Fight against IED making

Transcription

1 S e c r é t a r i a t G é n é r a l d e l a D é f e n s e e t d e l a S é c u r i t é N a t i o n a l e Fight against IED making Claire ARNOULD Policy lead on explosives claire.arnould@sgdsn.gouv.fr

2 Why using an IED? London, 2005 Many IEDs utilize HME, which are types of explosives that can be made: - easily: receipts are available on the Internet - by almost anyone - from common household chemicals that are easily accessible and can be purchased legally Unlike manufactured military or commercial explosives, strictly regulatory, precursor chemicals are widely available and common household products

3 Illustration of IED making Precursors HME + + TATP HMTD

4 Fight against commercially precursors Several ways to control precursors uses: restricting access to explosives precursors working on chemical marking to detect easily working on precursors denaturation to avoid the HME making awareness of law enforcement to discover precursors

5 Restricted access to explosives precursors An European regulation on the MARKETING AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES PRECURSORS Regulatory n 98/2013 Published February 2013 Application waiting for September 2, 2014

6 AIMS of UE regulatory to establish rules ; to harmonise it in the 27 Member States of UE concerning the making available to the general public of explosives precursors or mixtures containing such substances that could be misused for the illicit manufacture of explosives.

7 DEFINITION Member of the general public = Any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business or profession.

8 2 lists of explosives precursors for 2 different legal systems LEGAL SYSTEM # 1 : ANNEX I 7 substances with concentration higher than the limits laid down in annex I PRINCIPLE : prohibition to make available to members of the general public and for them to possess, to use or to import this 7 substances. EXCEPTION : this 7 substances may be made available to, possessed, used and imported by members of the general public provided that the member of the general public presents a licence. DEROGATION : for 3 substances, entering personal details into a register at the point of sale Annex I

9 THE LICENCE : Granted by the competent authority of a Member State ; Granting based on the legitimacy of the intended used of the substance ; Mutual recognition : licences granted by a Member State are valid in all Member States ; Validity : 3 years maximum ; Each licence specifies for which substance(s) it is granted ; Licence may be suspended or revoked whenever the conditions under which it was granted are no longer fulfilled. Annex I

10 LEGAL SYSTEM # 2 : SUBSTANCES LISTED IN ANNEX I AND IN ANNEX II (annex II : substances without threshold of concentration) Economic operators have to report to the national contact point of the Member State every suspicious transactions involving this substances (suspicion that the substance is intended for the production of home-made explosives). FOR ALL SUBSTANCES, EVEN NON-SCHEDULED SUBSTANCES : Obligation to report suspicious transactions. Annex I Annex II The Commission draw up the list of non-scheduled substances which are identified as having been used for the manufacture of home-made explosives.

11 THE ECONOMIC OPERATORS HAVE TO : 1. Verify the purchasers licences ; 2. Keep a record of the transactions ; 3. Indicate on the packaging that the purchase, possession or use of the goods (those containing the substances listed in annex I) is subject to a licence ; 4. Report significant thefts of the substances listed in annexes I and II. Each Member State shall lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of these obligations.

12 SUBSTANCES LISTED IN ANNEX I OF THE PROPOSAL OF REGULATION Name of the substance Hydrogen peroxide Nitromethane Nitric acid Potassium chlorate Potassium perchlorate Sodium chlorate Sodium perchlorate Ammonium nitrate Minimum amount 12 % w/w 30 % w/w 3 % w/w 40 % w/w 40 % w/w 40 % w/w 40 % w/w 16 % by weight of nitrogen in relation to ammonium nitrate

13 SUBSTANCES LISTED IN ANNEX II OF THE PROPOSAL OF REGULATION Hexamine Sulphuric acid Acetone Potassium nitrate Sodium nitrate Calcium nitrate Ammonium calcium nitrate

14 Working on chemical marking AIM: markers to increase the detectability of invisble bombs will be developed Characteristics of markers/additives: - suit specific detectors - environmentally fridenly, non toxic, safe to health - do not change the proprieties of substances

15 Working on precursors denaturation Two types of work are doing: - Hydrogen peroxyde: identify a substance to add to diluted precursor to avoid its concentration - TATP: identify a substance to add to acetone to avoid the TATP synthesis

16 Awareness of law enforcement to discover precursors - Several supports: Precursors HME - Poster in progress

17 Questions?