Supporting Information. Drop Cargo Transfer via Uni-Directional Lubricant Spreading on Peristome-Mimetic Surface

Transcription

1 Supporting Information Drop Cargo Transfer via Uni-Directional Lubricant Spreading on Peristome-Mimetic Surface Cunlong Yu, Longhao Zhang, Yunfei Ru, Ning Li, Chuxin Li, Can Gao, Zhichao Dong*, and Lei Jiang Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing , P. R. China CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , P. R. China 1

2 Supporting Information Includes: One PDF file with Experimental Section, 7 Supporting Figures and 3 Supporting Tables, and Video file with 3 Supporting Movies. Figures S1 S7 Figure S1. Hexadecane uni-directionally spreading on the peristome-mimetic surface. Figure S2. Swelling of the peristome-mimetic PDMS surface. Figure S3. Hexadecane transport on PVA hydrogel via unidirectional spreading of water. Figure S4. Swelling of the peristome-mimetic PVA hydrogel surface. Figure S5. The peristome-mimetic surface can transport drops with varied drop volumes. Figure S6. The peristome-mimetic surface can manipulate water drop transport through controlling oil-injecting speed. Figure S7. Ethanol and water mix test. Tables S1 S3 Table S1. Liquid prosperities. Table S2. The surface tension of liquids in mn/m. Table S3. Cargo transport velocity in mm/s for a dozen cargo-carrier combines. Movies S1 S3 Movie S1. Comparison of hexadecane spreading performances on different surfaces. Movie S2. Comparison of water droplet transportations on different surfaces. Movie S3. The transport of drop cargoes with varied surface tensions on the peristomemimetic PDMS surface. 2

3 Figure S1. Hexadecane uni-directionally spreading on the peristome-mimetic surface. a, Time-lapse images of uni-directional spreading of continuously injected n-hexadecane. Through continuous pump injection, hexadecane can uni-directionally spread along the peristome-mimetic microgroove in +X direction, and have no retraction in the reverse direction. b, Time sequences of the uni-directional transporting distance. The slope of the curve indicates the spreading speed, ~ 2.26 mm/s. 3

4 Figure S2. Swelling of the peristome-mimetic PDMS surface. a, The length change of PDMS surface during the process of being immersed in n-hexadecane. b, Water droplet transport on the peristome-mimetic PDMS surface after swelling by n-hexadecane for 2h. c, Comparison of the transport velocity on the peristome-mimetic PDMS surface before and after swelling in n- hexadecane. 4

5 Figure S3. Hexadecane transport on PVA hydrogel via unidirectional spreading of water. a, Device diagram of the experimental setup. Two micropumps are used to dispense continuous water and hexadecane drops. The peristome-mimetic PVA hydrogel surface is placed onto the horizontal plate below the nozzles with digital videos from top and side views. b and c, Hexadecane is pushed forward as a cargo along the peristome groove via the unidirectionally spreading water. 5

6 Figure S4. Swelling of the peristome-mimetic PVA hydrogel surface. a, The length, L, change of PVA hydrogel surface during being immersed in water. b, After swelling for 2 hours, comparison of the transport velocity on the peristome-mimetic PVA hydrogel surface before and after swelling in water. 6

7 Figure S5. The peristome-mimetic surface can transport drops with varied drop volumes. a-d, Time-lapse images of uni-directional drops transport with drop volumes of 1 μl, 2 μl, 3 μl, and 4 μl, respectively, via continuous hexadecane spreading on the peristome-mimetic surface. e, Time sequences of the uni-directional transporting distance of water drop with varied drop volumes. With the reduce of the drop volume from 4 μl to 2 μl, the transport speed of water droplets is faster. But, when the drop volume is reduced to 1 μl, the transport speed of water drop reduces. 7

