system on the basis of Internet environment, and provide a better reference database under the establishment of e-portfolio. However, in the process we still found that there are important traffic lines passing communities, and the road width is as wide as over 15 meters (for example, a freeway, the HSR, and a ISS 196

13 high way), which may produce larger error. Furthermore, there are communities in which the hillside topography is much higher than the living area, making the difference between the land use types for production and ecological space on map information of land use and the recognition of community residents. This further influences the objectivity of the input of the proportion of production, living and ecology. This kind of situation also usually happens in remote mountains and aboriginal communities. Among them the factor limited by database is that the computation unit of basic map information is provided by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, which is the village boundaries of And because the village boundaries are not legal boundaries and there are no correct coordinates for reference; thus the map information provided by the government makes error. Therefore, this research suggests that the map information of important facilities is not complete and needs more field survey to make related corrections, which is helpful to demarcate the important center locations of the rural communities, and the update map information should be input into the system platform to become the reference for computing the center point of community activities and establish the automatic update mechanism of basic map information to ensure that the delimitation result conforms to current environment status. In the future, the website can be connected to the space information storage system of the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, to establish automatic update procedure and display in community network the information establishment and check-up mechanism, allowing dedicated personnel to check up. In this way, the early warning mechanism establishment in the process of area delimitation when community areas are overlapped can be arranged in pairs, (including 1. on-line timely warning to inform and 2. the user is advised to contact dedicated personnel), and permissions of download under the control of the community s own permissions, including correcting, the number of save frequency, the limit of storage volume, and flow control measures. Furthermore, as for the download and usage permissions of other communities reference, the management units in county or city governments should develop related application process and approval mechanism, to reduce the waste of administrative resources. REFERENCES 吳輝龍, 劉建輝, 何世華 (2004) 水土保持法相關法規解釋函彙編專家系統之建置 水土保持學報 36(3): 林孟慶 (2001) 農村住宅政策配合農村發展之研究 碩士論文 中興大學農業經濟系, 台中 林淵煌 (1982) 現代化農村發展之研究( 上 ), 臺灣經濟第七十期 ISS 197

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