8 Figure S6. The peristome-mimetic surface can manipulate water drop transport through controlling oil-injecting speed. a-c, Time-lapse images of uni-directional transporting of water droplet (4 μl) via continuous hexadecane spreading on the peristome-mimetic surface with inject speeds of 0.5 μl/s, 1.0 μl/s, and 2.0 μl/s, respectively. d, Time sequences of the unidirectional transporting distance of water drops with varied oil-depositing speeds. With the increment of lubricant-injecting speed, the water droplet is transported faster. 8

9 Figure S7. Ethanol and water mix test ml water and 50.0 ml ethanol are successively poured into a 100-ml graduated cylinder. The final mixture volume of water and ethanol is 97.0 ± 1.0 ml, rather than 100 ml. 9

10 Table S1. Liquid properities Liquid Chemical Formula Surface Tension (mn/m) Density (g/cm 3 ) Viscosity (mpa s) Chemical Source & Grade Water H 2 O Milli-Q 18.4 MΩ Glycerol C 3 H 8 O J&K Ethylene Glycol C 2 H 6 O J&K n-hexadecane C 16 H J&K Polydimethylsiloxane (C 2 H 6 OSi)n Dow Corning Ethanol C 2 H 6 O Beijing Chemical Works Silicone Oil C 6 H 18 OSi Acros Organics Perfluorohexane (FC 770) C 6 F M Note: The physical and chemical properties of the tested liquids are provided by manufacturers and collected from reference books. [1] 10

11 Tabel S2. The surface tension of liquids in mn/m Fluid/Solid γ γ LW γ AB γ + γ - Ref. Water Glycerol Ethylene Glycol n-hexadecane (0) (0) (0) 3 Polydimethylsiloxane (0) Ethanol (0) Silicone Oil (0) (0) (0) 4 Perfluorohexane 10.0 (10.0) (0) (0) (0) 5 Note: γ LW : the Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) surface tension component; γ + : the acid (electron acceptor) surface tension component; γ : the base (electron donor) surface tension component. 11

12 Table S3. Cargo transport velocity in mm/s for a dozen cargo-carrier combines Cargoes/Lubricants Water Ethylene Glycol Ethanol n- Hexadecane Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Silicone Oil Perfluorohexane (FC-770)

13 Legends for movies S1 to S3 Movie S1. Comparison of hexadecane spreading performances on different surfaces. When hexadecane is continuously injected onto the smooth, micro-grooved, and peristomemimetic surface, it spreads non-directionally, bi-directionally, and uni-directionally, respectively. Hexadecane spreads in +X direction more effectively on the peristome-mimetic surface than the smooth surface and the micro-grooved surface. Movie S2. Comparison of water droplet transportations on different surfaces. Water droplets, with a drop volume of 2 μl, are deposited onto the smooth surface, the micro-grooved surface, and the peristome-mimetic surface, respectively. Under the drive of the spreading hexadecane, these water droplets are transported. Apparently, the water droplet on the peristome-mimetic surface is transported more efficiently than on the smooth surface and on the micro-grooved surface. Movie S3. The transport of drop cargoes with varied surface tensions on the peristomemimetic PDMS surface. Approximately 2 μl drop cargoes, water droplet with 72.8 mn/m, ethylene glycol droplet with 48.0 mn/m, ethanol droplet with 22.4 mn/m are deposited onto the peristome-mimetic PDMS surface. As hexadecane uni-directionally spreads in +X direction, these drop cargoes are effectively transported. With the reduce of the surface tension, the drop cargo transports mort faster. 13

14 REFERENCES (1) Lide, D. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, (2) Kwok, D.; Li, D.; Neumann, A. Evaluation of the Lifshitz-Van Der Waals Acid-Base Approach to Determine Interfacial Tensions. Langmuir 1994, 10, (3) Kwok, D.; Lee, Y.; Neumann, A. Evaluation of the Lifshitz Van Der Waals/Acid Base Approach to Determine Interfacial Tensions. 2. Interfacial Tensions of Liquid Liquid Systems. Langmuir 1998, 14, (4) Shalel-Levanon, S.; Marmur, A. Validity and Accuracy in Evaluating Surface Tension of Solids by Additive Approaches. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2003, 262, (5) Rosen, M. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, Wiley,